Yuav ua li cas thiab lawv txoj haujlwm. Lavxias teb sab Wanderers ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov keeb kwm uas Cov Neeg Ntseeg tau tso tseg yog qhov zoo thiab muaj ntau yam. Nws yog lawv uas tau pib piav txog tib neeg hauv lawv cov duab kos duab, lawv txoj kev ua neej, kev lis kev cai, kev paub thiab lub siab lub ntsws. Ntawm lub canvases ntawm Wanderers, koj tuaj yeem pom cov scenes los ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, personifying lub unbending zog ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm tib neeg. Ntawm cov masterpieces ntawm lub sijhawm no, kuj muaj cov duab ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab cov nom tswv.

History of the Partnership

Cov Wanderers yog thawj tus neeg Lavxias tiag tiag. Lawv sib txawv lawv cov hauj lwm nrog nruj kev kawm canons, deb ntawm niaj hnub kev muaj tiag thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm lub neej niaj hnub. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Ncig Tebchaws tau teeb tsa hauv St. Petersburg. Keeb kwm ntawm lub zej zog no yog nthuav. Xyoo 1863, kaum plaub ntawm cov kawm tiav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Academy of Arts tau thov kev tso cai los ntawm kev tswj hwm kom xaiv lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab sib tw. Tom qab tau txais kev tsis lees paub, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hluas, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, tawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, npaj cov artel dawb. Nyob rau hauv 1870, nyob rau hauv lub teg num ntawm V. Perov, ua ke nrog cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow, lawv tsim lub Association ntawm Traveling Exhibition. Ua ntejLub exposition tau qhib nyob rau hauv 1871. Nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm, cov tub ntxhais hluas realists nrhiav kev qhia txog lub neej tiag tiag ntawm kev txom nyem tas li thiab kev tsim txom cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm cov nplua nuj thiab cov tswv tsev. Kev nthuav qhia los ntawm Wanderers tau ua tiav zoo, thiab ntawm feem ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov pejxeem.

Rau tag nrho lub neej ntawm lub koom haum, plaub caug yim exhibitions tau muaj nyob rau hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg, Riga, Yaroslavl, Tula, Saratov, Chisinau, Kazan, Kursk, Voronezh, Poltava, Kharkov, Odessa, Kyiv thiab lwm lub nroog. "Cov neeg nthuav tawm" kuj tau pib tshwm sim hauv cov nroog me, cov zos thiab cov zos. Txoj kev pom kev ntawm cov neeg sawv daws yog ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim nrhiav los ntawm Wanderers. Cov npe ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lub zej zog no suav nrog cov sculptors zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg pleev kob ntawm lub xyoo pua cuaj txog rau nees nkaum xyoo pua. Ntawm lawv yog cov paub zoo G. G. Myasoedov, V. Petrov, I. Kramskoy, K. Savitsky, G. Savrasov, A. Kuindzhi, I. Shishkin, I. Repin, V. Vasnetsov, I. Levitan, S. Ivanov, A. Arkhipov thiab lwm cov duab tseem ceeb.

Creative activity

Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 29, 1871, qhov qhib thawj zaug mus ncig ua si tau tshwm sim hauv St. Lub exhibition featured ua hauj lwm los ntawm kaum rau paintings. Plaub caug xya canvases tau muab tso rau cov neeg tuaj saib txiav txim. Tom qab ntawd, twb nyob rau hauv Moscow, tus naj npawb ntawm exhibition paintings mus txog 82. Cov tib exposition tom qab tau pauv mus rau Kyiv thiab Kharkov. Xws li paintings los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Wanderers li "May Night" (I. Kramskoy), "Hunters at So", "Portrait of a Merchant I. S. Kamynin","Tus Neeg nuv ntses", "Portrait ntawm A. N. Ostrovsky" (V. G. Perov), "Rooks Tau Los" (A. Savrasova), "Cov Txiv Neej Tsis Muaj" (I. Pryanishnikov) tau nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias kos duab. Nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm, cov realists cia siab tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub domestic painting, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub achievements ntawm classical thiab niaj hnub ntiaj teb no kos duab. Ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo tau mus xyuas txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub Academy of Arts, qhov uas lawv tau txais kev paub ntawm lawv cov npoj yaig, kawm painting ntawm ntau yam eras thiab yeej. Lawv paub txog lawv cov kev soj ntsuam thiab kev xav ntawm qhov lawv pom hauv lawv tej hauj lwm. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Wanderers feem ntau txiav txim siab qhov kev txav ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev kos duab ntawm lub kaum cuaj-thwentieth centuries.

