Bashkir ornament. Bashkir ornaments thiab qauv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Bashkir ornaments thiab qauv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv kab lis kev cai thiab tib lub sij hawm ib qho ntawm cov qauv ntawm sab ntsuj plig creativity ntawm cov neeg ntawm Bashkortostan. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, kev kos duab pej xeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau pua xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob: nyob rau hauv ornamentation, nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg qauv, nyob rau hauv cov xim, nyob rau hauv lawv ua ke, craftsmen figuratively xav txog lub neej ntawm tib neeg thiab lawv kev nkag siab ntawm ib puag ncig kev muaj tiag ntawm ntau theem ntawm keeb kwm.

Txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kab lis kev cai

Bashkir ornament, cov tswv yim ntawm ornamentation, xim, terminology ntawm cov qauv yog ib qho kev xav ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm haiv neeg keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Bashkir. Qhov no cuam tshuam txog nws keeb kwm, haiv neeg txheej txheem hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog, kev coj noj coj ua thaum ub thiab niaj hnub thiab keeb kwm cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg nyob sib ze. Kev kos duab zoo, rau ntau qhov laj thawj, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo ntawm cov khoom dai, yog puv thiabQhov tseem ceeb tshaj li ntau lwm yam khoom siv kab lis kev cai, nws dais cov cim ntawm ntau lub sijhawm thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau haiv neeg.

Lub teb chaws ornaments thiab cov qauv tuaj yeem pom ntawm yuav luag txhua yam khoom tsim los ntawm kev saib xyuas tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pej xeem:

• khoom siv tawv, cov khoom siv zoo nkauj ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntuj;
• tais, khoom siv hauv tsev;
• painting, drawings, engravings, printing thiab lwm yam.

ntaub pua plag

Cov khoom dai ntawm cov neeg Bashkir tshwj xeeb yog pom meej hauv cov ntaub pua plag. Patterned ntaub pua plag yog ib feem ntawm tus ntxhais lub dowry. Cov kab txaij tau tshwm sim thoob plaws sab qab teb Bashkiria thiab ntawm Bashkir cov pej xeem ntawm thaj av Kurgan. Nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob, sab hnub poob thiab ib nrab hauv nruab nrab ntawm Bashkiria, hauv cov bass ntawm Dema thiab Ik dej ntws, nrog rau hauv nruab nrab thiab qis dua ntawm tus dej Belaya, cov ntaub pua plag nrog cov qauv geometric feem ntau yog woven.

Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws, cov paj paj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm curls thiab ceg nrog paj, nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv apples, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog ib qho tshiab, niaj hnub theem nyob rau hauv evolution ntawm ornament thiab qauv ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Bashkiria.

kab laum

Cov ntaub pua plag nrog cov kab txaij yog woven hauv cov vaj huam sib luag 20-22 cm dav. Cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub pua plag yog yooj yim - nws yog longitudinal, serrated los yog dumulticolor kab txaij. Ib qho yooj yim striped Bashkir ornament qhia tias qhov no yog hom ntaub pua plag qub tshaj plaws.

Cov ntaub pua plag nrog cov duab geometric thiab paj

Lawv yog sewn ua ke los ntawm ob, qee zaum peb woven panels 40-60 cm dav thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim ciam teb. Cov ciam teb feem ntau yog woven nrog ib daim ntaub nyias nyias thiab nrog ib tug qauv me ntsis txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub hauv paus teb. Qee lub sij hawm cov ntaub pua plag tsis muaj ciam teb tag nrho.

Bashkir ornament ntawm cov ntaub pua plag nrog cov qauv geometric feem ntau yog rectilinear, nrog cov duab meej. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog ledge multicolored rhombuses, squares, yim-taw lub hnub qub thiab lwm yam duab uas sau cov ornamented teb ntawm cov ntaub pua plag nyob rau hauv tsis tu ncua kab. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tsim nyob rau hauv tib yam, tab sis cov duab me me. Ornamental ntsiab, yog hais tias cais, muaj nyob rau hauv ornamentation ntawm ntau lwm haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov xim zoo xaiv, lawv tsim cov xim zoo nkauj uas muab cov ornament ib cim Bashkir lub teb chaws tsw.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev txhais paj ntawm cov qauv geometric, cov txheej txheem ntawm ib txwm rhombus coj cov duab ntawm cov nplooj nrog nplooj, thiab lub hnub qub yim-taw yog txhais tias yog lub paj yim-petal.

xim

Lub Bashkir lub teb chaws ornaments muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov xim. Cov xim ntawm cov kab txaij yog liab, daj, ntsuab, xiav, xiav, ntshav thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub tones tob tshaj plaws nrog lub meej predominance ntawm cov xim.madder. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob siab rau tsis txhob rov ua dua ib leeg, weavers ua tiav ntau yam xim. Nrog rau qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws muaj pes tsawg leeg, los ntawm kev txawj xaiv thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim, lawv ua tau zoo kawg nkaus brilliance ntawm ornament.

Bashkir ornaments thiab cov qauv tseem pom muaj nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws cov khaub ncaws. Bashkirs ' fabrics ua los ntawm cov zaub fibers yog txawv los ntawm nplua nuj thiab muaj kua ornamentation, ntau yam kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Rau kev xaws khaub ncaws txhua hnub, cov khoom siv niaj hnub, lub npe hu ua motley tau ua - cov xim muaj xim hauv lub tawb lossis hauv ib lub strip. Festive thiab ceremonial khaub ncaws, khoom decorating lub tsev yog ornamented nrog cov qauv ntawm cov nqi tsev los yog tawg weaving (woven fabric).

