Bernini Lorenzo: biography, muaj tswv yim

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Hais txog kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lorenzo Bernini tsuas yog piv rau cov haujlwm zoo ntawm cov tswv ntawm Renaissance hauv Ltalis. Tom qab Michelangelo, nws yog tus kws kos duab thiab sculptor loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, thiab kuj yog ib tug ntawm cov creators ntawm Baroque style - lub xeem tiag tiag "grand style" nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm tag nrho cov European art.

Keeb kwm thiab thawj ua haujlwm

Bernini Lorenzo yug hauv Naples xyoo 1598. Nws yug los hauv tsev neeg ntawm Pietro Bernini, tus kws kos duab nto moo. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, Giovanni tsiv mus rau Rome nrog nws txiv. Txij thaum ntawd los, nws lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm tau txuas nrog "lub nroog nyob mus ib txhis". Ntau yam haujlwm tau tsim los ntawm Lorenzo Bernini. Cov duab ntawm ib co ntawm lawv tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no.

thawj cov haujlwm paub tab ntawm Bernini suav nrog cov hauv qab no: cov duab puab "Pluto thiab Proserpina", "Aeneas thiab Anchises", "Apollo thiab Daphne", thiab cov pej thuam marble ntawm David. Lub xyoo ntawm lawv tsim yog 1619-1625. Bernini ua tiav cov haujlwm no los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Cardinal Scipione Borghese, tus neeg nyiam ua haujlwmkos duab. Hauv kev tsim ntawm Lorenzo, muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov yas qub thiab Renaissance. Thiab daim duab ntawm Apollo tuaj yeem pom tias yog qiv ncaj qha los ntawm Hellenistic duab puab. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, Bernini yuav luag tag rov xav txog cov kev cai qub. Nws cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev xav ntawm lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab qhov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws cov duab puab. Kuv kuj txaus siab rau qhov kev zoo siab ntawm cov haujlwm no.

Lub hnub qub ntawm Bernini txoj kev muaj tswv yim hais txog kev txhawb nqa twb siab dua, uas yog Cardinal Maffeo Barberini. Nws tau los ua Pope Urban VIII hauv 1623. Hauv kev kos duab ntawm Bernini ntawm lub sijhawm no, cov tswv yim ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, uas txhawb nqa tag nrho European Baroque thiab, tshwj xeeb, Italian, tau qhia tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv lawv, medieval religiosity zoo li yuav tsum tau rov xav nyob rau hauv ib tug secular txoj kev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog sib cais los ntawm sab nraud pomposity. Bernini, txhawb nqa los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, txhim kho cov vaj tsev zoo nkauj. Nws tsim lub thaj txi ntuj, qhov chaw, monuments, sculptural portraits, tombstones (nrog rau lub npe nrov tombstone ntawm Nroog VIII).

Qhov ntau yam ntawm Bernini lub peev xwm

Nyob hauv tus neeg ntawm Bernini, tus kws kos duab thiab sculptor tau ua ke; lub taub hau ntawm lub rooj cob qhia loj uas tau ua ntau yam haujlwm; theatre decorator, painter, performer thiab comedy sau ntawv thiab kos duab theorist. Nws piv nws cov hauj lwm nrog lub dav hlau haib ntawm cov ciav nws tsim. Tab sis cov duab puab tseem yog daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Bernini. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Baroque style tau ua tiav tag nrho hauv nws.

Sculpture los ntawm Bernini

Bernini cov duab puab ua ke nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev xav, kev ua yeeb yam thiab "kev tsa nto" nrog rau sab hauv, mysticism nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws, kev ntshaw rau qhov zoo ib yam nrog lub zog tseem ceeb uas muab cov organic ncaj ncees rau cov ntaub ntawv yas. Txhawm rau daws cov haujlwm sib txawv uas ntsib nws, Bernini zoo li tsis muaj cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm cov khoom thiab cov lus qhia ntawm cov duab puab. Nws ua rau marble yaj, khoov thiab ntws zoo li siv quav ciab. Cov khoom siv tsis zoo no nyob hauv nws txhais tes zoo kawg nkaus qhia qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov ntaub thiab rhiab ntawm tib neeg daim tawv nqaij. Tsis tas li ntawd, Lorenzo Bernini ua rau kev siv ntau yam ntawm lub teeb thiab xim. Ib tug luv luv biography, hmoov tsis, tsis tso cai nyob rau hauv kom meej txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov duab puab. Thiab koj tuaj yeem tham txog lawv ntev heev…

Church of St. Peter

Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Bernini, tha xim ua ib qho ntawm cov duab puab, thiab tom kawg tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Nyob rau hauv lem, nws yog suav nrog nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv infinity. Lub picturesqueness thiab grandiosity ntawm lub zeem muag Baroque yog qhia nrog lub zog loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv "Chair of St. Peter" rau Roman Cathedral ntawm St. Peter. Lub xyoo ntawm nws creation yog 1656-1665. Ntawm lub plinth loj ua los ntawm liab-daj jasper thiab dub-thiab-dawb marble, sculptor tsa 4 bronze mlom ntawm "txiv ntawm pawg ntseeg", sib tham nrog lawv tus kheej. Saum toj no lawv tsa ib lub zwm txwv tooj liab thiab "lub rooj zaum ntawm St. Peter". Cov huab swirl ntau dua, ib tug tswv tsev ntawm golden rays yog tsivbronze tim tswv. Thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov tawg ntawm qhov teeb meem no, ntawm cosmic kev pab, muaj ib tug tiag tiag lub teeb pouring los ntawm puag ncig lub qhov rais ntawm lub cathedral. Nws coj tag nrho cov sau ua ke, sib npaug.