Aleksey Savrasov

Tsev neeg pleev kob. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Wanderers. Nyob rau hauv 1844, tawm tsam nws txiv lub siab nyiam, cov tub ntxhais hluas artist nkag mus rau lub painting tsev kawm ntawv, uas nws ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1850. Thawj qhov chaw ntawm Alexei Kondratievich - "Saib ntawm Kremlin hauv huab cua tsis zoo", "Saib Moscow los ntawm Sparrow Hills" - yog imbued nrog cov tswv yim ntawm romanticism. Savrasov nquag koom nyob rau hauv exhibitions, qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Sculpture thiab painting. Nyob rau hauv 1862, nws mus txawv tebchaws, qhov chaw uas nws mus xyuas lub London Art Exhibition, Paris, Munich, Dresden, Berlin, Copenhagen, thiab lwm yam. German thiab lus Askiv paintings tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam cov xim ntawm cov artist nrog lawv cov kev ntshaw rau kev ywj pheej thiab qhov tseeb. Lub sijhawm no, Alexei Kondratievich tau sau ib qho ntawm nws cov duab nto moo - "Elk Island", uas tom qab ntawd nws tau txais khoom plig ntawm kev sib tw.hauv Moscow. Txij li thaum 1870, nws thiab nws tus poj niam tau mus ncig teb chaws Russia (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Novgorod). Nws qhia nws cov kev xav ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm nws haiv neeg nyob rau hauv paintings. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas lub "Spill of the Volga" thiab "Cov Rooks Tau Tuaj" tshwm. Nws yog cov paintings uas tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv thawj exhibition tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Wanderers. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv lub 870s, kev ntxhov siab vim thiab kev tu siab yog ntau thiab ntau dua: "Sunset over the swamp", "Moonlit night", "graves over the Volga", "Rye". Tus kws kos duab tau siv xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej hauv kev xav tau tob.

Ivan Shishkin

Tswv Ntuj cov npe yog paub deb dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm Niam Txiv. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov no yog I. Shishkin. Nws yog nrog nws lub npe hais tias keeb kwm ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes tau txuas nrog, nws cov kev tsim tau dhau los ua lub teb chaws classics thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig loj heev. Lub neej yav tom ntej tus kws kos duab yug hauv lub nroog me me ntawm Yelabuga hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov tub lag luam hauv xyoo 1832. Nyob rau hauv 1848 nws nkag mus rau lub Kazan Gymnasium, tab sis tsis kawm tiav los ntawm nws. Rov qab mus tsev, ntev mus nrhiav nws txoj hauv kev yav tom ntej. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog nees nkaum xyoo, cov tub ntxhais hluas Shishkin nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm painting, qhov uas nws plunges headlong rau hauv kev kawm thiab creativity. Tus kws kos duab yog niaj hnub painting. Nws yog kev tshoov siab los ntawm xwm, hav zoov thiab lub zos toj roob hauv pes, lub neej neeg ua liaj ua teb. Thawj qhov haujlwm ntawm Shishkin uas tau nqis los rau peb lub sijhawm yog Pine on a Rock. Cov roj painting tau pleev xim rau hauv 1855. Nyob rau hauv 1856 Ivan Ivanovich nkag mus rau lub Academy of Arts (Petersburg). Nws cov hauj lwm thaum ntxov yog imbued nrog romance. Xyoo 1858, nws pleev xim rau ib qho ntawm nws cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws, Saib ntawm Island of Valaam. IbQhov no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1860 ntawm ib tug kev kawm exhibition, nws tau txais ib tug puav pheej kub. Tom qab kawm tiav Academy (1860), Shishkin mus txawv tebchaws. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws tsim ib tug zoo-paub masterpiece "Saib nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Düsseldorf", nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug exhibition nyob rau hauv Paris. Thaum rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws, Ivan Ivanovich tau nyob ze rau I. Kramskoy, tus tsim ntawm Artel of Artists. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, nws tau pleev xim rau ntau thaj chaw ("Nyob ze ntawm Moscow", "Deforestation", "Nkoj Grove", "kwj hauv hav zoov"). Nws niaj hnub nthuav tawm nws cov haujlwm ntawm kev nthuav tawm los ntawm Lavxias Wanderers. Txog niaj hnub no, tus kws kos duab toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj no nrov heev.

