Chronotope hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog qeb tseem ceeb ntawm kev piav dab neeg

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov ntawv nyeem, zoo li lwm yam kev kos duab, yog tsim los cuam tshuam qhov kev muaj tiag nyob ib puag ncig. Xws li lub neej ntawm ib tug neeg, nws txoj kev xav, kev paub, kev ua thiab xwm txheej. Pawg ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm tus sau daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

History of the term

Lub tswv yim ntawm chronotope los ntawm Greek thaum ub "chronos" (lub sijhawm) thiab "topos" (qhov chaw) thiab qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm spatial thiab sab cev nqaij daim tawv, tsom rau kev qhia lub ntsiab lus.

Thawj zaug lo lus no tau siv los ntawm tus kws kho mob hlwb Ukhtomsky hauv kev txuas nrog nws txoj kev tshawb fawb lub cev. Qhov tshwm sim thiab siv dav ntawm lo lus chronotope feem ntau yog vim qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm ntuj tsim ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, uas ua rau rov xav txog cov duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho. Kev nthuav dav ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm chronotope nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov zoo ntawm tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb, philosopher, literary critic, philologist thiab culturologist M. M. Bakhtin.

Bakhtin's chronotope tswvyim

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm M. M. Bakhtin, mob siab rau qeb ntawm lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw, yog "Cov Ntawvlub sijhawm thiab chronotope hauv qhov tshiab. Essays ntawm keeb kwm poetics", sau nyob rau hauv 1937-1938. thiab luam tawm xyoo 1975. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau nws tus kheej hauv txoj haujlwm no, tus sau pom kev kawm txog lub tswvyim ntawm chronotope nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov tshiab raws li ib hom ntawv nyeem. Bakhtin raws li nws kev tsom xam ntawm European thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov dab neeg qub qub. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm, tus sau qhia tau hais tias cov duab ntawm ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, muab tso rau hauv tej yam spatio-temporal tej yam kev mob, muaj peev xwm tau txais keeb kwm tseem ceeb. Raws li Bakhtin sau tseg, chronotope ntawm qhov tshiab feem ntau txiav txim siab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov cim. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li Bakhtin, chronotope yog ib qho kev qhia txog kev ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, Bakhtin muab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lo lus no hauv kev nkag siab txog cov lus piav qhia thiab lawv txoj kev loj hlob.

Chronotope tus nqi

Lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw hauv kev sau ntawv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab kos duab, uas ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tiag tiag thiab teeb tsa cov haujlwm ua haujlwm. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thaum tsim ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm kos duab, tus sau endows qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws nrog subjective yam ntxwv uas qhia txog tus sau lub ntiaj teb no saib. Yog li ntawd, qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm ntawm ib qho haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab yuav tsis zoo ib yam li qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm ntawm lwm txoj haujlwm, thiab ntau dua yuav tsis zoo ib yam li qhov chaw tiag tiag thiab lub sijhawm. Yog li, chronotope nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw-lub sij hawm kev sib raug zoo mastered nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb kos duab.ua haujlwm.

Chronotope muaj nuj nqi

Ntxiv nrog rau hom kev ua haujlwm uas Bakhtin tau sau tseg, chronotope kuj ua rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb-kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm, i.e. tso lub hauv paus ntawm cov duab kos duab, cov chronotope hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog ib hom kev ywj pheej duab uas tau pom nyob rau theem associative-intuitive. Los ntawm kev teeb tsa qhov chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm, chronotope qhia tus nyeem ntawv rau hauv nws thiab tib lub sijhawm ua rau tus nyeem ntawv lub siab koom nrog kev sib txuas ntawm kev kos duab tag nrho thiab ib puag ncig kev muaj tiag.

Lub tswvyim ntawm chronotope hauv kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub

Vim tias cov chronotope hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus, cov haujlwm ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm ob lub xyoo dhau los thiab tam sim no tau mob siab rau nws txoj kev kawm. Tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau kev faib cov chronotopes. Vim lub convergence ntawm lub ntuj, kev sib raug zoo thiab tib neeg sciences nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum tsis ntev los no, mus kom ze rau txoj kev kawm ntawm chronotope tau hloov loj heev. Ntau zuj zus, kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib koom tes tau raug siv, uas tso cai rau kev tshawb pom tshiab ntawm kev kos duab thiab nws tus kws sau ntawv.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntawv tshawb fawb semiotic thiab hermeneutic ua kom pom tias chronotope ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab qhia txog cov xim thiab lub suab tonality ntawm qhov kev muaj tiag, thiab tseem qhia txog kev sib dhos ntawm kev ua thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. kev loj hlob ntawm cov xwm txheej. Cov txheej txheem no pab kom nkag siab qhov chaw kos duab thiab lub sijhawmib qho kev kos npe uas muaj cov lej semantic (keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai, kev ntseeg-mythical, thaj chaw, thiab lwm yam). Raws li kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no ntawm chronotope hauv cov ntawv nyeem tau txawv:

• cyclic chronotope;
• linear chronotope;
• chronotope ntawm eternity;
• nonlinear chronotope.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qee cov kws tshawb fawb txiav txim siab cais pawg ntawm qhov chaw thiab qeb ntawm lub sijhawm, thaum lwm tus xav txog cov pawg no hauv kev sib raug zoo uas tsis tuaj yeem, uas, dhau los, txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau ntawv.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, lub tswv yim ntawm chronotope tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws raws li kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov thiab tsim tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sau ntawv.