Medieval ornament: hom kev kos duab, lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kos duab thiab piav qhia nrog daim duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txhua lub sijhawm tib neeg tau sim kho qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig lawv, qhia lawv lub tswv yim coj tus cwj pwm rau qhov muaj tiag. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tej lub sij hawm, yam ntxwv ntawm ornaments tshwm sim, uas nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab mus rau ib tug neeg twg. Ib qho ntawm cov kev tsim txuj ci zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus txiv neej yog cov khoom siv medieval, embodied nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw: hauv architecture, hniav thiab kos duab kev ua ub no, riam phom, phau ntawv ua hauj lwm (me me, folios), khaub ncaws thiab fabrics, thiab hais txog.

txhais thiab yam ntxwv nta ntawm ornaments

Ib qho khoom plig yog ib qho qauv raws li kev sib dhos thiab kev sib hloov (rhythm) ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus (kev sib tham). Ua hauj lwm muab kev zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj rau cov tsev thiab lwm yam architectural creations, cov khoom rau ntau lub hom phiaj (furniture, tais diav, phau ntawv, textiles thiab riam phom).

Ancient neeg siv nwsKho koj lub cev, siv ntau yam tattoos uas ua si ob qho tib si zoo nkauj thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm talisman.

Ib yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom dai yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txuas nrog rau qhov chaw uas nws tau thov, nrog rau nws lub hom phiaj thiab daim ntawv. Hom kev kho kom zoo nkauj no qhia txog kev xav, cov duab tsis tseeb, lossis kev xav tiag tiag. Raws li qhov xwm txheej, nws tuaj yeem yog ribbon, ciam teb, centric, heraldic, sau qhov chaw. Thiab tseem muaj kev sib txuas ntawm lawv.

Historical facts

Khoom Plig tshwm sim thaum ub. Nyob rau lub sij hawm ntev, nws ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm talisman thiab talisman. Tom qab ntawd cov neeg tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv khoom siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub, lawv cov khaub ncaws, lub tsev. Tib neeg tau ntsib cov qauv ntawm kev rov ua dua ntawm ntau yam hauv qhov xwm txheej: hauv cov xim ntawm cov tsiaj, hauv cov qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag, hauv kev txav ntawm nthwv dej, thiab lwm yam.

Kev hwm thiab ua kom lub zog ntawm qhov xwm txheej, tus txiv neej tau nthuav tawm lawv cov cim hauv cov khoom dai. Piv txwv li, lub voj voog, rosettes, crosses tau txheeb xyuas nrog lub hnub. Tus ntoo khaub lig nyob hauv ib lub voj voog qhia txog kev txav ntawm lub hnub hla saum ntuj. Ntau pua xyoo tom qab, lub ntsiab lus zoo nkauj ntawm ornamental motifs tsis nco qab lawm, lawv pib siv los ua kho kom zoo nkauj.

Medieval ornament yog inextricably txuas nrog cov khoom uas nws decorates: nrog nws lub hom phiaj, zoo, khoom thiab loj. Nws qhia txog qhov kev xav thiab kev xav: piv txwv li, solemnity thiab txwv, smoothness thiab kev tshav ntuj, calmness, lightness, dawb txav los yogkev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Raws li hom qauv, nws muaj peev xwm kos cov lus xaus txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg tsim, nrog rau txog lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim.

piav qhia medieval ornaments

Hais luv luv txog kev kos duab ntawm medieval ornamentation, peb tuaj yeem tso tawm nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, nws yog kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntseeg kev ntseeg. Ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg lub neej, suav nrog kev kos duab, tau tswj hwm los ntawm pawg ntseeg. Qhov thib ob, qhov no yog kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg muaj tswv yim. Qhov no yog kev hlub rau cov qauv ci ntsa iab, thiab cov duab ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam. Thiab ntau tus tswv tuaj ntawm cov chav kawm qis.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab thiab cov qauv yog cov cim los ntawm cov cim thiab qhov muaj zog. Kev siv ntau yam cim, cov khoom ci thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.

