Russian ornament: qauv. Ukrainian ornaments

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Zoo ib yam li kev kos duab pej xeem thaum ub, lub ornament muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav. Qhov khoom siv tes ua no qhia txog tus ntsuj plig tiag tiag ntawm tib neeg. Kos ib kab keeb kwm uas qhia txog lub teb chaws txoj kev xav. Yog li, dab tsi yog ornamental art?

Dab tsi yog ornament

Peb tuaj hla lo lus "ornament" ntau zaus thiab feem ntau xav tias peb nkag siab nws lub ntsiab lus zoo heev. Tab sis nws hloov tawm tias txhua yam tsis yooj yim li ntawd. Ntawm chav kawm, ib qho ornament yog ib daim duab ua nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Tab sis lo lus nws tus kheej los ntawm qhov twg? Nws hloov tawm tias nws los ntawm Latin ornamentum, uas txhais tau hais tias "kho kom zoo nkauj." Xws li painting tau dav siv nyob rau hauv ancient Russia los kho cov khaub ncaws, riam phom, khoom siv hauv tsev, ntaub. Cov haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab lo lus " qauv" txawm li cas los xij los ze tshaj rau lo lus no. Piv rau nws, kev kos duab kos duab zoo li yuav luag tshawb fawb, tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb xws li cov kab lus uas zoo tshaj plaws qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, kev pleev xim yog qhov rov ua dua ntawm ib qho duab kos hauv ib ntu tshwj xeeb.

Lwm yam tseem ceeb: nyob rau sab hnub poob, kev kos duab kos duab tsis tau suav tias yog ib qho haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab, tab sis nws tsuas yog ntaus nqi rau stylization. Meanwhile, nyob rau hauv Russia mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, xws li cov qauv tau hnavTsis yog qhov xwm ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub xwb, tab sis kuj muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb mystical.

Piv txwv li, nws tau ntseeg tias qee cov qauv zoo nkauj ntawm cov khaub ncaws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov dab phem thiab cov xwm txheej phem - kev tshaib kev nqhis, yeeb ncuab, qhov txhab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua lossis kev tuag … Yog li ntawd, cov qauv zoo li no tau ua nrog kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thiab raug. Txawm hais tias cov craftswomen tsis heev to taub lub ntsiab lus ntawm paintings lawv tsim, lawv rov hais dua nyob rau hauv kom meej qhov lawv predecessors tau txais qub txeeg qub tes.

Tau kawg, kos duab, ornaments, qauv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai qub; ntau tiam neeg ntawm Russians tau coj los rau lawv. Qhov pib ntawm daim duab no yog keeb kwm yav dhau los, yog li thaum ub, nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom hais meej thaum qhov txuj ci no tau yug los.

Meaning of ornaments

Kev kos duab, ornaments, qauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tuaj rau peb los ntawm ancient sij hawm, qhia txog lub ntiaj teb no, kev lig kev cai ntawm cov neeg ntawm ancient era. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua yam tau ua tiav kom cov duab qub qub tsis yog kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov lus qhia. Yog li ntawd, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem dhau los muaj kev lig kev cai ntawm kev nyeem ntawv. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov tub ntxhais craftswomen coj lawv cov hauj lwm mus rau lub qub needlewoman ntawm lub zos rau tshwj xeeb sib sau ua ke. Ntawm no, cov ntxhais tham txog qhov lawv cov paj ntaub txhais li cas, yog li dhau qhov tshwj xeeb "kev xeem".

Nws yog qhov nthuav tias cov duab geometric ornament-pattern ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tuaj yeem muaj lub ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg rau tus neeg niaj hnub no. Tshwj xeeb, ib qho ntawm cov cim feem ntau yog swastika! Nws yog nws uas tau suav hais tias yog ib qho kos npekev loj hlob, fertility, lub cim ntawm lub ntuj cycles.

Hnub no, cov khoom "Hitlerisms" ntawm cov khoom qub qub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau yam. Tab sis lub zog muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov kos npe no yog siab heev. Yog li, raws li lawv hais, koj tsis tuaj yeem nqa cov lus tawm ntawm ib zaj nkauj!