Cov poj niam lub tsho, aprons, poj niam thiab txiv neej lub ris tau sewn los ntawm ntau hom ntaub. Tablecloths, phuam da dej, napkins, curtains, ntau lub hnab, thiab lwm yam yog tsim los ntawm nws. Hauv thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm Bashkiria thiab hauv Trans-Urals, motley yog woven hauv cov hlwb loj. Cov xim yog dominated liab, dawb thiab dub. Lub teb chaws ornament ntawm cov ntaub multicolored ntawm cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb yog qhov txawv ntawm cov qauv me me thiab ntau cov xim sib txawv. Feem ntau checkered patchwork, npaj rau aprons, tablecloths thiab curtains, tau dai kom zoo nkauj thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog martial qauv zoo li medallion rosettes.

Nyob ntawm ornament

Tsuas yog cov khoom zoo nkauj rau lub tsev tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv paj ntaub: ntaub, phuam da dej thiab ntaub pua rooj. ATornamentation ntawm cov khaub ncaws, cov txheej txheem qiv nyiaj tsis tau siv. Cov ntsiab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom dai uas ua nrog cov ntawv sau yog cov kab loj loj - qhov no yog ib qho zoo nkauj Bashkir. Kev kos duab ntawm cov kab no dhau los ua qhov nyuaj, lawv sib txuas nrog ib leeg, daim ntawv X-shaped, 3-puab, pob zeb diamond-puab, 8-zoo li tus duab thiab lwm cov qauv nyuaj. Lub hnub qub yim-taw tes, ntoo khaub lig, swastika, rhombus nrog txuas ntxiv los yog nrog ua ke curls ntawm cov ces kaum, cov duab zoo li lub cev yog cov yam ntxwv heev.

Paj ntaub

Kev lig kev cai, hauv Bashkiria, paj ntaub yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li cov qauv ntaub. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm cov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thaum koj tuaj yeem ua kom muaj tswv yim ntau dua. Weaving xav tau cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab looms, thiab nrog kev sib kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv npaj txhij, ua rau koj tus kheej ua ib qho anachronism. Tab sis paj ntaub tseem nyob rau hauv kev thov. Bashkir qauv thiab ornaments yog txawv los ntawm ntau yam. Cov qauv yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem paj ntaub thiab yuav ua li cas cov duab kos duab siv rau saum npoo kom embroidered.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom dai yog cov duab hauv daim duab ntawm cov ram horns, S-shaped kab, uas nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev sib txuas muab cov qauv hauv daim ntawv X, swastikas lossis daim ntawv cog lus stylized heev. Bashkir ornament yog embroidered ntawm daim ntaub, velvet, tsawg dua ntawm paj rwb ntaub nrog txhob lo lo ntxhuav, woolen los yog paj rwb xov. Cov qauv ntawm lub eeb ntaub yog feem ntau embroidered rau ntawm liab los yog ntsuab keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnab thiab cov hniav ribbons kuj muaj ib tug dub keeb kwm yav dhau, uas muab.qauv ntau brightness thiab muab lub suab meej ntawm txhua xim hauv cov qauv. Rau cov qauv lawv tus kheej, cov xim ntawm cov tones sov feem ntau yog xaiv, tab sis, raws li txoj cai, contrasting nrog keeb kwm yav dhau. Liab, daj, ntsuab feem ntau siv, thiab tsis tshua muaj xiav thiab xiav. Cov xim liab nyiam feem ntau pom ntawm cov qauv nrog keeb kwm liab.

ntoo

Carving, ornaments ntawm cov tais diav thiab pleev xim rau ntawm ntoo tsis tau dav li ntawm Bashkirs li, piv txwv li, paj ntaub lossis xaws. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog architectural carving, uas tshwm sim nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv Bashkiria los ntawm ib nrab xyoo pua 19th. Kev kos duab ntoo tau nthuav dav tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv roob hav zoov ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj Bashkiria, qhov chaw loj heev taiga hav zoov ntawm Southern Urals yog concentrated, uas muab ntau yam khoom siv raw rau "kev tsim ntoo."

Qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev muaj hav zoov tau ntev ua rau nws tsim nyog thiab tsim tau ntau yam khoom siv thiab khoom siv hauv tsev los ntawm ntoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm Bashkirs, practicality thiab expediency tau txuas nrog thiab sib cuam tshuam nrog kev zoo nkauj. Thaum ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev, Bashkirs tau sim ua kom lawv tsis tsuas yog ruaj khov, yooj yim siv, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj. Nws tsis yog coincidence uas feem ntau striking, nthuav yog cov ornaments ntawm cov tais diav thiab cov khoom uas tau lossi siv niaj hnub nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov ladles rau koumiss, nyob rau hauv ornamentation ntawm cov tais diav, nyob rau hauv painting ntawm ntoo coasters rau lub hauv siab, nrog rau lub teb chaws xim tsim nyob rau hauv ntau centuries, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv yam ntxwv ntawm ancient pab pawg neeg yog khaws cia,uas ib zaug tau koom nrog kev tsim haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg Bashkir.

Zoo kawg

Cov tshuaj tsw qab ntawm cov neeg Bashkir yog tib cov lus dab neeg. Nws yog ib yam khoom ntawm lub collective creativity ntawm successive tiam. Txhua tus qauv yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib sau ua ke, tib lub sijhawm nws yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev xav ntawm ib tus neeg. Ntau tus tswv tsis tsuas yog hloov pauv cov qauv uas lawv paub, tab sis kuj tsim cov tshiab. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov qauv tsim tshiab tsis nyob twj ywm unchanged. Lwm cov kws ua yeeb yam polish lawv lossis, tso siab rau cov qauv qub, tsim lawv tus kheej. Li no muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab nplua nuj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas peb saib nyob rau hauv pej xeem ornamentation ntawm Bashkiria.