Lub sijhawm no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov duab zoo heev thiab zoo heev, uas tau ua raws li cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj motifs. Los ntawm txhais tau tias cov duab thiab cov hniav, nrog rau cov ornaments, nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog lawv tau pib qhia lub ntiaj teb sab hauv, lub xeev, kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm ib tug neeg, uas tsis yog ib txwm zoo rau yav dhau los era.

Medieval ornament yog heev muaj nyob rau hauv heraldry, qhov chaw uas lawv siv cov cim sib txawv, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, emblems, ib feem ntawm ib tug tub rog cov cuab yeej.

Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog

Medieval ornament muaj ntau cov duab zoo nkauj thiab cov qauv cog, yog ib txwm muaj hauv architecture thiab kos duab zoo. Thiab nws kuj tau siv los kho cov khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam textiles, rooj togsets, hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tsim ib qho kev faib ua feem, nyob rau hauv uas txhua lub ntsiab lus tau scrupulously nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau ib leeg thiab ib feem ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej, uas lawv tau thov.

Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab thaum ntxov yog kev cog lus rau kev siv cov xim nplua nuj thiab cov khoom kim heev. Kev cai dab qhuas cwj pwm thiab canons txuas mus rau kos duab. Lub Koom Txoos tau pab txhawb kev ua yeeb yam: dhau los ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, nrog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, nws txhawb nqa nws cov tswv yim.

Used ornamental motifs

Nyob rau lub sijhawm no ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai zoo, kev nthuav qhia ntawm tib neeg cov duab tsis raug. Feem ntau siv yog cov duab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, noog, ntau yam fantasy monsters.

Nyob rau hauv Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog, ntau tus qauv nrov dominated. Medieval floral ornament yog ntau heev, pom yuav luag txhua qhov chaw. Nws depicts ntau yam nce toj thiab intertwining stems ntawm cov nroj tsuag, weaves ntawm nplooj (feem ntau grapes thiab ivy), paj (piv txwv li, lilies, roses, clover, burdock).

Ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov tsev feem ntau muaj cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov noog, nplooj ntoo, paj, ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lawv tsim lub illusion ntawm lub neej nyob. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv lub ntsiab ntawm tangible natural nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv Gothic decorations yog ib tug tshwj xeeb canon.

Kuj feem ntau siv yog geometric ornament, uas yog raws liCov cim paub daws teeb (lub voj voog, crosses, hnub qub, polyhedrons, dots, ntau ntau kab). Nyob rau hauv lub zoomorphic motif, masters sim depict tsiaj (ob leeg tiag thiab mythological, tsis tseeb) los yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov duab. Cov ntsiab lus anthropomorphic, stylizing dluab ntawm ib tug neeg lossis ib feem ntawm nws lub cev, xws li lub taub hau, tsis tshua muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov motifs tau ua raws li cov duab ntawm riam phom, architectural ntsiab, ntau lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab.

yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom seem

Cia peb xav txog cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj me me los ntawm Phau Ntawv Teev Ntuj ntawm nruab nrab-15th caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv no fragment ntawm me me, ib tug floral ornament yog qhia meej meej. Nws piav txog cov hauj sam hu nkauj hauv pawg hu nkauj.

Daim duab yog ciam teb rau txhua sab los ntawm kev rov ua cov yeeb yuj qauv ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov qia, nplooj thiab cov paj ntoo. Cov xim siv tau ntau yam: liab, xiav, ntsuab, paj yeeb thiab kub xim yog siv. Hauv cov qauv ornate, muaj qee yam qauv: kev rov ua dua ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam, kev siv cov xim sib txawv. Kev siv cov nplooj kub muab cov lus piav qhia muaj nuj nqis shimmer.

Romanesque ornament

Ib yam ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj yog Romanesque medieval ornament, muaj nyob rau hauv lub 10th-13th centuries nyob rau hauv Western Europe. Hom kev kos duab thiab qhov muag pom tau txais ntau lub ntsiab lus thiab cov duab los ntawm Roman kab lis kev cai qub ntawm lub sijhawm qub. Nws cov yam ntxwv txhais tau yog lub siab xav rau txhua yam amazing,mythological, fantasy thiab divine. Muaj ntau cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv tseeb, dab, tsiaj txawv. Piv txwv li, qhov no yog centaur, sphinx, pelican, hydra, gargoyle.