Khoom plig thiab kos duab ntawm cov tais diav. Khokhloma

Nyob rau thaum ub, nyob rau hauv Lower Volga cheeb tsam, ib tug kev lig kev cai tshwm sim los pleev xim rau cov tais diav ntoo nrog intricate qauv. Thaum xub thawj, craftsmen carved tais, mugs thiab diav los ntawm alder. Tom qab ntawd cov tais diav tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb, pleev xim rau ornaments thiab hardened nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov cub. Qhov no yog li cas tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab Khokhloma tshwm sim. Nws "qhov tseem ceeb" nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias thaum hardened, cov tais diav thiab cov qauv ntawm nws tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb golden sheen, uas muab cov khoom ntoo ib qho txawv festive thiab kim saib.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, Khokhloma, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Lavxias, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev hauv khw hauv ntiaj teb. Cov neeg yuav khoom los ntawm cov teb chaws nyob deb qhuas cov masterpieces ntawm Lavxias teb sab siv kos duab.

Ukrainian ornament, kos duab thiab qauv

Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Ukrainian ornament tseem muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los. Feem ntau, cov phab ntsa ntawm tsev, tais diav thiab lwm yam khoom siv los ua lub hauv paus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub ornament muaj cov cim pagan uas muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb dawb ceev. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, amulets tau txais kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb - lawv tau pleev xim nrog cov qauv tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, lub ntsiab lus tseeb uas tau paub tsuas yog ob peb.

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv tau dhau loskos npe tsis yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj muaj lwm yam khoom.

Symbolics ntawm Ukrainian ornament

Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog cov duab ntawm lub hnub thiab dej. Thiab nws tsis yog coincidence. Lub hnub raug suav hais tias yog lub cim ntawm tib neeg. Dej, raws li ib tug niam rau tag nrho cov muaj sia nyob - poj niam. Nws yog ob yam no uas tuaj yeem muab lub neej tshiab rau lub ntiaj teb. Tias yog vim li cas muab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo li no yog xav nrhiav koj tus ntsuj plig khub niam txiv los yog ntxiv dag zog rau ib tsev neeg uas twb muaj lawm nrog yug me nyuam.

Yog tias peb tham txog Ukrainian ornaments, cov duab kos tau ib txwm ua cim zoo heev. Cov duab ntawm cov noog kuj tseem ceeb heev. Cov duab no qhia txog tib neeg tus ntsuj plig. Tab sis nquab lossis falcons hauv Ukrainian ornaments qhia txog cov neeg nyiam uas tau npaj los tsim ob peb.

YPetrikovskaya painting

Petrikovskaya painting yog ib qho ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Ukrainian ornamental kos duab. Nws lub npe los ntawm lub zos ntawm Petrikovka, Dnepropetrovsk cheeb tsam, qhov twg feem ntau txawj ntse masters ntawm lub lag luam thiab tseem yog. Lawv tseem khaws tej qub txeeg qub teg.

"Petrikovka", raws li hom kev kos duab no hu ua, yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj thiab ornamental. Ib zaug ib zaug, tsuas yog cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev tau pleev xim zoo li no, tab sis dhau sijhawm, them se rau cov qauv tshiab thiab kev xav ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, cov craftsmen pib kho ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev, qhov tseeb, tig lawv mus rau hauv décor. cov khoom. Yog li, Petrykivka painting tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub hauv siab, cov twj paj nruag pej xeem, cov phuam da dej thiab blouses. Ntxiv mus, lawv pleev xim rautxawm cog thiab sleds!

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias Petrykivka painting, zoo li tsis muaj lwm yam kev kho kom zoo nkauj kos duab, xav txog cov dej ntws ntawm lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no. Nws pib siv dav hauv lub cev kos duab. Qhov kev taw qhia no tau nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb kos duab nrog nws tus tswv thiab kev coj noj coj ua.

Ntxiv mus, tam sim no peb tau tswj xyuas cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev pleev xim plooj (porcelain), iav, thiab ntau lwm yam khoom uas thaum xub thawj siab ib muag tsis haum rau ornaments.

Thaum kawg, kuv xav kom nco ntsoov tias Lavxias thiab Ukrainian ornaments, txawm hais tias lawv muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv, feem ntau qhia txog tib neeg tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg Slavic - tsis hais lub tebchaws twg nyob ntawm tus tswv.