Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj nyob hauv kev yees duab - nta, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj nyob hauv kev yees duab - nta, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj

Video: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj nyob hauv kev yees duab - nta, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj

Video: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj nyob hauv kev yees duab - nta, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj
Video: Ib Tug Ntxhais Lub Neej Tu Siab (Sad Story) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav sim qhia koj kom meej ntau li ntau tau txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv kev yees duab, floristry, tsim, architecture thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, nrog rau seb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab yuav kawm li cas xav thiab nkag siab.

Yuav ua li cas yog

txoj cai golden
txoj cai golden

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias lub luag haujlwm dab tsi ua tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov no yog ib qho kev npaj ntawm cov khoom, uas tso cai rau koj los qhia lub tswv yim ntawm tus creator nrog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tiav, thaum muab nws ib tug holistic kev sib sau. Ib tus neeg twg uas ntau dua lossis tsawg dua kev tshaj lij pib ua haujlwm hauv txhua qhov kev kos duab yuav tsum paub txog cov hauv paus ntawm kev sib xyaw. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, cov kev daws teeb meem sib xyaw tuaj yeem muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab nthuav.

Laws of composition

Muaj ntau ntau txoj cai ntawm kev kos duab kos duab uas siv rau hauv ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. Ua ntej, nws yog txoj cai ntawm kev ncaj ncees, los ntawm kev thov uas tus kws kos duab tuaj yeem tsim kev nkag siab ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tag nrho. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm noTxoj cai lij choj yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ua rau tsis pom, yog li cov duab hauv daim duab tsis tuaj yeem pom tau tias yog cov lej ntawm ob peb qhov ntau dua lossis tsawg dua kev ywj pheej.

Txoj cai tom ntej ntawm qhov sib txawv qhia tias lawv yog ob qho tib si sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam, ua rau kev txav mus los thiab kev loj hlob ntawm zaj dab neeg. Muaj ntau ntau hom - lub suab, xim sib txawv ntawm cov duab, lub xeev thiab kab, thiab lwm yam. Lawv yog ib qho kev qhia tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm.

painting los ntawm Kandinsky
painting los ntawm Kandinsky

Txoj cai ntawm subordination nyob rau hauv lub composition txiav txim siab lub hwj chim ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm tus sau ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov depicted khoom. Nrog kev pab los ntawm txoj cai lij choj no, tus kws kos duab tuaj yeem nthuav tawm nws lub tswv yim, muab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov tshwm sim - uas yog, ua tiav cov haujlwm nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm sab ntsuj plig, yam tsis muaj qhov khoom siv tes ua zoo tib yam.

Thiab, thaum kawg, lub npe hu ua txoj cai ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev sau ntawv hauv kev kos duab. Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: yog tias ib qho khoom ntawm lub canvas nyob deb ntawm lub thav duab (uas yog, los ntawm cov ciam teb ntawm daim duab), ces nws yog perceived nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog tias nws nyob ze ntawm tus ncej, nws zoo li nws nyob hauv lossis tsis deb ntawm lub dav hlau ciam teb.

Yog li, peb tau kov cov hauv paus hauv kev kos duab kos duab. Nyob rau hauv seem seem ntawm tsab xov xwm, peb yuav txav mus rau cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm kev muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev kos duab.

Lub hauv paus ntawm kev sau hauv kev yees duab

nkoj thaum hnub poob
nkoj thaum hnub poob

Yuav kom lub thav duab ua tiav thiab nyiam cov neeg saib, koj yuav tsum ua raws li ob peb txoj cai,uas koj tuaj yeem qhia cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab hais txog lawv cov yam ntxwv.