Tseem muaj ntau yam uas tsis yog kev ntseeg. Cov phiaj xwm los ntawm cov lus dab neeg, cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg ua yeeb yam, cov duab ntawm cov neeg ntawm cov chav kawm qis ua haujlwm hauv thaj teb tau pom lawv qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv kab lis kev cai, hauv cov qauv. Cov duab ntawm pawg ntseeg cov thawj coj thiab cov pilgrims tsis yog qhov txawv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm haiv neeg no pom tau zoo heev ntawm no - picturesqueness, zoo heev, lom zem, liveliness thiab vitality.

Lub sijhawm no, ob peb xim tau siv: daj thiab liab, dawb, dub thiab grey. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ci ntsa iab thiab dawb, Romanesque hniav motif tau tsim nyob rau hauv painting nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau, uas filigree ua tiav ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv loj thiab sau npe yog ib txwm.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv: cov duab geometric thiab cov cim, paj tawg paj, cov nroj tsuag txawv txawv, twisting thiab intertwining txiv hmab stems thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, palmettes, nrog rau cov noog thiab tsiaj txhu.

Gothic ornament

Kev kos duab ntawm medieval ornamentation nyob rau hauv Western European lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub Gothic era (XII-XV centuries) nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm architecture, raws li zoo raws li lub tsev teev ntuj. Lub Gothic ornament yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws ntau yam thiab cim, thiab zoo nkauj heev.

Nrog rau kev siv cov ntsiab lus thaum ub thiab oriental, kuj muaj cov motifs txawv txawv. Cov motifs kho kom zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yog paj, mythological thiab geometric. Siab heevdluab ntawm roses, keeb kwm nuj nqis, lub embodiment ntawm ntau yam biblical dab neeg tau nrov.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm keeb kwm no, nws yog "lub hnub nyoog kub" ntawm phau ntawv me me, lub hnub qub ntawm cov duab kos duab thiab kos duab. Txhua qhov chaw muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev xav, kev zoo nkauj, tus nqi siab thiab kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Ntau cov xim saturated twb tau siv: tsaus ntxoov xiav thiab liab, ntsuab thiab daj, ntshav thiab grey. Thiab feem ntau cov xim sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov sib txawv heev. Kev siv gilding, nplooj kub yog heev.

Role in art

Medieval qauv thiab ornaments qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev pom thiab siv kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, pab kom nkag siab tias tib neeg nyob li cas, lawv txoj kev ntshaw, lub tswv yim. Lawv kuj yog ib qho kev xav txog pej xeem kev kos duab, uas tib neeg sim ua kom pom lawv lub ntiaj teb, kev nkag siab ntawm xwm, tsiaj qus, kev zoo nkauj, kev zoo siab thiab lwm yam kev xav zoo.

Txiv kab ntxwv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kos duab ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Filigree, feem ntau nyuaj intricate thiab varied qauv zoo siab rau lub qhov muag, decorating ntau qhov chaw. Lawv tau siv los muab kev zoo nkauj thiab lub ntsiab lus rau cov khoom siv hauv lub neej txhua hnub (vases, tais diav, rooj tog). Thiab lawv kuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj riam phom (ntaj, daim thaiv, chij). Thiab, tau kawg, lawv tau pom nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv lub tsev teev ntuj: nyob rau hauv portals, altars, phab ntsa thiab qab nthab, rooj zaum.

Christianity rov qab lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau ntau lub cim ornamental. Lub ornament, yog li ntawd, kuj yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws carrier ntawm tshiab los yog tshiab tswv yim.

Nws nyob hauv Romanesque thiabLub sijhawm Gothic ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nrab Nrab Hnub Nyoog tau tsim ob sab ntawm cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj uas tseem nyiam niaj hnub no.