Cov duab thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Khlestakov
Cov duab thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Khlestakov

Video: Cov duab thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Khlestakov

Video: Cov duab thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Khlestakov
Video: Tham Pem: Cwj Pwm Ntawm Tib Neeg (27/02/66) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Cov haujlwm ntawm N. V. Gogol tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Txog rau hnub no, nws tseem yog ib tus kws sau ntawv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws uas tau tswj hwm los piav txog kev muaj tiag Lavxias. Kab lus no muab cov lus piav qhia ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Gogol's immortal comedy "Tsoomfwv Tus Kws Tshawb Fawb".

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Kev ua yeeb yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Lavxias teb sab roob moj sab qhua. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam tau txais xov xwm ntawm lub sijhawm tuaj txog ntawm tus kws tshuaj xyuas. Tau txais nyiaj xiab thiab tub sab nyiag, lawv ntshai heev thiab yuam kev ib tug tub hluas uas tau hla lub nroog mus kuaj. Qhov tseeb, tus kws tshuaj xyuas tsis tshwm sim hauv kev ua yeeb yam txhua. Tus protagonist tuaj yeem suav hais tias nws tsuas yog hauv kev xav tsis thoob, txij li nws tsis nkag siab tias nws tau yuam kev rau "tus thawj coj loj ntawm lub peev." Khlestakov tus cwj pwm yuav pab kom nkag siab tias nws tus kheej dag tsis txhob txwm ua, tsuas yog ua lub luag haujlwm uas lwm tus tau yuam nws.

N. AT. Gogol sau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub comedy Tus Neeg soj ntsuam General nws xav sau "txhua yam phem nyob rau hauv Russia" thiab "luag ntawm txhua yam." Nws lees tias Khlestakov tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev nyuaj tshaj plaws rau nws. Hauv cov lus pom zoo rau kev ua si, tus kws sau ntawv tau nthuav tawm nws tus cwj pwm: "me ntsis ruam", "nws hais tsis muaj kev xav", "tsis muaj vaj ntxwv hauv nws lub taub hau". Tus hero ntawm kev ua si, qhov tseeb, ua txhua yam nws ua kiag li unintentionally. Txawm hais tias tus cwj pwm no tsis yog tus neeg dag ntxias lossis tus neeg xav, nws yog lub cav tiag tiag ntawm zaj dab neeg.

Khlestakov tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub comedy auditor
Khlestakov tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub comedy auditor

Zoo ntawm tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb

Tus neeg twg yuam kev rau tus kws tshuaj xyuas hauv nroog yog dab tsi? Nws tus yam ntxwv yog dab tsi? Khlestakov - cov tub ntxhais hluas, "peb caug-peb xyoos", "slender", nrog cov txiv ntseej plaub hau - "ntau chantret", "zoo me ntsis ntswg" "thiab nws ob lub qhov muag ceev heev." "Inconspicuous" thiab luv, tab sis "tsis phem-zoo", ib tug yuav hais tias, "zoo nkauj". Tsis yog hnav khaub ncaws hnav, tab sis hnav khaub ncaws hnav, hnav khaub ncaws ua los ntawm "cov ntaub ntawv Askiv", ib lub tsho tailcoat yuav raug nqi "rubles thiab ib nrab puas", lub kaus mom thiab ib tug pas nrig.