YIvan Nikolaevich Kramskoy

Lavxias teb sab Wanderers ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th tsim ib lub portrait loj loj. Nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm lawv depicted cov neeg zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub teb chaws, tseem ceeb cov duab ntawm science thiab kab lis kev cai. Muaj ntau masterpieces tau commissioned los ntawm tus paub zoo philanthropist thiab collector P. Tretyakov. I. Kramskoy yog ib tug neeg pleev kob zoo nkauj tiag tiag. Lub zog ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm lub ci ntsa iab artist thiab psychologist tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub portrait ntawm Leo Tolstoy. Qhov no masterpiece tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1873 hauv Yasnaya Polyana. Tus kws kos duab coj mus rau qhov tseeb thiab txawj ntse lub siab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Cov duab ntawm tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhov sib txawv (qhov tseem ceeb sab hauv thiab sab nraud simplicity). Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm ntawm Kramskoy yog painting "Inconsolable tu siab", uas qhia qhov tob ntawm niam txoj kev xav. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1860-1870, nws nquag koom nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm exhibitions, uas yog tuav los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam. Wanderers. Kramskoy txoj hauj lwm "Christ in the Desert" tau nthuav tawm ntawm qhov thib ob nthuav tawm. Tus kws kos duab keeb kwm yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam: "Woodsman", "Unknown", "Peasant with a bridle", etc.

Ilya Efimovich Repin

Tej zaum qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting yog painting "Barge Haulers". Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, tus kws kos duab vividly pom cov duab ntawm tib neeg. Ua ntej Repin, tsis muaj leej twg tau hais txog qhov xwm txheej zoo li no thiab txaus ntshai heev. Nyob rau hauv no masterpiece, tus kws kos duab qhia nws paub txog tag nrho cov txhais tau tias ntawm kos duab rau perfection. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb tsim ntawm Repin yog "Cov txheej txheem hauv lub xeev Kursk." Sau nyob rau hauv 1883, daim duab attracts nrog ib tug txawv txawv pictorial thiab compositional tov. Kev cai dab qhuas txheej txheem piav qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab qhia txog cov duab ntawm lub zos nrog tag nrho nws pawg thiab cov chav kawm. Nrog kev hlub tshwj xeeb thiab kev khuv leej, tus sau tau tswj kom kos cov duab ntawm cov neeg peasants. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv cov neeg pleev kob ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv. Nws tsim cov paintings "Nyob rau hauv escort", "Lawv tsis xav", "Tsis kam lees txim". Nyob rau hauv lub 1880s, Ilya Efimovich tig mus rau lub portrait hom, portraying cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub sij hawm, xws li D. Mendeleev, A. Delvig, M. Glinka thiab lwm yam.

YVasily Maksimovich Maksimov

Nws tau txais nws thawj qhov kev txawj ntse hauv kev cob qhia icon-painting. Vasily Maksimovich kawm tiav los ntawm St. Petersburg Art Academy nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm painting keeb kwm. Tus kws kos duab mob siab rau tag nrho nws cov hauj lwm rau cov duab ntawm tus thawjneeg ntiaj teb no. Nws paintings tsis amaze nrog lub sharpness ntawm cov phiaj xwm thiab ci xim. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsuas yog nyiam cov neeg nyiam kos duab. Nws cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog: "Txhua yam yav dhau los", "tus txiv mob", "Tsev neeg seem". Zoo li ntau lwm tus Wanderers ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Vasily Maksimovich hauv nws txoj haujlwm tau nrhiav kev cuam tshuam txog cov tswv yim muaj tswv yim thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws lub sijhawm ntau npaum li qhov ua tau.

YVasily Perov

YYug hauv Tobolsk xyoo 1834. Thaum nws tseem hluas, cov tub ntxhais hluas artist nkag mus rau Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Painting. Nws thawj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog "Kev tuaj txog ntawm tub ceev xwm rau kev tshawb nrhiav." Masterpieces sau nyob rau hauv nws cov yau xyoo yog ib tug loj loj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv kev mus ncig ua si exhibitions. Tsis ntev, Vasily Grigorievich tau txais ib qho khoom plig kub rau cov duab "Sermon in the Village". Nws thawj paintings qhia txog kev coj tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus sau. Ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm qhov no yog "Ntiaj Teb Txheej Txheem rau Easter", "Sermon in the Village", thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, Perov ua tus neeg pleev kob duab kos duab. Nws muaj portraits ntawm F. Dostoevsky thiab A. Ostrovsky. Nws yog Vasily Grigorievich uas yog ib tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes.

Abram Efimovich Arkhipov

Tus kws kos duab no muaj qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev pleev xim rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Nyob rau hauv nws masterpieces, Arkhipov piav txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob deb nroog yooj yim raws li qhov tseeb li sai tau. Nws paintings "Rov qab", "On the Oka", tau txais kev lees paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Hauv qee qhov ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, nws qhiaCov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ("Washerwomen", "Laundrywomen", thiab lwm yam), piav qhia txog cov neeg ua haujlwm nyuaj.