Vase painting hauv Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws. Vase Painting Styles ntawm Ancient Greece

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, nyob zoo cov neeg nyeem, peb yuav xav txog lub vase painting styles ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws. Qhov no yog thawj, ci ntsa iab thiab zoo kawg nkaus txheej ntawm cov kab lis kev cai qub. Leej twg tau pom amphora, lekythos los yog skyphos nrog lawv tus kheej ob lub qhov muag yuav khaws lawv cov kev zoo nkauj unsurpassed nyob rau hauv lawv lub cim xeeb mus ib txhis.

Tom ntej no, peb yuav tham nrog koj txog ntau yam kev kos duab thiab cov qauv, nrog rau hais txog cov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev txhim kho daim duab no.

Vase painting ntawm Ancient Greece

Cov piv txwv zoo kawg ntawm Ancient Greek vase paintings yog qhov zoo siab rau lub qhov muag ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi thiab yog cov khoom nyiam hauv kev sau los ntawm ntau tus kws kos duab. Cov nkoj muaj ntau xim zoo siab nrog ntau yam duab, daim phiaj thiab xim.

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav xav txog cov qauv ntawm lub vase painting, pib los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Hellas. Greek vases (daim duab hauv qab no) tau los ntawm lub lauj kaub hluav taws yooj yim mus rau ib qho txuj ci ntawm cov duab qub qub nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ob hom lus liab-daim duab amphora.

Vim nws qhov kev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb thiabsophistication, cov khoom no sai sai tau nrov imports rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab Asia. Lawv pom ob qho tib si hauv Celtic faus thiab hauv qhov ntxa ntawm Middle East thiab North Africa.

Qhov tseeb hauv qab no yog qhov nthuav. Thawj qhov piv txwv tau pom nyob rau hauv Etruscan crypts, thiab thawj zaug tsis muaj leej twg cuam tshuam nrog cov Greeks. Tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, Johann Winckelmann tau ua pov thawj lawv cov keeb kwm Hellenic. Tom qab qhov kev tshawb pom zoo li no, kev kos duab ntawm Greek vase thaum ub tau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kawm txog keeb kwm qub.

Hnub no, cov nkoj tso cai tsis tau tsuas yog kho ntau thaj chaw ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg no, tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntau yam xwm txheej, nrog rau kom paub txog cov npe ntawm cov tswv.

Peb yuav tham txog qhov no kom ntxaws ntxiv tom qab, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm cov neeg pleev kob vase txawm muaj kev sib tw. Judging los ntawm graffiti, lawv khav ib leeg tias lawv lub nkoj zoo dua.

Centers thiab technologists ntawm vase painting

Ua tsaug rau qhov tshawb pom ntawm archaeologists niaj hnub no, ntau lub tsev cia puav pheej thoob ntiaj teb tuaj yeem khav theeb piv txwv ntawm Greek vase paintings thaum ub. Muaj cov nkoj qub los ntawm cov kob ntawm Crete thiab Corinthian ceramics, dub thiab liab-daim duab amphoras, lekythos thiab lwm yam tais diav.

Nyob hauv av loj, cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom yog lub nroog Attic ntawm Athens thiab Kaulinthaus. Ntxiv rau lawv, kuj muaj cov masters ntawm Laconia thiab Boeotia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov cai no uas muaj ntau yam kev kho kom zoo nkauj nkoj tau tsim.

Tom qab lub chaw tsim khoom txav mus rau yav qab teb Ltalis. Ib yam li thaum lub sijhawm Hellenic thaum ntxov, nws tau tsiv los ntawm Crete mus rau thaj av loj. Ob lub nroog sawv ntawm no - SicilianCenturipa thiab South Italian Canosa.

Cais, nws tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub tshuab uas Greek vases tau ua. Cov duab kos qhia txog kev siv lub lauj kaub lub log thaum ntxov li xyoo txhiab xyoo BC.

av nplaum tau xaiv los ntawm xim. Hauv qee qhov chaw, nws yog xim txawv - los ntawm daj mus rau xim av. Yog hais tias cov khoom yog oily heev, fireclay thiab xuab zeb tau ntxiv rau nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov av nplaum tshwj xeeb yog "hnub nyoog". Cov txheej txheem suav nrog ntev raug cov ntaub ntawv raw hauv chav tsev ntub dej tom qab ntxuav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tau dhau los ua elastic thiab pliable.

