Tikhonov Nikolai Semenovich: biography, duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tikhonov Nikolai Semenovich, uas nws biography yog txuam nrog Soviet paj huam, mob siab rau nws tag nrho lub neej los pab tsis tau tsuas yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej, tab sis kuj nws lub xeev. Cov neeg sau ntawv thuam rau qee qhov laj thawj rau nws rau "thib ob echelon" ntawm cov kws sau nkauj hauv tsev, thaum tus kws sau paj huam muaj nws tus kheej lub suab, muaj tswv yim zoo thiab ua tau zoo.

Kaum ib hlis 22, 1896 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yug Nikolai Tikhonov, uas nws biography luv luv piav nyob rau hauv ib lo lus: "Poet", thiab nrog ib tug loj tsab ntawv. Nws lub hauv paus chiv keeb tsis tau qhia txog kev xaiv txoj kev zoo li no yav tom ntej. Nws tshwm sim hauv ib tsev neeg yooj yim heev thiab pluag. Nws txiv yog ib tug kws txiav plaub hau yooj yim, thiab nws niam yog ib tug kws txiav plaub hau. Tsev neeg cov nyiaj tau los yog ntau tshaj qhov me me, tsis tshua muaj nyiaj txaus rau qhov tsim nyog xav tau. Lawv nyob hauv lub tsev nto moo ntawm Morskaya Street, qhov twg Pushkin thiab Herzen ib zaug tau mus xyuas. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Tikhonov lub sij hawm nws yog ib lub tsev rau cov neeg pluag: me me tsaus chav tsev, kerosene teeb pom kev zoo, squalid furnishings. Cov huab cua nyob rau hauv uas yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug loj hlob yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev haum rautsim kev hlub rau kev kos duab. Cov niam txiv tau sau cov nyiaj npib los muab lawv cov menyuam yam tsawg kawg nkaus kev kawm tsawg.

Study

Tikhonov Nikolay yuav luag ntawm nws tus kheej kawm nyeem thiab sau ntawv thaum muaj hnub nyoog xya. Tom qab ntawd cov niam txiv pom ib lub sijhawm thiab xa tus tub mus kawm hauv lub nroog lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Pochtamtskaya Street. Nws nyiam nyeem ntawv heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog keeb kwm thiab thaj chaw. Tom qab ntawd nws muaj peev xwm kawm ntxiv hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Lag Luam, tab sis thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos nws tau tawm mus, vim tsev neeg xav tau kev pab hnyav, thiab nws yuav tsum mus ua haujlwm. Nws yeej tsis rov qab mus kawm ntawv ntxiv lawm. Qhov tseeb, Tikhonov yog tus kheej qhia, nws tau txais kev paub los ntawm cov phau ntawv, nws yog qhov txaus nyiam ua haujlwm txog thaj av nyob deb thiab taug txuj kev nyuaj uas ua rau nws pib ua haujlwm sau ntawv.

pib taug kev

Tom qab kawm ntawv, Nikolai tau mus ua haujlwm ua tus sau ntawv hauv Marine Economic Administration. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19, nws mus ua tub rog, nws ua haujlwm hauv hussars tau peb xyoos, tus kws sau paj huam koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. Nyob rau hauv 1918, tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, Tikhonov koom nrog Red Army, tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm lub xeev tshiab Soviet rau peb xyoos.

Nikolai Tikhonov sau nws zaj paj huam thaum ntxov, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 nws sau nws thawj zaug. Nws thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm tau tshwm sim thaum nws muaj 22 xyoos. Nyob rau hauv 1922, Nikolai tau demobilized los ntawm cov tub rog thiab txiav txim siab los ua ib tug kws sau ntawv. Lub sijhawm no, nws koom nrog avant-garde kev nyeem ntawv, dhau los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum"Cov Kwv Tij Serapion" ua ke nrog cov kws sau ntawv xws li V. Kaverin, M. Zoshchenko, K. Fedin, M. Slonimsky. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim, Tikhonov muaj zog cuam tshuam los ntawm acmeism thiab N. Gumilyov.