Khlestakov nyob rau hauv comedy
Khlestakov nyob rau hauv comedy

kev sib haum xeeb

Khlestakov hlub tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tsis kam lees nws tus kheej ib yam dab tsi, - "tuag" li "Kuv tsis nyiam tsis lees paub kuv tus kheej" thiab "Kuv nyiam zaub mov zoo." Twb tau thaum pib ntawm comedy nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws yog tus neeg zoo li cas. Tus tub qhe Osip muab tus cwj pwm rau Khlestakov, los ntawm nws cov lus nws pom tseeb tias tus txiv neej "nyiaj tau zoo" ntawm txoj kev, uas nws txiv xa mus, thiab tam sim no zaum "twitched nws tus Tsov tus tw", tab sis thov kom xauj ib chav "zoo tshaj" rau. nws, thiab nws pluas su yog "zoo tshaj"muab nws. Khlestakov yog ib tug me me official, "ib tug yooj yim Elistratishka." Nws yog ib leeg, nyiam mus ua yeeb yam, "caij tsheb tavxij", thiab siv nyiaj, xa ib tug tub qhe mus rau tom khw muag "lub tsho tailcoat tshiab". Es tsis txhob ua hauj lwm, nws taug kev "nyob ib ncig ntawm lub prefect" thiab "plays cards."

Khlestakov tuaj txog ntawm St. Petersburg, nyob hauv ib lub tsev so hauv ib chav me me, nyob rau lub lim tiam thib ob, noj mov, "tsis txhob tawm ntawm tavern" thiab "tsis them nyiaj". Tus tswv tsev tsis kam ua haujlwm rau lawv, Osip thiab Khlestakov, noj hmo. Lawv tseem tsis muaj nyiaj haus luam yeeb, "Hnub plaub kawg lawv tau haus luam yeeb." Khlestakov tsis nyiam lub nroog: "lawv tsis qiv nyiaj" hauv khw, nws xav muag nws lub ris, tab sis txiav txim siab tias nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsev "hauv St. Petersburg costume", thiab nce mus rau "tus ntxhais" ntawm qee tus tswv av.

Khlestakov sau ntawv characterization
Khlestakov sau ntawv characterization

Kev coj cwj pwm

Tus sau tau nthuav qhia Khlestakov tus yam ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv comedy, txhua kab ntawm tus hero qhia nws tus cwj pwm thiab tus cwj pwm. Txij thaum pib, nws pom nws tus kheej yog ib tus neeg khoob thiab tsis nyiam: tau siv tag nrho cov nyiaj, nws tsis tsuas yog xav txog qhov tseeb tias nws tsis muaj dab tsi them nrog, tab sis kuj xav tau. Tus tub qhe coj nws "kua zaub thiab ci", thiab muab Khlestakov lwm "sauce" thiab muab salmon. Nws noj thiab xaiv: "qhov no tsis kub", tsis yog butter, "qee feathers", "axe" es tsis yog "nqaij nyuj". Nws cem tus neeg saib xyuas tsev noj mov: "loafers", tsuas yog "sib ntaus nrog cov neeg dhau mus."

Thaum paub tias tus kav nroog nug nws, nws hais ntxiv tias: “Tus neeg saib xyuas tsiaj nyaum! Tsis txaus siab lawm. Nws hem tias: “Koj twv ua li cas? Kuv yog dab tsi, tub lag luam lossis tus kws tsim khoom? Tab sis thaum nws pom tus kav nroog, nws poob qis thiab piav qhia tias nws tshuav nqixa nyiaj los ntawm lub zos. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias tsis muaj dab tsi them rau: tag nrho ib hnub tus neeg saib xyuas tsev noj mov " tshaib plab" nws thiab muab "tshuaj yej", uas "stinks ntawm ntses". Pom tias tus kav nroog tau txaj muag, Khlestakov tau ua siab loj thiab, txhawm rau kom tsis txhob poob rau hauv tsev loj cuj, sim hem nws. Pib nrog cov lus cog tseg tias yuav them pluas su, nws xaus lus hem kom hu rau tus thawj coj.

Tus kav nroog coj nws mus rau tus kws tshuaj xyuas, fawns tshaj nws, hais lus hwm, hu nws ua "tus qhua pom kev", caw nws mus rau nws lub tsev. Khlestakov tsis txawm sim mus nrhiav seb yog vim li cas rau lub Honors muab rau nws, hais tias "tsis muaj kev xav" thiab pib yws txog cov xwm txheej phem, tus tswv tsis muab tswm ciab thaum nws xav "sau ib yam dab tsi." Txog tus tswv nroog tau caw kom nyob hauv nws lub tsev, nws pom zoo tam sim ntawd: "ntau zoo" dua li "hauv lub tsev noj mov no."