Ua ntej, xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau qhov sib piv: cov khoom siv lub teeb yuav tsum raug tua tawm tsam tom qab tsaus ntuj, thiab rov ua dua, vim tias cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau sib cais tam sim ntawm qhov chaw dav dav (txawm tias muaj qee qhov kev zam rau txoj cai no). Yog tias koj yees duab ib tug neeg, nws tsis pom zoo kom ua qhov no tiv thaiv cov yeeb yuj keeb kwm yav dhau - txwv tsis pub cov ntsiab lus yuav tsis pom tseeb. Nws kuj yog qhov tsis tsim nyog los tua tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu tiv thaiv keeb kwm xim av lossis daj, txwv tsis pub cov duab yuav zoo li tsis zoo.

Cov ntsiab lus tua uas ua rau tag nrho cov phiaj xwm yuav tsum tsis txhob muab faib ua ntu zus thoob plaws qhov chaw. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab kev yees duab kos duab qhia tias nws yuav zoo dua yog tias lawv tsim qee cov duab geometric yooj yim - daim duab peb sab, square, rhombus. Qhov no zoo li zoo dua. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom muaj qee qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom hauv daim duab, kom lawv sib koom ua ke los ntawm cov xim, duab, lossis, piv txwv li, kab pom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo los npaj lawv raws li qhov sib piv golden, uas tseem yog lub hauv paus hauv kev kos duab, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab architecture. Yog tias koj tso koj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib feem peb ntawm txoj kev ncig ntawm tus ncej.

Yog tias lub thav duab muaj cov khoom ntsug feem ntau, nws yog qhov zoo dua los thaij duab rau lawv vertically. Raws li, yog tias koj tab tom tua toj roob hauv pes, kab rov tav tua yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.

Zoo kawg nkaus

neeg nqa daim iav
neeg nqa daim iav

Nyob ntawm hom kev yees duab, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Yog li, txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev vam meej portrait, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los nrhiav qhov taw tes ntawm theem ntawm tus neeg lub qhov muag. Yog tias qhov no yog ib nrab-ntev portrait, ces nws muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua los nrhiav nws ntawm qib ntawm txoj siv. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los khaws lub lens ntawm theem ntawm cov khoom raug txhaj tshuaj, vim hais tias, piv txwv li, kev yees duab ib tug neeg los ntawm saum toj no, koj yuav pom qhov txo qis ntawm nws qhov siab. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tsiaj thiab menyuam yaus - nws yog qhov zoo dua los thaij duab ntawm lawv, nqis mus rau theem ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Tab sis yog tias koj xav ua kom cov duab zoo nkauj dua thiab majestic, ces koj tuaj yeem tua cov khoom ntawm qhov qis. Kev txhaj tshuaj zoo tshwj xeeb yog siv cov txheej txheem no yog cov uas muaj qhov ua kom muaj zog, xws li seev cev lossis kev sib tw nees.

Yuav ua kom yooj yim rau tus neeg saib kom pom cov ncej, sim ua kom lub qab ntug tsis faib cov duab ua ob qhov sib npaug.

Ntseeg ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb

Thaum tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb, nws tsim nyog xav tias peb tau siv los nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm sab xis mus rau sab laug. Vim li no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej ntawm sab xis ntawm daim duab. Thiab txhawm rau ua kom muaj qhov sib npaug, yog tias muaj xim ci xim nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm daim duab, tom qab ntawd hauv lwm qhov nws tsim nyog muab qhov zoo sib xws lossis lwm yam uas yuav nyiam cov neeg saib, piv txwv li, kev ua thiab kev txav.

Los ntawm txoj kev, xws li kev txav mus los: yog tias nws nyob hauv koj daim duab, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso cov khoom txav mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm nws.yeej muaj chaw rau nws mus.

Thaum yees duab tib neeg, ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau muab coj los rau hauv tus account, uas feem ntau plam los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev paub, thiab qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib xyaw - nws yog qhov tsis xav tau "txiav" tib neeg cov ceg. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los thaij duab tag nrho cov duab tag nrho, lossis txiav nws ntawm theem ntawm lub duav. Nws yog qhov tseeb dua los txiav caj npab mus rau lub xub pwg nyom, tab sis tsis muaj rau tes.

Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cai tsim qhov chaw khoob loj hauv tus ncej - tiaj lossis dej. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso tej yam khoom haum rau lub ntsiab hauv cov voids no.