xyoos vam meej

Nyob rau thaum ntxov 1920s, Nikolai Tikhonov, uas nws cov duab feem ntau flashes nyob rau hauv Soviet cov ntawv xov xwm, yog ib lub galaxy ntawm txawj ntse thiab nrov kws sau paj lug. Nws tshaj tawm cov paj huam "Sami", cov collections "Horde" thiab "Braga". Nws "Ballad of the Nails" tau muab faib ua cov lus hais thiab cov lus hais. Txij li thaum xyoo 1920s, Tikhonov tau mus ncig ntau, nws tau mus xyuas Caucasus, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, thiab Turkmenistan. Nws tau los ua phooj ywg nrog ntau tus kws sau paj huam ntawm cov koom pheej ywj pheej thiab lub sijhawm no nws tau ua ntau yam kev txhais lus ntawm Georgian, Dagestan, Belarusian, Uzbek, Ukrainian lyrics. Nyob rau hauv 1935 nws raug xa mus rau Fabkis mus koom lub Congress "In Defense of Peace". Txij li thaum tus kws sau paj lug nquag txhawb txoj kab ntawm tog thiab tsoomfwv, nws tswj hwm kev tshaj tawm ntau, mus ncig, thiab hais lus rau pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv 1939, Tikhonov rov mus kawm rau hauv cov tub rog, nws koom nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab-Finnish ua tsov ua rog raws li ib tug ua tsov ua rog correspondent thiab editor ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm On Guard ntawm Motherland. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, nws tau ua haujlwm hauv Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Leningrad Front. Lub sijhawm no, nws sau ntau yam lus thiab paj huam, nrog rau kev sau xov xwm.

Post-war period

Tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, Nikolai Tikhonov, kws sau paj lug nrog lub ci ci ci, muab lub zog ntau dua rau kev ua haujlwm rau pej xeem. Txij li thaum xyoo 1949, nws tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Soviet, thiab tom qab ntawdWorld Peace Council. Lub sijhawm no, nws ua ntau yam txawv teb chaws mus rau Tebchaws Europe thiab Tuam Tshoj. Txij li thaum 1944, nws tau ua hauj lwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub Union of Writers ntawm lub USSR, ces nws yog suav nrog nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws qeb ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum ua lag luam. Txij li thaum 1946, tau ntau xyoo nws yog ib tug thawj coj ntawm lub Supreme Soviet ntawm lub RSFSR, lub Moscow City Council. Tikhonov sau ntau tsawg nyob rau lub sijhawm no, thiab kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov neeg sib tw ntawm tog kab yuav siv sijhawm ntau. Nyob rau hauv 1947, nws tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cosmopolitanism, thuam phau ntawv Pushkin thiab Ntiaj Teb Literature. Maj mam, kev mob siab rau cov rooj sib tham, rooj sib tham thiab kev hais lus yuav siv sijhawm tag nrho nws lub sijhawm, tawm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam hauv nws.

Poetic cuab yeej cuab tam

Tikhonov Nikolai Semenovich, uas nws biography yog ze rau lub Soviet tsoom fwv, tshuav ib tug tsis heev nplua nuj, tab sis nthuav paj huam keeb kwm. Muaj ntau tshaj 10 zaj paj huam hauv nws lub nra, uas nto moo tshaj plaws yog Sami thiab Vyra. Nws tsim 10 tus sau sau paj huam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog "Twelve Ballads", "Braga" thiab "Shadow of a Friend". Cov hauj lwm ntawm lub xyoo caum dhau los tau xim dhau los ntawm lub tswv yim, uas txo lawv txoj kev nkag mus thiab kev kos duab zoo heev. Patriotism yeej ib txwm yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov paj huam, pej xeem pathos tau qhia nyob rau hauv lawv vividly thiab zoo. Hauv xyoo tom qab tsov rog, nws xaiv lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm - lub neej thiab kev paub ntawm ib tug txiv neej. Ib tug tub rog, tus tub tub nuv ntses, tus neeg ua liaj ua teb - tus kws sau paj huam nrhiav kev qhia txog lawv txoj kev xav, kev hlub rau Leej Niam, kev paub txog kev koom tes hauv kev tsim lub xeev loj ntawm tib neeg lub hwj chim thiab kev ncaj ncees.