Khlestakov tus cwj pwm nrog quotes
Khlestakov tus cwj pwm nrog quotes

Khlestakov hais lus

Txawm tias cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm Khlestakov qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm nws tus phab ej tus sau muab ib qho kev sib sau ua ke thiab qee qhov exaggerated hom ntawm kev kawm superficially upstart. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj style, Khlestakov siv nyob rau hauv nws hais lus incomprehensible Fabkis lo lus, clichés los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis xav tias nws txaj muag los ntxig cov lus hais lus phem. Nws hais tam sim ntawd, dhia ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov, vim nws yog sab ntsuj plig pluag thiab tsis muaj peev xwm tsom mus rau ib yam dab tsi. Nws loj hlob hauv nws lub qhov muag los ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm cov thawj coj, ua siab tawv thiab tsis paub qhov txwv ntawm kev dag thiab khav theeb.

Kev coj cwj pwm

Thawj qhov kev nqis tes ua qhia meej meej heev ntawm Khlestakov. Thaum twgcov tub ceev xwm coj nws mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv nroog, nws feem ntau xav paub seb puas muaj kev lom zem uas koj tuaj yeem "ua si phaib." Los ntawm qhov nws ua kom meej tias ib tug neeg nyiam muaj kev lom zem. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm tus kav nroog, nws sim sawv nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm lwm tus neeg thiab hais tias nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub department, ib zaug nws twb txawm "yuam kev rau tus thawj coj ntawm tus thawj coj." Nws boasts tias nws yog "paub txhua qhov chaw", nrog "actresses paub." Feem ntau pom "sau ntawv", "ntawm tus phooj ywg footing" nrog Pushkin.

Kev lees tias nws sau "Yuri Miloslavsky", tab sis Marya Antonovna nco qab tias qhov no yog Zagoskin txoj haujlwm. Yuav ua li cas yog tus tshiab minted auditor? Nws tam sim ntawd pom ib qho kev zam txim, qhia cov neeg tam sim no txog qhov muaj ob phau ntawv sib txawv nrog tib lub npe. Nws hais tias nws muaj "thawj lub tsev" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab tom qab ntawd, intoxicated nrog cawv thiab kev vam meej, nws lees paub qhov tsis raug: "koj yuav khiav mus" rau koj qhov chaw "hauv pem teb plaub" thiab "qhia rau tus neeg ua noj." Tab sis cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws coj qhov no ntau dua li nplawm tus nplaig thiab txhawb kom nws dag, xav tias nws yuav qhia rau lawv paub ntxiv txog nws.

Khlestakov tus yam ntxwv los ntawm tus kws tshuaj xyuas
Khlestakov tus yam ntxwv los ntawm tus kws tshuaj xyuas

Kev ua haujlwm

Zoo siab txais tos thiab tsis paub tias nws yuam kev rau lwm tus. "Lub lightness nyob rau hauv kev xav yog txawv tshaj plaw" - tus sau tau muab nws cov lus piav qhia. Khlestakov tsis ua txuj ua tus kws tshuaj xyuas, nws tsuas ua raws li cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws yuam nws. Qhov kev coj cwj pwm no txuas ntxiv tsim nws hauv lawv lub qhov muag ua ib tus neeg ua haujlwm siab. "Txawm hais tias nws dag," nws ua si "nrog cov thawj coj" thiab mus "mus rau lub palace." Khlestakov weaves intrigue, tab sis nws tus kheej tsis paub qhov no. Cov duab ntawm no hero yog lub embodiment ntawm stupidity thiabvoid.

