Akhmadulina Bella: paj huam thiab biography

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Akhmadulina Bella (lub npe tag nrho Isabella Akhatovna Akhmadulina), tus kws sau paj huam loj tshaj plaws ntawm Soviet thiab tom qab-Soviet lub sijhawm, yug hauv Moscow rau lub Plaub Hlis 10, 1937 hauv tsev neeg ntse. Leej Txiv, Akhmadulin Akhat Valeevich, yog tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab nws niam, Nadezhda Makarovna Akhmadulina, ua haujlwm ua tus txhais lus. Tus ntxhais loj hlob hauv qhov chaw muaj tswv yim, cov kws sau ntawv nto moo thiab cov kws sau paj huam feem ntau tuaj xyuas lub tsev, thiab me ntsis Bella tau mloog nrog kev tsis txaus siab rau kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg laus txog kev kos duab, kev ua yeeb yam, cov phau ntawv tshiab, txog txhua yam uas Moscow nyob hauv tsib caug xyoo dhau los. xyoo.

yav tom ntej poetess

Bella Akhmadulina lub paj huam khoom plig tshwm sim nws tus kheej thaum yau, nws yooj yim sau txhua yam uas tuaj rau hauv nws lub taub hau, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 tus ntxhais pib sau nws cov paj huam hauv phau ntawv sau. Thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos, tus kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws D. Bykov nyeem cov paj huam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas kws sau paj huam. Hauv nws cov lus piv txwv, Bella "xav nws txoj kev paj huam."

Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv, Bella Akhmadulina, uas nws biography ces qhib nws lub ntsiab nplooj ntawv, thov raukws qhia ntawv ntawm kev sau xov xwm, tab sis ua tsis tiav qhov kev xeem. Nyob rau hauv teb rau cov lus nug txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov editorial ntawm qhov tseeb qhov teeb meem ntawm Komsomolskaya Pravda, Bella shrugged nws lub xub pwg nyom thiab hais tias nws tsis nyeem ntawv xov xwm.

Akhmadulina lub npe

Bella Akhmadulina lub neej tau sau nrog cov paj huam Lavxias mus rau qhov kawg, nws tau luam tawm ntau phau ntawv uas tag nrho lub tebchaws tau nyeem, nws yog tus tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Neeg Sau Ntawv ntawm Lavxias Federation, nws koom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias PEN Lub chaw ua thawj coj los ntawm Andrey Bitov, uas Akhmadulina yog lwm tus - Thawj Tswj Hwm nrog Andrey Voznesensky. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws sau paj huam yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pawg neeg pej xeem ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej muaj npe tom qab A. S. Pushkin ntawm Prechistenka. Nws yog tus tswv cuab Honorary ntawm American Academy of Arts thiab Literature. Nws yog ib tug laureate ntawm lub xeev nqi zog ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, raws li zoo raws li lub xeev nqi zog ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Poetess thiab censors

Akhmadulina Bella tau dhau los ua tus kws sau paj huam tau lees paub txawm tias ua ntej kawm tiav los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Literary (nws tau txais nws daim ntawv kawm tiav xyoo 1960). Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo, Bella koom nrog kev tawm tsam rau kev ncaj ncees; nws, zoo li ntau tus kws sau ntawv Soviet thiab kws sau paj huam, tsis txaus siab rau qhov nruj censorship ntawm Pawg Neeg Xov Xwm. Xyoo 1957, Akhmadulina raug thuam hauv Komsomolskaya Pravda, uas nws teb nrog cov paj huam tshiab. Kev tawm tsam pib nrog cov neeg sau ntawv, cov qauv ntawm tog thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm lub koom haum uas Bella tau kawm. Thiab thaum nws tshaj tawm tsis kam koom nrog kev tsim txom ntawm Boris Pasternak, nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Sau (qhov laj thawj tsis yog.dhau kev xeem hauv Marxism-Leninism). Txawm li cas los xij, Akhmadulina tau rov qab los sai sai, vim qhov xwm txheej hem mus thoob ntiaj teb.

khoom muaj nqis ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam

Ib xyoos ua ntej kawm tiav hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, xyoo 1959, tus kws sau paj huam sau nws thawj zaj paj huam, uas coj nws lub koob meej hauv ntiaj teb, "Nyob ntawm kuv txoj kev xyoo ntawd …". Tom qab thawj qhov kev vam meej ntawm Akhmadulin, Bella txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm li niaj zaus, tsim cov masterpieces tiag tiag. Tus kws sau paj huam tau ua raws li cov qauv qub hauv nws cov paj huam, txawm hais tias nws nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub tshaj plaws. Bella Akhmadulina cov paj huam yog ci ntsa iab, nco qab, zoo siab, raws li Joseph Brodsky tau hais, Bella yog "cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam".

Akhmadulina tsis paub lo lus "poetess", thov kom nws hu ua "poet". Thaum "tus kws sau paj huam" Bella Akhmadulina tuaj xyuas Georgia hauv xyoo 1970, nws poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog lub teb chaws no, tawm mus, nws tawm ntawm nws tus plig hauv Tbilisi. Tom qab ntawd, twb yog ib tug neeg txhais lus zoo, nws tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias ua haujlwm ntawm Irakli Abashidze, Galaktion Tabidze, tus kws sau paj huam xyoo 19th romantic Nikolai Baratashvili.

Tus kws sau paj huam kuj tau sau hauv kev hais lus, nws tau sau cov ntawv sau txog cov kws sau paj huam tam sim no, nrog rau Pushkin thiab Lermontov. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Bella Akhmadulina tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws muag khoom "Autograph of the Century", 2006, nyob rau hauv uas tag nrho tshooj yog mob siab rau nws. Thiab txawv teb chaws, ntim ntawm kev kawm sau ntawv tau mob siab rau tus kws sau paj huam.

Akhmadulina's style

Bella Akhmadulina cov paj huam muaj ntau cov lus piv txwv uas, zoo li pob zeb diamond placer, adorns thiabbrighten cov kab. Tus kws sau paj huam txhais cov lus piav qhia zoo tshaj plaws rau hauv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov lus sib txawv, thiab cov kab lus tau txais ib qho ntxoov ntxoo ntawm archaism, thiab cov kab lus yooj yim dhau los ua pearls ntawm elegant style. Xws li yog Bella Akhmadulina, kws sau paj huam.

Bella yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub voj voog "sixties", nws tig ntawm cov kws sau paj huam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd: Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Robert Rozhdestvensky, Andrey Voznesensky. Lawv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow University, Polytechnic Tsev khaws puav pheej, Luzhniki tau sau cov neeg tuaj saib coob. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tib neeg tsis yog qhib rau cov kev xav tshiab xwb, lawv tau "qhib" rau cov cua tshiab ntawm kev hloov, tos rau kev hloov pauv kom zoo dua, cia siab. Yog li ntawd, cov paj huam ntawm cov kws sau paj huam, thiab tsis tsawg kawg yog Bella Akhmadulina, los ua latent thuam ntawm tag nrho covitarian system.

Pab neeg hais lus

Bella Akhmadulina, uas nws biography tsa cov lus nug ntawm tog thawj coj, tau los ua thawj Soviet kws sau paj huam uas tau hais txog tej yam yooj yim nyob rau hauv lub siab poetic style. Nws kev ua yeeb yam ntawm theem tau los ua tus tswv ntawm improvisation. Txoj kev nyeem tsis tau piav qhia, tsis pub leej twg paub intonations, Bella txoj kev ua yeeb yam tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Muaj ib lub suab nrov ntsiag to nyob hauv lub tsev, thiab tsuas yog lub suab nkag mus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nyeem paj huam sau nyob rau hauv siab "tshaj", uas, txawm li cas los xij, tau nkag siab los ntawm txhua tus. Qhov nro yog ib nrab nco qab, tom qab Bella hais tias: "…zoo li taug kev ntawm ntug hlua …"

Kev xaiv

Bella instinctively tsiv tawm ntawm qhov qub, khiav tawm tam sim no,nrhiav solitude hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Thawj sau ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, hu ua "String", tau luam tawm xyoo 1962. Phau ntawv qhia Akhmadulina lub siab xav nrhiav nws tus kheej hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Tshav kub, muaj ntau txoj kev, tab sis kuv xav nrhiav qhov tseeb xwb, kuv tus kheej txoj kev. Thiab Bella pom nws, nws yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-60s uas nws tsis tau ua ib tug "knight ntawm lub crossroads", thiab ces hais tias siab poetic style, yam ntxwv thiab suab paj nruag ntawm nqe vaj lug kub tau tsim, uas txawv tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm Bella Akhmadulina.

Sublime lyrics, qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua piv txwv, kev ywj pheej hauv kev tsim cov nqe - tag nrho cov no tau los ua "Akhmadulina's paj huam". Ib qho kev nthuav dav tuaj yeem taug qab hauv nws txoj haujlwm: tus kws sau paj huam sib txuas lus nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm qhov kev kawm. Los nag, ntoo hauv lub vaj, tswm ciab ntawm lub rooj, ib tug portrait - txhua yam muaj cov cim ntawm sab ntsuj plig nyob rau hauv Bella Akhmadulina paj huam. Ib tug tuaj yeem hnov nws lub siab xav muab lub npe rau qhov khoom thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham nrog nws.

Yav dhau los thiab tam sim no hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Akhmadulina

Bella Akhmadulina cov paj huam zoo li ua si nrog lub sijhawm, tus kws sau paj huam sim ua kom qhov chaw, tawm hauv nws txoj kev xav hauv xyoo pua 19th, lub sijhawm ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev nom kev tswv, kev ua siab dawb thiab kev siab dawb. Nyob ntawd, yav dhau los, Bella pom nws qhov chaw, nyob ntawm qhov txiaj ntsig ploj thiab xav kom rov qab los rau nws tam sim no. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog "Antique Shop Adventure", "Lub Tebchaws Romance", "Kuv Tsev Neeg Tsob Ntoo".

Tag nrho nws lub neej Bella Akhmadulina ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "kev phooj ywg", nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nws "ua tsaug", hu nkauj me ntsis, vim tsis yogmuaj qhov me me no - txhua yam zoo heev. Yog li ntawd, Bella Akhmadulina tau hais txog kev hlub ib yam li nws tus hlub tau hnov nws, tab sis qhov tseeb nws tau hais lus rau tus neeg taug kev, nyeem ntawv, lossis tus neeg zoo tshaj plaws. Nws cov nkauj yog permeated nrog kev koom tes, kev khuv leej thiab kev hlub rau cov neeg tsis muaj hmoo, txom nyem, orphaned creatures nyob rau hauv tib neeg daim ntawv.

Poetess Akhmadulina tau ntsib cov teebmeem ntawm kev thuam nyob rau hauv ob qho kev qhia: nom tswv, uas liam nws ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab kev dag ntxias, thiab kev thuam kev ywj pheej, uas tso cai rau "kos duab" hauv paj huam. Ob qho tib si thiab lwm tus neeg xav tau zoo yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub cev, thiab Bella tsis quav ntsej lawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws sau paj huam yeej tsis tau sau paj huam txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm pej xeem qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev sib raug zoo. Nws cov nkauj yog lyrical thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv, txawm hais tias ib tug weaver los yog ib tug niam mis yuav ua tau lyrical. Thiab kuv yuav tau ua yog tias tsis yog rau kev sib tw socialist ntawm lawv, uas cov tog neeg tau hais rau.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Muaj lus xaiv txog Bella Akhmadulina ua tus poj niam tuag. Thiab qhov tseeb, txhua tus neeg uas tham nrog nws tsawg kawg tsib feeb tau poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws. Cov txiv neej xav tias nws nkag tsis tau, thiab qhov no tsuas yog qhov kev mob siab rau. Bella thawj tus txiv raug cai yog Yevgeny Yevtushenko, uas nws tau kawm hauv Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Sau. Tsev neeg lub neej ntawm ob tug kws sau paj lug tau tshwm sim hauv kev sib cav thiab kev sib haum xeeb, taug kev ncig Moscow thiab muab khoom plig rau ib leeg nrog paj huam. Yevtushenko thiab Akhmadulina nyob ua ke tau peb xyoos.

Tus txiv thib ob ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yog Yuri Nagibin, kws sau ntawv. Nagibin txoj kev hlub yog li ntawd thaum Bella ua yeeb yam ntawm theem, nwstsis tuaj yeem zaum, sawv ntawm phab ntsa thiab tuav kom tsis txhob poob ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm nws ob txhais ceg. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Bella yog nyob rau ntawm qhov siab tshaj ntawm nws qhov extravagance. "Angel, kev zoo nkauj, vajtswv poj niam," Rimma Kazakova hais txog nws tus phooj ywg Akhmadulina. Kev sib yuav nrog Nagibin kav tau yim xyoo. Lub farewell mob heev, Bella txawm sau paj huam txog nws.

Akhmadulina kuj muaj cov dab neeg tshiab, nws tau ntsib nrog Vasily Shukshin, txawm ua yeeb yam hauv nws zaj duab xis "Tus txiv neej zoo li no", ua tus neeg sau xov xwm. Rau qee lub sij hawm nws nyob nrog Eldar Kuliev, tus tub ntawm tus naas ej sau Kaysyn Kuliev. Kev sib yuav yog pej xeem, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, nkawm niam txiv muaj ib tug ntxhais, Lisa, xyoo 1973.

Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1974, Bella tau ntsib Boris Messerer, tus kws kos duab ua yeeb yam uas tau los ua nws tus txiv thib peb thiab zaum kawg, uas tus kws sau paj huam nyob tau ntau dua peb caug-tsib xyoo. Yuav ua li cas, nws cia li tshwm sim hais tias cov tswv yim Boris Messerer tau txais los tswj cov xwm txheej ntawm nws tus poj niam tsis tuaj yeem xav. Nws muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim nws cov paj huam, sau rau txhua yam, nrog rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Bella ua tsaug rau nws tus txiv rau qhov no. Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Bella Akhmadulina tau nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv txhim khu kev qha. Tus poj niam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tau saib xyuas cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm nws tus kheej thiab thoob plaws tebchaws Russia.

Kev tuag ntawm Akhmadulina

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2010, Akhmadulina Bella tau mob tsis zoo, nws tus kab mob oncological phem zuj zus. Tus kws sau paj huam tau pw hauv tsev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob Botkin, qhov chaw nws tau ua haujlwm. Muaj kev txhim kho, thiab Akhmadulina tau tawm hauv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuag plaub hnub tom qab.

Kev Pabcuam Kev Ua Pam Tuagdhau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Saints Cosmas thiab Damian, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov txheeb ze thiab cov phooj ywg. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv Central House of Writers, tag nrho cov neeg uas nws hu ua "kuv venerable nyeem" nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, thiab cov no yog ntau txhiab tus neeg, hais goodbye rau poetess. Bella Akhmadulina tau faus rau ntawm Novodevichy Cemetery.