Ecstasy ntawm St. Teresa

Txawm li cas los xij, cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab puab los ntawm Bernini suav nrog pawg duab puab thiab ntau yam yooj yim. Nws yog hu ua "Lub Ecstasy ntawm St. Teresa". Cov pab pawg no tau tsim los ntawm 1645 thiab 1647 rau pawg ntseeg ntawm Santa Maria della Vittoria, commissioned los ntawm Cardinal Carnaro. Tus sculptor piav txog lub zeem muag mystical ntawm tus txiv plig Spanish uas nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 16th nrog tib qhov tseeb uas nws tau piav qhia hauv cov ntawv. Raws li yog los ntawm lub thawv ua yeeb yam, los ntawm lub niches ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj phab ntsa, cov pej thuam ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Carnaro tsev neeg zoo li "saib" ntawm Bernini lub creation.

St. Teresa, txeeb nrog languor, thiab ib tug tubtxib saum ntuj nrog ib tug fiery xub, thiab hnub ci, uas Bernini materialized nyob rau hauv golden rays, thiab ib tug huab nyob rau hauv uas cov duab soar. Nrog rau kev puas siab puas ntsws sharpness thiab striking realism, Bernini Lorenzo qhia ib lub xeev ntawm kev ntseeg ecstasy. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws ua tiav qhov kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tsis muaj tseeb thiab qhov hnyav ntawm nws cov cim. Zoo li cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov duab tau khaws los ntawm cua daj cua dub.

"Secular" sculptures los ntawm Bernini

Lorenzo Bernini, uas nws tej hauj lwm muaj ntau haiv neeg, kuj hu ua "secular" sculptor. Nws yog tus sau ntau yam duab. Lawv kuj embody lub tswv yim Baroque. MainLub peculiarity ntawm lub portrait nyob rau hauv no style yog ib tug paradoxical ua ke ntawm lub illusory plausibility ntawm tus qauv zoo li, lub instantaneous lub xeev, thiab kev xav ntawm timeless grandeur, nyob mus ib txhis tom qab lawv. Nws zoo li cov cim tsim los ntawm Bernini Lorenzo nyob, tham, ua pa, gesticulate, thiab qee zaum "tawm" lawv cov thav ntawv. Peb tsis pom tooj liab thiab marble, tab sis cov txhob lo lo ntxhuav ntawm lawv lub tsho, lace ntawm jabot, ntaub ntawm lub cloaks. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus ntawm lawv tau nce siab saum lub neej niaj hnub, imbued nrog lub zog tshwj xeeb tsis yog tus kheej. Qhov no siv tau rau ntau yam haujlwm, txawm tias muaj kev sib raug zoo xws li lub bust ntawm Bernini tus hlub Constance Buonarelli. Thiab qhov no tag nrho siv rau kev ua koob tsheej portraits, reminiscent ntawm solemn odes. Qhov no, piv txwv li, yog ib daim duab ntawm Louis XIV lossis Duke d'Este. Rau Louis, nws tsis tsim ib qho, tab sis ob txoj haujlwm zoo. Qhov no yog, thawj zaug, marble bust, zoo li ya saum lub pedestal (daim duab hauv qab no).

Thiab qhov thib ob, qhov no yog tus pej thuam equestrian zoo li nplaim taws tawg.

Bernini architecture thiab chaw

Lorenzo Bernini muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub npe hu ua Baroque Rome. Nyob rau hauv xws li masterpieces ntawm architecture li lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Sant'Andrea al Quirinal, lub colonnade ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm St. Petra (daim duab hauv qab no), lub "Rock of Reggia" staircase nyob rau hauv Vatican, tus tswv zoo li yuav tshuab tag nrho cov txheej txheem architectural.

Nws txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb tsis yog los tsim ib co monuments xwb, tab sis los npaj qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog. Bernini Lorenzo xav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm squares thiab txoj kev. Nws siv ob qho tib si yas thiab architectural txhais tau hais tias. Cov chaw nto moo ("Moor", "Barkaccia", "Four Rivers" (pictured nram qab no), "Triton", thiab "Trevi", ua tom qab nws tuag ntawm tus sau) yog ib tug synthesis ntawm cov nyiaj no. Lawv embodied lub neej-paub tseeb thiab spontaneous-natural pib ntawm Baroque nrog lub zog loj tshaj.

Kev tuag ntawm Bernini thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm Baroque

Lorenzo Bernini tuag xyoo 1680. Biography (muaj tswv yim) ntawm tus tswv yuav luag coincided nrog lub chronology ntawm no style. Nyob rau hauv lub lem ntawm lub 17th thiab 18th centuries. lub zog muaj zog ntawm baroque muab txoj hauv kev rau tinsel thiab superficial rhetoric, los yog nws hloov mus rau hauv rococo, sib zog ua kom zoo nkauj elegance.