Nws txoj kev xav fussly dhia ntawm ib qho kev mus rau lwm qhov, tsis muaj kev txwv lossis nres ib yam dab tsi. Tus sau nyob rau hauv cov lus kuj muab Khlestakov tus cwj pwm. Cov lus hais tias "tsis muaj vaj ntxwv nyob hauv kuv lub taub hau", "me ntsis ruam" muab kev nkag siab meej tias peb tab tom ntsib ib qho ntawm cov neeg uas hu ua "dab tsi". Ntxiv mus, nws tam sim hloov nws qhov tsos thiab hloov mus rau qhov tseeb. Ib hom chameleon uas hloov nws cov xim rau kev ciaj sia, tsis yog kev lom zem. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tsis txaus siab no thiab lub siab dawb paug uas nws ua lub luag haujlwm rau nws, Khlestakov tau yooj yim tawm ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej thaum nws raug ntes ntawm kev dag.

Cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm Khlestakov
Cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm Khlestakov

Kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus

Hauv tus tswv nroog lub tsev, txhua tus xav paub ntau ntxiv txog "tus qhua zoo" thiab nug tus tub qhe Osip seb nws tus tswv nyiam dab tsi, nws nyiam dab tsi. Khlestakov, ntawm qhov tod tes, brilliantly plays lub auditor nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib plaub ua yeeb yam comedy pib to taub hais tias nws twb yuam kev rau ib tug "statesman." Nws puas xav li cas txog nws? Hardly. Nws yooj yim hloov pauv thiab ua lub luag haujlwm uas tib neeg tau muab rau nws.

In comedy, txhua yam yog raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev dag ntxias tus kheej. Tus sau nthuav qhia tus nyeem ntawv nrog tus neeg uas tsis muaj nws cov ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv lub comedy "Tsoomfwv Inspector", Khlestakov tus cwj pwm kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias nws yog ib tug neeg tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus sab hauv. Nws tsis txhob txwm dag ntxias li nws dag lwm tus neeg koom hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Nws yog precisely nyob rau hauv no unintentionality uas lub zog ntawm tus cwj pwm dag.

Khlestakov rau xws lidegree tau siv rau lub luag haujlwm uas zoo li yog tus vauv ntawm tus kav nroog tus ntxhais. Tsis muaj kev txaj muag lossis lub siab, nws thov nws txhais tes, tsis nco qab tias ib feeb dhau los nws lees txim nws txoj kev hlub rau nws niam. Nws pov nws tus kheej ntawm nws lub hauv caug ua ntej ntawm nws tus ntxhais, tom qab ntawd ua ntej nws niam. Yog li ntawd, nws yeej kov yeej lawv thiab rub nws tus kheej tom qab ob leeg, tsis paub xaiv leej twg.

Khlestakov tus yam ntxwv
Khlestakov tus yam ntxwv

Comedy finale

Thaum Khlestakov paub tias nws raug coj mus rau tus neeg tsis ncaj ncees lawm, lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus phab ej no tau tshwm sim. Muaj tus cwj pwm khoob thiab tsis tseem ceeb, nws sau rau nws tus kws sau ntawv paub txog qhov tshwm sim rau nws. Thiab txawm lub fact tias lawv tau txais nws nyob rau hauv lub zos no complacently, Khlestakov xyiv fab piav qhia txog cov vices ntawm nws tshiab acquaintance, cov neeg uas nws twb robbed nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, thiab muab thuam lawv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Qhov no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Khlestakov.

Gogol txoj haujlwm xaus nrog "qhov chaw ntsiag to": tus kws tshuaj xyuas tiag tiag tuaj txog. Tab sis qhov no tsis ua rau nws tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm comedy; Khlestakov raug suav hais tias yog lub cim tseem ceeb. Tus sau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tshaj tawm hais tias tsuas yog lub ntsej muag zoo nyob rau hauv nws comedy yog luag. Yog li ntawd, Gogol ceeb toom cov lus iab liam los ntawm cov thawj coj. Tus kws sau ntawv tau sib cav tias tsis hais hnub nyoog, kev kawm lossis kev sib raug zoo, txhua tus neeg Lavxias dhau los ua Khlestakov txawm tias ib feeb.

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