Cov no yog cov kev cai yooj yim tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum ua raws li kom ua kom daim duab ua tiav thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog kev sau ntawv hauv ntau phau ntawv ntawm cov ncauj lus, xws li Mark Geiler's Fundamentals of Composition thiab Artistic Photography.

Kev sib sau hauv floristry

Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv floristry, kuj tseem muaj ob peb txoj cai uas yuav tsum tau ua. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb zoo nkauj, lawv siv tib txoj cai classic ntawm "golden seem", uas nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no siv rau ob lub paj thiab lub vase uas nws nyob. Yog hais tias peb conditionally faib tag nrho qhov siab mus rau hauv yim qhov chaw, tsuas yog peb ntawm lawv yuav tsum poob rau ntawm lub vase, thiab tus so - ntawm paj lawv tus kheej. Nrog rau txoj kab rov tav ntawm cov floristic muaj pes tsawg leeg, tib txoj cai siv.

floristic muaj pes tsawg leeg
floristic muaj pes tsawg leeg

Nyob rau hauv ib lub pob paj yuav tsum muaj ib tug focal point uas tus neeg saib xyuas yog kos, piv txwv li, ibib tug loj ci paj los yog, conversely, ib pawg me me nyob ze rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub vase. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kom nws loj heev, thiaj li tsis mus lwj tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thaum kawg. Rhythm kuj tseem ceeb hauv nws, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov xim thiab cov duab, hloov qhov loj ntawm paj.

Yog tsis muaj kev poob siab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov khoom xyaw zoo li sib npaug thiab sib npaug. Cov nyhuv no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev pom cov tswv yim - piv txwv li, cov paj tsaus zoo li hnyav dua li lub teeb, thiab cov puag ncig zoo li loj dua cov tubular. Yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ruaj khov ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw kom nws tsis "kawg", txawm tias nws yog asymmetrical. Ua li no, tso cov paj loj rau hauv qab ntawm lub paj. Los ntawm txoj kev, bouquets asymmetric feem ntau ua raws li txoj cai ntawm peb daim duab peb sab uas muaj ib sab, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj.

Koj kuj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov qauv xim, xa mus rau cov xim tsis hloov pauv, uas muaj tag nrho cov xim sov thiab txias ntawm zaj sawv spectrum thiab qhia lawv qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws. Cov xim sov visually enliven cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, thaum cov xim txias ua rau nws calmer thiab sib npaug.

Kev sib sau hauv architecture

Hais txog lub hauv paus ntawm architectural muaj pes tsawg leeg, ib tug yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm peb hom - frontal, tob-spatial thiab peb-dimensional.

daim duab vaj tsev
daim duab vaj tsev

Pem hauv ntej muaj pes tsawg leeg hais txog feem ntau rau cov phiaj xwm facades ntawm cov tsev, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws yog kab rov tav thiab ntsug. Ib tug thib peb coordinate tshwm nyob rau hauv lub ntim, tso caikom pom lub tsev nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tob muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev txuas ntxiv ntawm lub tsev mus rau qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw yog coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Lub ntsej muag sab nraud ntawm lub tsev - sab nrauv - ib txwm nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev, uas yog, ntawm nws qhov tsos (sab hauv). Muaj ntau ntau hom kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm sab hauv:

  • hall, thaum txhua chav sib xyaw ua ke;
  • centric, thaum cov chav me nyob ib ncig ntawm chav loj;
  • enfilade, qhov twg cov chav nyob ib tom qab;
  • txoj hauv kev, qhov chaw nyob ntawm ob sab ntawm txoj kev sib txuas;
  • sectional, thaum cov chav cais ntawm ib leeg;
  • mixed, combining tag nrho cov saum toj no ntau yam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub nroog yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hu ua, uas yog kev sib txuas ntawm ntau lub tsev thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tau muab faib ua ntau hom: qhov chaw dawb, tsis muaj kev txwv los ntawm tsis muaj dab tsi, qhov kev xav ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig (piv txwv li, squares, qhov chaw txwv los ntawm cov tuam tsev lossis chaw ntsuab), nrog rau lub panorama qhov twg lub silhouette ntawm lub tsev plays lub ntsiab. luag.

Txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev sau ntawv

Yog tias peb tham txog cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv architecture, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov no yog cov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub tsev, kom ua tiav txoj cai "golden section" txoj cai, tsim los ntawm Leonardo da Vinci, feem ntau. siv. Txhua lub tsev yog ib txwm txuas nrog txiv neej, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau proportionate rau nws. Rhythm, ibuas haum cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv, tuaj yeem muab qhov sib txawv mus ob peb vas - los ntawm dynamic mus rau gloomy solemn. Cov tswv yim zoo sib xws kuj tau siv los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv kev tsim txuj ci, ntawm no nws tau ua tiav siv qee qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov xim, duab thiab ntim. Ntau yam kuj nyob ntawm symmetry lossis asymmetry, nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kws tsim qauv. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo tagnrho muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiaj li hais tias cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ua tau zoo sib xws.

Design: composition

Cov kev cai tib yam siv rau thaj chaw no ib yam li lwm tus. Lub chaw geometric kuj tseem ceeb, uas feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ob kab kab pheeb ces kaum los ntawm kaum rau kaum. Lub hauv paus kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsis sib haum nrog nws - qee zaum nws yog txhob txwm hloov los tsim cov teebmeem dynamic. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov duab coincides nrog lub semantic. Ntau txoj hauv kev yog siv los ua kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov chaw - nthuav dav nrog cov xim lossis lub teeb, qhov loj thiab cov duab.

schematic noog
schematic noog

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib xyaw hauv kev kos duab xav tau cov kev paub hauv qab no: kev sib xyaw ua ke, tsis zoo li cov khoom siv zoo li qub, qee zaum muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim, vim lawv ua rau muaj kev koom tes ntau dua hauv cov neeg saib.

Symmetry feem ntau tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem rau leej twg, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog asymmetry: xws li kev sib xyaw yuav tsum ua tib zoo sib npaug, vim feem ntau, qhov sib npaug yog tus yuam sij rau kev xav txaus siab ntawm daim duab. Qhov no tshuav nyiaj li casua tiav siv qhov sib piv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg, cov duab thiab xim ntawm cov khoom.

Graphic design kuj siv lub suab thiab ntsuas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub rhythmic series txhais tau hais tias rov ua dua, uas yog raws li kev hloov ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov metric series txhais tau hais tias qhov rov ua dua ntawm pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si ntawm cov txheej txheem no tau paub rau tib neeg txij li thaum ub thiab pab txhim kho qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig.

Yuav kom ua tiav qhov kev tsis pom ntawm qhov chaw, ib qho ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib xyaw hauv kev tsim qauv yog xim thiab kev pom dav dav. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tom kawg yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias qhov hnyav ntawm ntau yam contrasts yog pronounced tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv visually ze rau tus saib. Qhov deb ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm no contrasts. Yog li ntawd, thaum cov khoom txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw duab, cov xim tsis muaj zog thiab ua kom txias. Yog li, cov qauv no tso cai rau koj los tsim qhov illusion ntawm qhov dav thiab nrug. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog los txiav txim siab hauv cov duab kos duab, qhov twg xim plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Ib ob peb lo lus xaus

Cov kab lus qhia tsuas yog cov kev cai yooj yim tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum tsim cov khoom sib xyaw - qhov tseeb muaj ntau ntau ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv qhov kawg, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov: txawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib xyaw yog qhov tseeb nws cov cai, lawv tsis tas yuav ua kom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej koj rhuav tshem lawv, koj yuav tsum kawm cov cai no kom zoo thiab kawm paub siv lawv li cas. Raws li koj tau pom, lub hauv paus ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv kev yees duab, painting, architecture, thiab tsim yog tib yam thiab intertwined.

Pom zoo: