2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Cov neeg sau ntawv Polish tej zaum yuav tsis paub zoo rau cov neeg nyeem Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, txheej classical ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws no yog qhov qub thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua yeeb yam. Tej zaum qhov no yog vim txoj hmoo phem ntawm cov neeg Polish, ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev kov yeej thiab kev faib av, kev tawm tsam Nazi, kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub teb chaws thiab nws txoj kev txhim kho nyuaj ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws sau ntawv Polish kuj paub rau peb ntawm qhov tod tes, raws li cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov npe nrov xws li kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tsis zoo. Wb tham txog cov neeg sau ntawv Polish uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm 20th thiab 21st centuries, uas nws lub koob meej mus dhau ciam teb ntawm lawv lub teb chaws.
Senkevich Henrik
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Sienkiewicz tau los ua tus kws sau ntawv Polish nto moo tshaj plaws. Cov phau ntawv los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Polish feem ntau tsis yeej lub ntiaj teb cov khoom plig loj tshaj plaws, tab sis Sienkiewicz yeej qhov Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv hauv xyoo 1905. Nws tau muab rau tag nrho nws cov ntawv sau.
Ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog zaj dab neeg keeb kwm "Nrog Hluav Taws Xob thiab Ntaj", uas qhia txog Kev Hais LusLub Tebchaws. Xyoo 1894, nws tau sau nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tom ntej, Quo Vadis, hauv kev txhais lus Lavxias ntawm "Kamo Gryadeshi". Qhov tshiab no hais txog Roman faj tim teb chaws tsim Sienkiewicz ua tus tswv ntawm cov keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Txog niaj hnub no, qhov tshiab no tseem nrov heev thiab tau muab txhais ua ntau hom lus. Nws txoj hauj lwm tom ntej yog qhov tshiab "Cov Crusaders" hais txog kev tawm tsam ntawm Teutonic Order ntawm Poland.
Nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ib, Sienkiewicz tau tawm mus rau Switzerland, qhov chaw nws tuag xyoo 1916 thiab raug faus rau ntawd. Tom qab ntawd nws cov seem raug muab faus rau hauv Warsaw.
Lem Stanislav
Polish futurist kws sau ntawv Stanisław Lem paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws yog tus sau tej hauj lwm nto moo xws li "Solaris", "Eden", "Lub suab ntawm tus Tswv" thiab lwm yam.
Nws yug xyoo 1921 hauv lub nroog Lvov, uas yog Polish. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm German, ua txuj ci tseem ceeb tsis tau xaus rau hauv ghetto ua tsaug rau cov ntaub ntawv forged. Tom qab kawg ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, nws tau tsiv mus rau Krakow nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam rov qab los, qhov chaw nws tau kawm los ua kws kho mob. Xyoo 1946, Lem tau luam tawm nws thawj zaj dab neeg, thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1951, nws thawj phau ntawv tshiab "The Astronauts" tau luam tawm, uas tam sim ntawd ua rau nws nto moo.
Txhua tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb pawg. Ib qho yog kev ua haujlwm loj hauv lub siab ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev ntseeg. Lwm tus tau sau los ntawm nws ua tus sau ntawv satirist. Cov no yog grotesque tej hauj lwm xws li "Cyberiad" thiab "kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb".
Polish science ntawv tseeb kws sau ntawv - tus sau cov haujlwm uas tau muab txhais ua 40 yam lus thiab muag ntau dua 30 hauv ntiaj teblab luam ntawm nws phau ntawv. Ib txhia ntawm nws tej hauj lwm tau ua yeeb yaj kiab.
Witold Gombrowicz
Nov yog tus kws sau ntawv Polish, tus neeg saib xyuas, tus kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm 50-60s ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Nws thawj qhov tshiab tshiab, Ferdydurka, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo loj. Nws mus ib txhis faib lub ntiaj teb kev sau ntawv ntawm Poland mus rau cov neeg qhuas thiab cov neeg thuam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, ntawm lawv yog lwm tus kws sau ntawv Polish.
Ib hlis ua ntej pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Gombrowicz caij nkoj mus rau Argentina, qhov chaw nws nyob hauv kev tawm tsam thaum muaj kev tsov rog ntau xyoo. Tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua phem, tus kws sau ntawv paub tias nws txoj haujlwm tsis nco qab hauv tsev, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim los yeej koob meej nyob txawv teb chaws. Tsuas yog nyob rau nruab nrab-1950s tau ua nws cov haujlwm qub pib rov luam tawm hauv tebchaws Poland.
Nyob rau hauv lub 60s, nws cov koob meej tau rov qab los, feem ntau vim yog cov tshiab tshiab "Cosmos" thiab "Pornography", uas yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, Witold Gombrowicz tseem yog ib tug tswv ntawm cov lus thiab ib tug philosopher uas muaj ntau tshaj ib zaug nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cav nrog keeb kwm.
YVishnevsky Janusz
Ob peb tus kws sau ntawv Polish niaj hnub no muaj npe nrov hauv ntiaj teb li Janusz Wisniewski. Txawm hais tias tam sim no nws nyob hauv Frankfurt am Main, nws tej hauj lwm yeej ib txwm muaj xim los ntawm lub cim ntxim nyiam ntawm Polish prose, nws ua yeeb yam thiab lyricism.
Vishnevsky thawj zaug tshiab "Kev kho siab nyob hauv Net" hais txog kev hlub virtual tau ua rau lub ntiaj teb tawg. Phau ntawv yog ib tug muag khoom zoo tshaj plaws tau peb xyoos, nws tau ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab muab txhais ua ntau hom lus.
Txawm li cas los xij, thiab tom qabtus sau tej hauj lwm tsis tso cov neeg nyeem tsis txaus siab, vim nws sau txog kev hlub, hais txog lub zog ntawm qhov kev xav no thiab nws qhov tsis muaj zog, txog txhua yam uas paub rau cov neeg nyeem, tab sis qee zaum nws tsis tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv cov lus.
Khmelevskaya Joanna
Cov hauj lwm ntawm Mrs. Khmelevskaya tsis suav hais tias yog cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseeb, thiab nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim tias nws hom yog ib zaj dab neeg uas tsis txaus ntseeg. Txawm li cas los xij, nws lub koob meej tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub. Khmelevskaya cov phau ntawv tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam tsis yog vim qhov kev xav thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm cov dab neeg tshawb nrhiav, tab sis kuj yog vim qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm nws cov cim. Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm ntau phau ntawv yog sau los ntawm tus sau - siab tawv, ironic, ntse, tsis paub qab hau, Pani John tshuav tsis muaj leej twg indifferent. Tus so Khmelevskaya sau tawm los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, cov txheeb ze thiab cov npoj yaig. Raws li qhov kev xav ntawm nws txoj kev npau suav, ntau tus neeg raug tsim txom lossis ua txhaum cai thiab, raws li lawv tom qab sau nrog luag, tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm daim duab yuam kev.
Nws tus kheej lub neej cuam tshuam nws ntau zaj dab neeg - kev sib hlub, kev sib tham kiv taub hau, mus ncig thiab tsis tshua zoo siab cov xwm txheej ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, txoj haujlwm ntawm Warsaw, txoj hmoo kev lag luam nyuaj hauv lub tebchaws. Tag nrho cov no coj mus rau nws cov phau ntawv uas hais lus zoo thiab kev lom zem uas nthuav dav dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm nws lub tebchaws.
Pom zoo:
Muag Khoom Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Cov Qauv Suab Nkauj, Kev Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij thiab Kev Muag Khoom
Ntau lub sijhawm dhau los, tib neeg tsis siv discs, cassettes lossis cov ntaub ntawv yas, nyiam mloog nkauj hauv Is Taws Nem. Thiab tsuas yog cov kiv cua nyiam tshaj plaws tau luam tawm ntawm lub cev tawm, vim tias txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa tus kws kos duab thiab ua rau lub cim xeeb ntawm cov khoom tom ntej. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov qeb duas ntawm cov khoom muag zoo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, cia mus
Tus kws sau ntawv twg tau sau phau ntawv tshaj plaws? Leej twg sau cov lus tshaj plaws?
Kev ntaus nqi ntawm cov kws sau ntawv los ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau. Thiab tseem yog tus kws sau ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, uas tsis yog tus kws sau ntawv hauv qhov kev nkag siab ib txwm
Rapper quotes: nqe lus, kab lus ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo, cov npe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab lawv cov kws sau
Hip-hop tau ntev tsis yog ib txoj kev kab lis kev cai xwb. Rap tam sim no yog hom suab paj nruag nrov tshaj plaws, muaj ntau hom suab thiab cov ntsiab lus semantic. Tau kawg, cov nkauj ruam lossis txawv txawv heev muaj nyob hauv ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Tab sis qee zaum quotes los ntawm Lavxias teb sab rappers tsuas yog amazing nyob rau hauv lawv qhov tob
Suab nkauj ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Askiv, ua haujlwm, cov kws sau ntawv Askiv nto moo
Zaj lus no yuav hais txog cov neeg uas tau muab ib yam dab tsi rau peb yam tsis muaj uas peb lub neej niaj hnub no yuav zoo li peb ib yam dab tsi khoob thiab grey. Nws yuav yog hais txog Askiv composers ntawm classical music thiab dab tsi classical English music txhais tau rau peb
Cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws: txhais, kev taw qhia hauv kev kos duab, nta ntawm cov duab thiab cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws
Abstract art, uas tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab, yog ib qho kev taw qhia uas tau tso tseg cov ntawv uas ze rau qhov tseeb li sai tau. Tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus to taub, nws muab impetus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cubism thiab expressionism. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm abstractionism yog tsis-objectivity, uas yog, tsis muaj ib tug recognizable khoom nyob rau hauv lub canvas, thiab cov neeg tuaj saib pom ib yam dab tsi incomprehensible thiab dhau qhov kev tswj ntawm logic, uas yog tshaj li ib txwm kev xaav
