Ntawm thiab hom kev ua kom zoo nkauj

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Kev sau ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tsim nyog rau lub koom haum ntawm txhua hom kev kos duab - peb-seem, duab lossis sau ntawv. Cov ntsiab lus no tso cai rau koj los muab kev sib koom ua haujlwm thiab kev ncaj ncees, subordinating tag nrho nws cov ntsiab lus rau ib leeg, correlating lawv nrog lub tswv yim dav ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Dab tsi, hauv qhov no, raug xa mus ua cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj? Qhov no yog ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg uas muaj ib tug high degree ntawm expressiveness. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws suav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm abstraction thiab stylization, uas txhim kho nws txoj kev xav thiab kev nkag siab zoo.

Ib qho zoo nkauj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tsim los kom ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov xav tau, tus kws kos duab ib nrab lossis tag nrho tsis kam lees qhov tseeb ntawm daim duab. Qhov kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog kom tau txais ib yam tshiab uas tsis tuaj yeem pom hauv ntiaj teb sab nraud.

Kho kom zoo nkauj thiab siv cov khoom xyaw yog tsim raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov khoom. Tsuas yog tom qab qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom raug txiav txim siab, thiabtag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog kuj tau qhia, tus tswv endows nws nrog kev zoo nkauj. Xws li tus cwj pwm muaj tswv yim rau tej yam yog pom tau nrog kev pab ntawm décor. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov duab kos duab tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ib qho ntawm peb hom duab. Ntawm lawv yog ib zajlus thiab cim duab, nrog rau cov ornaments. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm cov compositions yog conditionally muab faib ua linear, frontal, volumetric thiab spatial. Cia wb mus saib lawv.

Zaj duab

Nyob rau hauv qhov zoo nkauj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm hom no yog to taub tus qauv uas tus tswv siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom. Tib lub sijhawm, cov duab zoo li no qhia rau tus neeg saib txog qee yam xwm txheej, kev ua lossis tshwm sim.

Cov phiaj xwm-kho kom zoo nkauj yog feem ntau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab pleev xim rau ntau yam khoom siv kos duab. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib nws ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Kev kos duab kos duab kos duab kos duab yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho amazing tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nws cov kev zoo nkauj hom ntawm lub koom haum ntawm daim duab kos duab. Lub hauv paus rau cov phiaj xwm siv los ntawm tus sau yog tiag tiag inexhaustible. Ntawm no yog cov koob tsheej thiab hnub, koob tsheej thiab kev sib sau ua ke, farewells thiab tawm mus, scenes ntawm lub neej, illustrations rau fairy tales thiab ntau ntxiv.

Stained-iav qhov rais yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov duab kos duab. Lub npe no los ntawm Fabkis lo lus vitrage, uas txhais tau tias "iav". Xws li cov phiaj xwm-kho kom zoo nkauj yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov rooj lossis qhov rais, thiab tseem ua rau hauvdaim ntawv ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag ywj pheej. Daim duab kos yog siv rau iav lossis lwm yam khoom uas xa lub teeb. Cov xim pleev xim-iav iav feem ntau muab tso rau hauv qhov rais. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog qhov qhib hauv Gothic cathedrals. Xws li cov khoom muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho kev ua si ntawm lub teeb pleev xim rau hauv cov xim sib txawv hauv sab hauv.

Symbolic image

Qee lub sij hawm cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj tsis txuas nrog kev sib kis ntawm qhov no lossis qhov kev ua ntawd. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws hais txog qee yam kev hais lus, lub tswv yim lossis lub tswv yim. Cov duab zoo li no hu ua cim.

Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub nroog Lavxias tuaj yeem ua piv txwv. Cov paib thiab xaj kuj yog cov cim zoo nkauj.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.

hom khoom dai hauv kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Lo lus "ornament" los ntawm Latin ornamentium, uas txhais tau tias "décor". Qhov no yog ib qho qauv uas muaj cov khoom sib dhos ua ke. Lub ornament yog npaj rau dai khaub ncaws, rooj tog zaum, riam phom, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam. Qee lub sij hawm nws yog siv thaum pleev xim cov khoom siv kos duab, nrog rau cov qauv vaj tsev.

Kev tsim cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ornament tuaj yeem ua raws li kev xaiv ntawm ib qho ntawm peb hom - mesh, kaw lossis ribbon. Cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj uas siv rau hauv cov qauv zoo li no feem ntau pom los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm hauv qhov xwm txheej. Nws tuaj yeem yog tsiaj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplooj. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ib qho zoo nkauj muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog paj. Qee zaum, rau cov khoom ntawm ornament, tus kws kos duab siv cov khoom uas tau tsim los ntawm tib neeg txhais tes.