Prose by N. Tikhonov

Dhau li ntawm paj huam, Nikolai Tikhonov tau sau ntau yam lus, thiab qee cov dab neeg thiab cov ntawv sau tshaj nws cov lus hais txog kev txawj ntse. Nws prose yog qhov tseeb rov qab rau kev npau suav thaum yau thiab kev xav. Yog li, zaj dab neeg "Vambury" qhia txog kev taug txuj kev nyuaj ntawm orientalist thiab tus neeg taug kev. Ib txhia ntawm nws cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg tshiab yog reminiscent ntawm R. Kipling. Tikhonov nrhiav kev tham txog lwm lub teb chaws, hais txog kev tawm tsam rau kev ncaj ncees, uas yog vim li cas nws tej hauj lwm muaj xws li lub hwj chim kev kawm zoo thiab feem ntau nyeem nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, xya sau ntawm cov dab neeg luv luv thiab novellas tau luam tawm, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog "Oath in the Fog", "Leningrad Tales", "Double Rainbow". Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg, Tikhonov tau sau memoirs, lawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "The Writer and the Epoch" xyoo 1972. Qhov txaus siab heev yog nws cov keeb kwm kev sau xov xwm. Tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, mus ncig teb chaws sau ntawv "Nomads" qhia txog lub heroism ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam, hais txog kev kov yeej tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub tswv yim.

khoom plig thiab kev ua tiav

Tikhonov Nikolai tau rov ua cim los ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm USSR rau nws txoj haujlwm kev ywj pheej. Nws yog tib tug neeg uas, sib nrug ntawm L. I. Brezhnev, tau txais txiaj ntsig Lenin nqi zog thiab International Lenin nqi zog "Rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau kev thaj yeeb ntawm tib neeg." Xyoo 1966, nws yog thawj tus kws sau ntawv tau txais lub npe hu ua Hero of Socialist Labor. Nws tau txais qhov khoom plig Stalin peb zaug, tau txais qhov Order of Lenin peb zaug, Order of the Red Banner, Order of the October Revolution, the Patriotic War, Red Banner of Labor. Tsis tas li ntawd, Nikolai Semenovich yog ib tug laureate ntawm ntaukhoom plig, suav nrog thoob ntiaj teb, ob zaug tau txais khoom plig hauv Xeev.

Public position

Nikolai Semenovich Tikhonov yog tus tiv thaiv lub zog ntawm Soviet tag nrho nws lub neej. Nws hais rau nws lub hom phiaj hauv nws cov lus, nrog rau los ntawm ntau lub platform rau pej xeem. Nws txhawb lub tog txoj kab nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam cosmopolitanism, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tsis txhawb lub accusations tawm tsam Akhmatova thiab Zoshchenko thiab them rau qhov no nrog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub koom haum sau ntawv. Tab sis xyoo 1973, ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv, nws tau kos npe rau tsab ntawv uas txhawb nqa cov lus iab liam rau A. Sakharov thiab A. Solzhenitsyn ntawm kev tawm tsam Soviet.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Nikolai Tikhonov, uas nws biography paub muaj tswv yim ups thiab downs, ua lub neej vam meej tag nrho, muaj kev tswj kom tau ib ncig ntawm ntau yam teeb meem uas tos lwm cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lawv txoj kev mus rau cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tswj tau mus dhau plaub kev tsov rog, tab sis tsis tau txais kev raug mob hnyav. Nws yog phooj ywg nrog ntau tus kws sau ntawv ntawm peb lub sijhawm, txawm tias tom qab kev txaj muag, M. Zoshchenko tuaj yeem tuaj rau nws lub tsev thiab nrhiav kev koom tes nrog phooj ywg nyob ntawd. Maria Konstantinovna Neslukhovskaya los ua ib tug ncaj ncees khub ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Nws yog ib tug kws kos duab, ua hauj lwm rau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv lub puppet theatre. Tus poj niam muaj kev cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Tikhonov, qhov tseeb, nws tau koom nrog nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm, uas nws tsis tuaj yeem tau txais. Nkawd nyob ua ke tau 50 xyoo. Nkawd tsis muaj me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv 1975, Maria Konstantinovna tuag, thiab plaub xyoos tom qab Nikolai Semenovich kuj tawm mus. Tus kws sau paj lug yog faus rau hauv lub toj ntxas hauvPeredelkino. Ib txoj kev hauv Makhachkala muaj npe tom qab nws.