Npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting. Cov duab ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov duab qub Lavxias yog ncaj qha ntsig txog kev kos duab ntawm Byzantium, lossis yog nws ceg ntoo muaj zog. Txij li thaum nws txoj kev loj hlob yog txuam nrog kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia, lub ntsiab kos duab qhia txog lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg ntseeg thiab biblical scenes. Lub npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting paub meej tias qhov no: "Lub Annunciation ntawm Ustyug", "Peb poj niam ntawm Oranta", "Christmas". Txoj kev taw qhia no muaj nyob rau ntau pua xyoo.

Scenic Age

Keeb kwm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting yog conditionally muab faib ua ob lub sij hawm loj. Thawj qhov tshwm sim los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm 9th mus rau 13th caug xyoo. Nws yog hu ua kos duab ntawm Kievan Rus.

Lub sijhawm thib ob yog cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim lub xeev Muscovite. Thaum lub sij hawm nws txoj kev loj hlob (los ntawm 13th mus rau 17th centuries), ib tug tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab tau sau. Lub sijhawm loj, tig mus, tau muab faib ua cov theem me, uas cuam tshuam nrog qee yam xwm txheej keeb kwm uas tau tso lawv cov duab rau ntawm cov duab thiab cov dab neeg. Cov npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting uas tau tsimtseem nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej Christian, tsis paub.

Pagan txoj kev ntseeg ntawm cov ntsuj plig ntawm cov ntsiab lus, kev pe hawm ntawm lawv, tso peb cov horns ntawm ncig saib, inlaid nrog nyias nyiaj, ntau yam duab ntawm lub hnub, noog, paj - txhua yam uas tib neeg lub sijhawm ntawd ntseeg. Cov tuam tsev nrog cov mlom hnub qub rov qab mus rau 980 tau khaws cia hauv Kyiv. Cov duab ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting twb txuam nrog Perrun, Khors, Makosha thiab lwm yam pagan vajtswv.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Byzantium hauv kev txhim kho kev kos duab ntawm Russia

Keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm ceg ntoo Byzantine pib nrog kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir. Ntau tus kws tsim khoom raug caw los txhim kho cov tuam tsev thiab qhia cov khoom siv tes ua thiab cov duab kos duab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos. Lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws yog ntoo. Hmoov tsis, nws tsis tau khaws cia.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th Batu cov tub rog tau rhuav tshem yuav luag txhua lub nroog Lavxias. Nyob rau hauv lub ciaj sia taus Pskov thiab Novgorod, craftsmen txuas ntxiv mus tsim. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog tus naas ej Theophanes lub Greek, ib tug neeg ntawm Byzantium. Nws ua haujlwm rau nws tus kheej thiab qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm, ib tus ntawm yog Andrei Rublev. Cov npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting los ntawm lub icon neeg pleev kob - "Annunciation", "Archangel Gabriel", "Descent mus rau hauv ntuj raug txim" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg - yog dav paub txawm rau cov neeg uas tsis heev fond ntawm kos duab.

Rublev's iconography

Andrey Rublev lub cim thiab frescoes tau dhau los ua tus qauv rau txhua tiam neeg. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog permeated nrog rau kev xav thiab txo hwj chim, warmth thiab hlub rau Tswv Yexus. Qhov no tus yam ntxwv txawv nws txoj hauj lwm los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Theophanes. Greek, uas qhia Rublev. Tus tswv Byzantine sau assertively thiab tragically, nws tsim. Andrei Rublev muab ib feem ntawm nws tus ntsuj plig rau hauv txhua qhov ntawm nws cov phiaj xwm. Lub ancient Lavxias teb sab painting ntawm lub icon neeg pleev kob tawm tsis connoisseurs los yog cov neeg zoo tib yam indifferent.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, thaum Russia tau tshem ntawm tus quab ntawm Tatar-Mongol, Moscow pib vam meej thiab hloov mus rau hauv ib qho chaw tiag tiag - lub peev ntawm lub xeev muaj zog. Architecture tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias. Moscow Kremlin chim siab dhau qhov kev lees paub. Ib tug loj architectural pawg tau tshwm sim uas adorned lub Cathedral Square. Cov tuam tsev tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau lub cim thiab frescoes ntawm kev zoo nkauj txawv txawv.

Lub sijhawm no, cov khoom siv tes ua tau zoo dua. Princely thiab boyar cov tsev neeg tau pib xaj cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, khob, tais diav, feem ntau tau nthuav tawm rau cov tuam tsev thiab cov tuam tsev.

Kev xaws khaub ncaws ntawm Russia thaum ub yog dav paub. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws yog sawv cev hauv Solovetsky Monastery. Craftswomen embroidered lub veils "Kirill Belozersky", marching iconostases, "Lub Hlawv Niam ntawm Vajtswv" thiab lwm yam. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau nthuav tawm hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias thiab ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev.

Lub xyoo pua 17th yog nto moo rau nws cov kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj hauv architecture. Lub cuab tam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Armory, tsim los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws. Tib lub sij hawm yog cim los ntawm qhov pib ntawm portrait art nyob rau hauv Russia. Lub ntsej muag muaj koob muaj npe tau piav qhia hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kos duab icon. Lub npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting nyob rau hauv parsunnyTej hauj lwm tau paub dav, piv txwv li, "Suav Hla" los ntawm Bogdan S altanov.

Cov xwm txheej xyoo 1917 ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg Vajtswv. Ntau lub monuments ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting thiab architecture tau ploj mus ib txhis, uas ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua mus kawm lub Great Orthodox era. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd, kev txaus siab ntawm nws keeb kwm tau dhau los thiab tam sim no, ntawm nws lub ncov, cov cim rov qab coj lawv qhov chaw raug cai hauv pawg ntseeg Lavxias.