Cov duab xaiv los tsim cov duab kos yuav tsum dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem hloov pauv nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog liberated los ntawm txhua yam random thiab superfluous. Qhov no tso cai rau txhua lub ntsiab lus los ua qhov nthuav dav li sai tau.

Thaum tsim cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom ornament, qhov sib npaug ntawm nws cov keeb kwm yav dhau thiab motifs, lub suab sib dhos hauv kev hloov ntawm cov xim me ntsis, nrog rau cov kab ke nruj hauv lawv qhov chaw yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

Linear composition

Hom kev tsim duab lub koom haum no tseem hu ua planar. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab yog conveyed los ntawm cov artist nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kab uas muaj ib tug tej yam saib thiab tus cwj pwm. Yog hais tias lawv muaj ib tug kab rov tav orientation, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog txawv los ntawm nws stability. Yog tias daim duab muaj kab ntsug lossis oblique, ces daim duab zoo li dynamic.

Thaum siv rau cov duab ntawm cov qauv geometric yooj yim, nws zoo li nruj. Yog tias daim duab yog tsim los siv cov kab nkhaus nyuaj, qhov no txiav txim siab qhov kev txav mus los thiab plasticity ntawm nws tus cwj pwm.

Pab muaj pes tsawg leeg

Lub koom haum ntawm daim duab no txhim kho nyob rau hauv ob qho kev qhia ib zaug, uas nyob rau ntawm lub dav hlau horizontally thiab vertically. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tob ntawm daim duab tsis muaj qhov qhia meej. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab feature ntawm frontal muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Tsim nws siv cov khoom tiaj tus. Qee zaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab sib tsoo rau ib leeg. Hauv qhov no, lawv hais txog lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo. Qee zaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm frontalCov txheej txheem tsuas yog intertwined. Lawv kev sib cuam tshuam yog suav tias yog passive.

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tau xaiv kom tsis txhob pom kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv. Qhov no yuav ua kom cov duab zoo nkauj tsis txhob poob.

Ua ke, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm frontal muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ib tug du nto los yog muaj peev xwm los tsim ib hom kev hloov ntawm lub xeev ntawm ib tug ca thiab peb-dimensional qauv. Kev nyem yog ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no. Nws kuj tseem suav hais tias yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm volumetric-frontal.

Kev nyem yog nkag siab tias yog tus qauv convex nyob rau ntawm lub dav hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau hom nws txawv:

• bas-relief, uas yog ib qho ornament lossis sculptural duab, me ntsis protruding saum lub dav hlau;
• siab nyem protruding peb-quarters saum npoo;
• reverse embossment, me ntsis recessed nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub ntsiab keeb kwm yav dhau;
• nyem uas nyob rau tib kab kab rov tav nrog lub dav hlau, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus incised.

Feem ntau cov khoom sib xyaw pem hauv ntej yog siv los tsim ntau yam khoom zoo nkauj. Xws li cov murals thiab cov ntaub pua plag, hauv mosaics thiab iav stained, hauv cov duab tiag tiag thiab paub daws teeb meem.

3D composition

Hauv qhov no, rau cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm lub dav hlau, ntxiv rau cov lus qhia ntsug thiab kab rov tav, qhov tob kuj tseem cuam tshuam. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau kev tsim ntawm daim ntawv peb sab. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke hauv qhov no yogpeb-dimensional. Tus saib tuaj yeem pom nws los ntawm txhua sab. Ntxiv mus, qhov chaw ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm cov duab zoo li no, qhov pom tseeb dua nws cov qauv yas thiab cov duab dav dav tshwm sim.

Daim ntawv no zoo nkaus li ntom ntom thiab monumental. Nws qhov chaw sab hauv yog khaws cia kom tsawg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nce qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv no, nws yuav txawm ntau dynamic thiab qhib.

Yog tias daim duab peb sab tau piav qhia ntawm lub dav hlau, ces txhawm rau txhawm rau nthuav dav ntawm qhov khoom rau tus neeg saib, cov txheej txheem ntawm chiaroscuro yog siv.

Space composition

Nyob rau hauv daim duab no, qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw uas cov khoom muab tso rau yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias tus nqi nyob rau hauv no muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tej lub caij, txawm tus me tshaj ib tug, yog heev loj.