Tom qab ntawd cov khoom ntawd tau kneaded nrog taw thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub lauj kaub lub log. Lub nkoj tiav lawm tau qhuav hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo rau ob peb hnub, tom qab ntawd nws tau pleev xim rau. Tsuas yog tom qab tag nrho cov txheej txheem no yog cov khoom raug rho tawm haujlwm.

Aegean lub sijhawm

Cov piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm daim duab no yog Minoan, Minyan thiab Mycenaean pottery nkoj. Thawj, tshwj xeeb, tseem hu ua Kamares vase (tom qab lub npe ntawm cov grotto ntawm cov kob ntawm Crete, qhov twg cov qauv tau pom thawj zaug).

Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej, cov duab kos duab ntawm ceramics tshwm nyob ib ncig ntawm nruab nrab ntawm peb txhiab xyoo BC. Thawj lub sijhawm, uas sib haum mus rau thaum ntxov Helladic lossis Aegean era, muab faib los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb rau ntau lub sijhawm.

Thawj zaug kav mus txog rau xyoo pua nees nkaum BC. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, tej yam yooj yim geometric ornaments ntawm ib-xim phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha prevailed. Tom qab ntawd nws hloov los ntawm Kamares style. Nws sawv tawm ntawm cov niaj hnub ceramics. Lub ntsiab txawv feature yogdawb kauv thiab paj cov ntsiab lus uas tau siv rau matte tom qab ntawm lub nkoj.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 17 BC, tus cwj pwm ntawm daim duab hloov pauv loj heev. Tam sim no cov ntsiab lus hauv hiav txwv tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb: octopuses, ntses, corals, nautiluses, dolphins thiab lwm yam. Txij li thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, tau muaj ib lub sij hawm poob ntawm Cretan painting.

Tab sis lub npe hu ua "archaic vase painting" tab tom tsim nyob rau hauv av loj thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Minyan ceramics yuav tsum raug ntaus nqi ntawm no. Nws yog nyias-walled, tsis muaj duab kos. Hom av nplaum no muaj nyob rau xyoo nees nkaum thib ob mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum rau xyoo BC. Nws yog hloov los ntawm Mycenaean pottery.

Lub xyoo pua 17 BC tau ua pov thawj tias yog qhov hloov pauv ob hauv tebchaws Greece thiab hauv Cyclades. Lub sijhawm no, Mycenaean kab lis kev cai nthuav tawm ntawm no nrog nws cov motifs hauv vase painting. Cov kws tshawb fawb faib ua plaub lub sijhawm, coj mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm Dorian ntxeem tau ntawm lub tebchaws (hauv xyoo pua kaum ib BC).

Kev txiav txim los ntawm daim duab, cov duab ntawm Mycenaean thaum ntxov yog dominated los ntawm cov duab kos duab tsaus nti ntawm lub teeb tom qab. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum tsib BC, lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub kaum peb caug xyoo ua ntej yug ntawm Tswv Yexus, tib neeg cov duab thiab ships tshwm. Cov yav tas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog Trojan Tsov Rog, uas nyob ib puag ncig lub sijhawm no.

Geometrics

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ob, cov txuj ci zoo ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws tau poob rau hauv kev poob nrog rau lwm cov kab lis kev cai. Lub sij hawm mus txog rau lub thib kaumxyoo pua yog suav tias yog "lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj" hauv kev txhim kho cov neeg no.

Yog tias peb tham txog ceramics, ces nyob rau lub sijhawm no muaj peb hom kev pleev xim. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Dorians, feem ntau ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm Mycenaean kab lis kev cai ploj mus. Txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ib, muaj ib theem ntawm "Submycenaean" kev lig kev cai, thaum cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov hlab ntsha tau khaws cia, tab sis cov duab kos rau lawv ploj mus.

Tom qab los txog lub sijhawm ntawm proto-geometric ornament. Feem ntau, ceramics tau pom los ntawm ob kab kab rov tav kab txaij ze ntawm lub caj dab thiab hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nkoj. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv feem ntau muaj cov voj voog concentric, uas tau tsim siv lub compass.

Cov kev sib sau ua ntau nyuaj nyob rau xyoo pua BC. Tam sim no ib leeg thiab ob txhais tes tshwm. Feem ntau, cov khoom geometric ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm frieze ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub nkoj. Hauv qab no yog cov duab stylized ntawm tib neeg, nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj.

Muaj, maj mam, kab lis kev cai Greek thaum ub tau nce mus. Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Homer, muaj ib tug nyiam txo qhov chaw ntawm geometric friezes, uas yog hloov los ntawm cov tub rog processions nrog chariots los yog ib tug series ntawm ntau yam outlandish tsiaj.

Cov xim tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab kos yog xim dub lossis liab ntawm keeb kwm dawb. Thaum lub sijhawm no, tag nrho cov duab anthropomorphic tau piav qhia schematically. Lub cev ntawm cov txiv neej yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug inverted daim duab peb sab, lub taub hau yog ib tug oval nrog ib tug hneev taw ntawm lub qhov ntswg, thiab ob txhais ceg yog depicted li ob lub tog raj kheej (thigh thiab sab ceg).

Tshaj tawm sab hnub tuaj

Tsev zuj zus, kab lis kev cai Greek thaum ub tau txhim kho. Cov duab yuav nyuaj, mus ntxivcov txheej txheem ntawm qiv cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev kos duab ntawm cov neeg sab hnub tuaj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub sij hawm no, Kaulinthaus sawv tawm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, txoj cai no yuav dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm lub vase painting.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau xyoo pua xya BC, Greek masters pib siv cov motifs los ntawm cov ntaub thiab ntaub pua plag. Sphinxes, tsov ntxhuav, griffins thiab lwm yam tsiaj muaj sia "tso" rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm no yog "kev ntshai ntawm qhov khoob". Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau hu ua tus thawj feature uas txawv ntawm ancient Greek vase painting ntawm Corinthian style. Lawv sim tsis txhob tso ib qho chaw khoob ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw.

Nws yog Khaulauxais potters uas tau tso lub hauv paus rau tag nrho lub sijhawm hauv ceramics. Kev tua peb zaug lawv tau tsim tom qab tau pom nws tus kheej hauv cov duab dub amphoras, uas peb yuav tham txog tom ntej.

Cov kws tshawb fawb faib cov qauv kev coj noj coj ua rau hauv lub sijhawm Corinthian thiab Attic. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug ntawm no, vase painting tsim los ntawm schematic tsiaj mus rau tej yam ntuj tso dluab ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws depiction ntawm mythological creatures. Txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm cov potters yog kom siv cov txheej txheem sab nrauv ntawm cov lauj kaub. Cov hlab ntsha no tuaj yeem muab piv rau tus neeg pleev kob daim ntaub lossis daim ntaub qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub vase.

Lub sijhawm Attic yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov hlua ntawm cov ntsiab lus geometric ntawm lub caj dab thiab ze rau hauv qab. Feem ntau ntawm phab ntsa tau faib rau cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj thiab qee zaus cov nroj tsuag, uas tau ua los ntawm cov xim dub.

Black-daim duab vases

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm Kaulinthaus thiabdub-daim duab vase painting tau los ua tus Attic style thaum ntxov. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ob lub npe nrov tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thaum ub, nrog rau daim duab liab.

Qhov peculiarity ntawm theem ntawm kev tsim khoom yog tias cov potters sawv tawm raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm. Lawv tau ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim cov duab ntawm lub nkoj thiab kho cov qauv tiav. Ntawd yog, cov neeg txawj ntse sculpted los ntawm av nplaum thiab cov khoom raug rho tawm haujlwm. Ceramics tau pleev xim tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov qhev, uas tau txiav txim siab qis dua cov potters hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.

Lub nkoj npaj tau raug rho tawm mus rau lub xeev "raws". Cov phab ntsa, uas tsis yog tag nrho hardened, tseem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau notches thiab siv ib txheej ntawm cov khoom npaj, uas tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug stunning kho kom zoo nkauj. Tom ntej no, cov duab tau tsim los siv cov av nplaum nplaum thiab ib lub tshuab txiav tshwj xeeb.

Yav dhau los nws tau ntseeg tias cov ceramics tau varnished, tab sis cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias nws yog plam (glossy hom av nplaum) tom qab tua hluav taws uas ua rau lub nkoj zoo li no.

Yog li ntawd, cov duab kos duab dub-dawb tau yug los nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm Kaulinthaus, hauv kev cob qhia ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse uas nrhiav kom coj ib daim ntawm sab hnub tuaj tsis paub txog rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm Hellenes.

Tab sis tom qab cov style orientalized, dominated los ntawm cov tsiaj, dub-daim duab lauj kaub tais diav kom zoo tshwm. Nws twb dominated los ntawm cov duab ntawm tib neeg. Lub ntsiab motifs yog ua koob tsheej, koob tsheej thiab dab neeg ntawm Trojan War.

Cov khoom zoo li no tau kav txij li xyoo pua xya mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua rau xyoo BC. Nws tau raug hloov los ntawm cov duab liab-dawb style hauv ceramics.

Red-daim duab vase painting

Nws ntseeg tau tias daim duab liab-dawb vase painting tshwm nyob rau hauv peb caug xyoo BC. Lub Athenian Andocides, yog ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm tus tswv ntawm cov duab dub-dawb ceramics, pib sim nrog cov xim thawj zaug. Qhov tseeb, nws tsuas yog ua qhov tsis sib xws. Tsis yog daim duab dub rau ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov av nplaum uas tsis muaj hluav taws kub, tab sis keeb kwm dub uas cov duab tshwm los ntawm cov xim ntuj ntawm cov khoom.

Lub sijhawm no muaj npe nrov rau kev sib tw tacit ntawm cov neeg pleev kob vase, uas feem ntau hu ua "pioneers" hauv kev tshawb fawb. Lawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txawv nroog, tab sis feem ntau tau tso cov lus ntawm ib leeg lub vases. Piv txwv li, ntawm ib qho ntawm cov amphoras, tau pom cov ntawv sau "Epiphanius tsis paub yuav ua li cas" tau pom. Kev sau ntawv ntawm graffiti yog ntaus nqi rau tus tswv Euphimides.

Yog li, daim duab liab-dawb style ntawm vase painting yog dav dav. Nws tawm hauv tebchaws Greece. Ib qho txheej txheem zoo sib xws rau kev pleev xim rau nkoj yog pom nyob rau yav qab teb Ltalis. Nws kuj tseem nrov ntawm Etruscans.

Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias lub sijhawm no muaj qee qhov kev tawm mus los ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov duab. Tus naj npawb ntawm tus phab ej ntawm cov hlab ntsha tau txo qis, tab sis kev xav, kev txav mus los thiab lwm yam kev ua yeeb yam tau pib siv los ua haujlwm.

Tam sim no cov tswv tsis tshwj xeeb hauv zaj dab neeg lossis qee yam duab (tsiaj, neeg, nroj tsuag …). Txij no mus, cov neeg pleev kob vase tau muab faib raws li hom ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Muaj cov kws ua yeeb yam uas ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb nrog amphoras. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau hom khoom siv ceramic muaj xws li tais, phials, lekythos thiabdinos.

Kab duab rau tom qab dawb

Ancient Greek vase painting txuas ntxiv txhim kho. Cov hlab ntsha liab thiab dub ob hom lus tau raug hloov los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Tam sim no cov keeb kwm yav dhau tsis yog xim dub lossis ntuj, tab sis dawb. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov tswv tseem tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau qee hom nkoj.

Tshwj xeeb, pleev xim rau ntawm keeb kwm dawb tau siv rau terracotta alabastrons, lekythos thiab aribals. Nws ntseeg tau tias Psiax yog thawj tus ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem no. Nws tsim ib tug lekythos nyob rau hauv no style nyob rau hauv 510 BC. Tab sis Pistoksen suav hais tias yog tus kws kos duab nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub vase tom qab dawb.

Tus tswv no ua haujlwm nrog "plaub xim txheej txheem". Nws siv cov kua roj vanish, pleev xim thiab gilding. Cov xim dawb tib yam tom qab tau ua tiav vim limestone av nplaum, uas npog cov "raws".

Cov qauv zoo sib xws ntawm lub vase painting twb tau tsiv tawm ntawm qhov qub kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov hlab ntsha ceramic. Tam sim no txoj kev taw qhia tshiab hauv kev kos duab tau raug tsim, zoo li thawj painting.

Lub sijhawm no yog ib qho kawg hauv keeb kwm ntawm Greek vase painting thaum ub. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim khoom tau tawm mus sab nraud lub tebchaws mus rau cov cheeb tsam thiab cov xeev nyob sib ze. Tsis tas li ntawd, tam sim no muaj kev tawm mus los ntawm scenes nrog vajtswv thiab tsiaj txhu. Cov tswv tshiab tau tsom mus rau lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg Greek.

Nkoj tshwm sim nrog cov poj niam mus txog lawv cov haujlwm niaj hnub, ua yeeb yam, ntaus suab paj nruag, ua koob tsheej, thiab lwm yam.

Gnafii

Maj mam daim duab ntawm lub vase painting txav los ntawm Greek metropolises mus rau cov cheeb tsam. South Italian masters tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog. Lawv feem ntau ancient thiab dav style yog gnatia. Nov yog cov txheej txheem pleev xim tshwj xeeb thiab muaj xim zoo nkauj uas tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua plaub BC.

Nws muaj ntau yam xim. Muaj ntsuab thiab xim av, liab thiab txiv kab ntxwv, daj thiab kub, dawb, dub thiab lwm yam. Cov phiaj xwm kuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau theem pib los ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Cupid ntsib nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, ua hauj lwm niaj hnub ntawm cov poj niam, hnub so rau hnub veneration ntawm Dionysus, ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam thiab lwm yam.

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv peb caug xyoo BC, muaj kev txwv nruj ntawm kev hais tawm thiab cov xwm txheej. Tam sim no tsuas yog cov xim dawb thiab xim dub tau siv, thiab cov khoom siv tau yooj yim heev. Cov nroj tsuag xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ivy thiab laurel tau piav qhia feem ntau, thiab tib neeg lub ntsej muag qee zaum pom ntawm tua thiab vines.

Yog li ntawd, Greek vase painting pib kis thoob plaws hauv thaj av Mediterranean thaum lub sij hawm ntawm daim duab liab qab. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem no uas gnatia yug los, raws li nws txuas ntxiv.

Tom ntej no, peb yuav tham txog theem kawg ntawm kev txhim kho hom kev kos duab qub. Lub chaw tau tsiv mus tas li mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Ltalis.

Kanosa thiab Centuripe

Txij tam sim no mus, Greek vase painting, tau dhau lub sijhawm ntawm gnatia, hloov mus ua tus cwj pwm ntawm rituals. Cov pej xeem Loos nyiam riam phom ntau dua, thiab siv cov tais diav yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab siv tau.

Thaum kawg, ob lub chaw tsim khoom sawv tawm - Canosa thiab Centuripe. Hauv thawj zaug, cov hlab ntsha tau tsim, pleev xim rau lawv nrog dej-solublepleev xim. Cov tais diav no tsis tau raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab tsis tau siv. Nws tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv lub ntxa.

Sicilian craftsmen los ntawm Centuripe mus ntxiv. Lawv tsis txawm thab los tsim ib lub nkoj tag nrho. Cov khoom sib cais tau tsim thiab pleev xim, uas tau pleev xim rau thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog stucco. Tom qab ntawd, hauv crypts thiab sarcophagi, cov shards tau txuas rau ib leeg, tsim ib qho zoo ib yam ntawm tag nrho lub hub, tais los yog goblet.

Thaum kawg, cov txuj ci zoo ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws tsiv mus rau Ltalis. Tam sim no cov Latins tau siv cov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov tswv qub los kho lub neej ntawm lawv cov txheeb ze tuag.

Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, kev pleev xim ntawm cov hlab ntsha tom qab qhov poob ntawm Hellas maj mam ploj mus thiab poob rau hauv qhov tsis nco qab. Lub Tebchaws Roman tau tsim los ua lub xeev ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov neeg saib xyuas, tsis yog lub neej kev xav ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav thiab cov neeg tsim khoom.

Yog li, hauv kab lus no peb tau tham txog kev pleev xim rau lub vase thaum ub. Qhov no yog thawj daim duab kos duab uas adorns ntau tshaj ib lub ntiaj teb lub tsev cia puav pheej hauv ob txhiab xyoo. Masterpieces ntawm ancient Greek vase painting tseem amaze cov kws tshawb fawb thiab connoisseurs ntawm art.

Nyob zoo rau koj, cov neeg nyeem! Kev taug kev ntev thiab muaj yeeb yuj.