Chaw tuaj yeem teeb tsa hauv ob txoj hauv kev:

1. Inside ciam teb uas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no yog qhov chaw kaw. Piv txwv suav nrog kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub nroog squares uas nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov tsev lossis tsim sab hauv ntawm cov tsev cia puav pheej.
2. Around objects. Hauv qhov no, peb tham txog qhov chaw qhib. Piv txwv li, lub vaj pob zeb nyob hauv Kyoto, lossis Egyptian pyramids, "tuav" nyob ib puag ncig lawv.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas nws tuaj yeem tsim muaj qhov sib txawv yog:

• ntim qhov chaw zoo li;
• khoom siv los tsim cov khoom.

YogLos ntawm volumetric muaj pes tsawg leeg, peb txhais tau tias peb-dimensional kaw daim ntawv uas tus neeg muaj peev xwm pom tau los ntawm txhua sab. Nws tuaj yeem yog, piv txwv li, cov duab puab, cov ris tsho lossis cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov masters ntawm arts thiab crafts. Lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm no belongs rau tectonic tsis tu ncua ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, nrog rau nws cov qauv peb-seem. Qhov no suav nrog kev faib ua feem ntawm tag nrho thiab qhov chaw, khoom siv, qhov hnyav, thiab lwm yam. Yuav ua li cas qhia peb-dimensional daim ntawv yuav yog nyob ntawm seb nws cuam tshuam nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.

Txoj kev kho kom zoo nkauj muaj pes tsawg leeg

Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab, tus kws kos duab sim ua kom nws ua rau thawj lub sijhawm ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm daim duab los ntawm tus neeg saib arouses tom kawg qhov kev txaus siab rau cov ntsiab lus. Cov nyhuv zoo li no tuaj yeem ua tau vim yog cov ntawv xaiv kom raug, qhov loj ntawm kev ua haujlwm nws tus kheej, xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov duab.

Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog los qhia qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li, kev txav thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov cim, nrog rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm lawv cov kev xav, tso cai rau koj mus nrhiav tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb. Lub teeb thiab xim sib piv yog txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia.

Paub txog cov yam ntxwv sib xyaw thiab cov qauv uas tau pom los ntawm ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam nyob rau ntau pua xyoo, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau tag nrho lub cev ntawm kev ua haujlwm xws li cuam tshuam rau kev xav thiab lub siab ntawm tib neeg. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem siv tib lub sijhawm ua kom muaj tswv yim ua haujlwm thiab txhim kho kev txawj ntse. Tias yog vim li cas lub hauv paus ntawm kev zoo nkauj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm fine arts nyob rau hauv preschool tsev kawm ntawv thiab nyob rau hauvtsev kawm ntawv. Raws li ib qho kev qhia txog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab, lawv siv:

1. Rhythm. Nyob rau hauv lub neej nyob ib ncig ntawm peb, ntau yam ntawm nws manifestation, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau hauv lub zog, tsiv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam qhov no, peb ob lub qhov muag pom qhov chaw hauv nws qhov twg. Yog li ntawd, ib tug neeg tsim lub zeem muag ntawm ib qho kev sib txuas uas muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub zog thiab qhov loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig. Hauv daim duab, qhov kev xav zoo sib xws yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov duab ntawm ntau tus lej. Associatively, tus saib muaj lub tswv yim txog lawv txoj kev txav. Nws yog qhov rov ua dua hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab uas hu ua kev sib dhos.
2. Symmetry. Txhais los ntawm Greek, lo lus no txhais tau tias "feem ntau", thiab "kev sib haum xeeb". Symmetry yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj. Xwm nws tus kheej muab peb lub tswv yim ntawm qhov kev kho no. Piv txwv li, tus qauv ntawm npauj npaim yog symmetrical. Tom qab tag nrho, tag nrho nws cov sab xis yog sib npaug rau sab laug thiab sib npaug zos yog tias peb xav txog lawv txheeb ze rau nruab nrab. Cov qauv zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov nroj tsuag, uas tso cai rau kev siv symmetry hauv kev tsim kho cov paj dai kom zoo nkauj.
3. Txuag. Tus neeg saib lub qhov muag ib txwm pom ib lossis ntau yam khoom tag nrho. Qhov ntawd yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug neeg txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm ib yam khoom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov no ua rau qhov tseeb tias tus neeg saib pom qhov no lossis qhov khoom ntawd hauv daim duab li lub teeb lossis hnyav. Ib pawg me me yuav muaj cov khoom nrog jagged contours thiab nto pleev xim rau hauv lub teeb xim. Lawv yuav tshwm sim hnyav nrog qhov loj me, daim ntawv yooj yim thiab xim tsaus. qhov yooj yim tshaj plawsQhov txhais tau tias ua tiav qhov sib npaug hauv cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj yog symmetry. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog qee qhov kev sib txuas ntawm "hnyav" thiab "teeb" cov duab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab kos mus rau qhov loj yog nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug.
4. Asymmetry. Qee zaum hauv ib daim duab lossis hauv ib qho khoom nws tsis tuaj yeem pom cov ntsiab lus uas nyob ntawm tib qhov deb ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm axis. Hauv qhov no, muaj asymmetry. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no tso cai rau koj los muab cov duab dynamics thiab qhia txog lub peev xwm rau kev txav mus los hauv kev sib xyaw.
5. Kev sib txawv. Hauv txhua qhov kev kawm, koj tuaj yeem pom ob peb lub cim thiab qhov zoo uas muaj qhov sib txawv. Qhov txawv no hu ua contrast. Qhov no txhais tau tias ntawm cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj tso cai rau koj los txhim kho qhov kev xav ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov khoom, lawv qhov chaw lossis cov yam ntxwv. Yog vim li cas qhov sib piv yog siv los faib ib yam khoom rau hauv nyias qhov. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tso cai rau tus kws kos duab xaiv los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas nws xav ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov neeg saib.
6. Nug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv ib tug contrasting ua ke ntawm cov yam ntxwv, cov khoom yuav pom heev, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus saib lub qhov muag tau nkees sai sai, thiab ntev nws tsis xav txog xws li ib tug khoom. Txhawm rau kom cov khoom muaj qhov zoo li kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib haum xeeb, qhov sib xws thiab kev faib ua feem ntawm tag nrho nws qhov chaw, nrog rau lawv qhov zoo sib xws thiab kev sib raug zoo, yog qhov tsim nyog. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab ntawm lub nuance. Nws, zoo li qhov sib txawv, manifests nws tus kheej hauv kev txav thiab loj, hauv cov duab, xim, kev ntxhib los mos, lightness thiab tsim.

Drawing the composition "Neejgrazing"

Nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib kindergartens thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, cov chav kawm kos duab tau tuav uas pab txhawb kev tsim cov txuj ci zoo nkauj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Ntawm ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia no, nws raug nquahu kom kos cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj "Nes yog grazing". Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev kawm no yog dab tsi? Kev kos duab kos duab kos duab "Horses Graze" yog tsim los qhia cov me nyuam kom raug muab tso rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab, sib txawv ntawm lawv qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv, nrog rau lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum tsim lub teeb thiab dej txav thaum kos duab contours. Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj "Nes Graze", nws tseem tsim nyog los txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus los pleev xim rau cov duab uas twb muaj lawm.

Thaum ua zaj lus qhia, tus kws qhia ntawv raug pom zoo los txiav txim siab nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm cov khoom siv ceramic uas yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv pej xeem uas piav txog nees. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai mus rau lub composition ntawm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv. Txhua tus menyuam yuav tsum tau hais kom npaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab raws li lawv lub zeem muag.

Kev kos duab kos duab kos duab "Nes Graze" yuav tsum tau pib nrog kev ceeb toom ntawm yuav ua li cas tso cov duab ceramic rau ntawm daim ntawv. Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum txav tus cwj mem hla ntawm daim ntawv kom du thiab du. Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov kab yuav tsum tau kos ob zaug. Thaum xub thawj, cov menyuam yaus kos cov duab tsiaj nrog ib tus cwj mem yooj yim. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los xyuas seb lawv puas ua tau zoo. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib xim cov contours. Kev ua tiav tiav yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab nco ntsoovxav txog lawv ua ke nrog cov me nyuam.

Creating Frost on Trees pattern

Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau qhia lawv kos duab ntawm xwm ntawm daim ntawv. Tias yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov chav kawm hauv kev ua yeeb yam zoo nws pom zoo kom ua lub caij ntuj no kho kom zoo nkauj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau cov menyuam yaus hloov mus rau ntawm daim ntawv cov qauv ntawm ntau yam ntoo uas npog nrog Frost. Cov kev ua ub no yog tsim los tsim kom muaj kev nkag siab zoo nkauj hauv txhua tus menyuam yaus, ua rau nws xav qhuas qhov zoo nkauj ntawm toj roob hauv pes lub caij ntuj no.

Thaum pib zaj lus qhia, tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tham nrog cov menyuam yaus txog Frost, uas feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov ntoo thaum lub caij ntuj no. Nws kuj yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm txog kev tsim cov duab kos duab thiab duab kos duab uas qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem pom. Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau txhawb kom pib kos duab nrog cov daus hauv av thiab tom qab ntawd siv cov cwj mem hluav taws rau cov ntoo.