Lub tswv yim thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab "Quiet Don"
Lub tswv yim thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab "Quiet Don"

Video: Lub tswv yim thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab "Quiet Don"

Video: Lub tswv yim thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab
Video: Who Was Louisa May Alcott? Short Biography with Face Animation 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Mikhail Sholokhov yog qhov tshiab "Quiet Don". Hauv txoj haujlwm no, tus kws sau ntawv tau nthuav tawm nws cov txuj ci kev sau ntawv thiab muaj peev xwm ntseeg tau thiab nthuav qhia txog lub neej ntawm Don Cossacks. Cov ntawv sau, hla cuaj xyoo, tau kov yeej ntau yam teeb meem ua ntej nws luam tawm. Zaj dab neeg ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab "Quiet Flows the Don" txhim kho li cas?

Donshchina

Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm kev sau Don Stories, Sholokhov tau los nrog lub tswv yim los piav txog txoj hmoo nyuaj ntawm Don Cossacks hauv 1917 kiv puag ncig. Yog li pib lub keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm lub tshiab "Quet Flows lub Don". Cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm Kornilov lub phiaj xwm tawm tsam Petrograd nrog kev koom tes ntawm Cossacks hu ua "Donshchina". Tom qab pib ua haujlwm thiab tau sau ob peb nplooj ntawv ntawm txoj haujlwm, Sholokhov xav txog seb phau ntawv puas yuav txaus siab rau cov neeg nyeem. Tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej loj hlob hauv Don ua liaj ua teb, yog li cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia hauv cov ntawv sau tau nyob ze thiab nkag siab rau nws. MichaelAlexandrovich xav txog kev tsim ib txoj hauj lwm uas yuav piav tsis tau tsuas yog lub kiv puag ncig, tab sis kuj cov xwm txheej ua ntej nws. Sholokhov xav txog cov laj thawj uas yog vim li cas Cossacks txiav txim siab los koom rau hauv cov xwm txheej hloov pauv, thiab tseem tsim cov cim uas nws txoj hmoo tau pom Cossack lub neej ntawm cov xyoo ntawd tshwj xeeb yog vividly. Yog li ntawd, Sholokhov muab phau ntawv lub npe "Quiet Flows the Don" thiab pib sau cov ntawv tshiab.

keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm qhov tshiab Quiet Don
keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm qhov tshiab Quiet Don

Cov khoom siv

Tus kws sau ntawv yuav qhia rau cov neeg nyeem txog cov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm xyoo ntawd, yog li keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv tshiab "Qiet Flows the Don" pib nrog kev mus xyuas los ntawm Sholokhov mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Moscow thiab Rostov.. Nyob ntawd nws kawm cov ntawv xov xwm qub thiab ntawv xov xwm, nyeem cov ntawv tshwj xeeb tub rog thiab cov phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Don Cossacks.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov phooj ywg uas tau nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw, Sholokhov tau txais lub sijhawm kom paub txog ntau yam ntawm cov thawj coj, nrog rau cov ntawv teev npe ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, uas tau piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej ua tub rog. Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau phau ntawv, tus kws sau ntawv tau ua haujlwm zoo heev hauv keeb kwm. Cov ntawv tshiab nquag siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua tsov rog tiag tiag: nplooj ntawv, ntawv, xov tooj, xaj thiab kev daws teeb meem. Sholokhov kuj ntxiv nws memoirs rau hauv phau ntawv - tus kws sau ntawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov detachment thiab nquag koom nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam bandits. Yog li, ntau scenes los ntawm tus kheej impressions ntawm tus sau.

keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm cov tshiab Quiet Don luv
keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm cov tshiab Quiet Don luv

Ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom

Yuav kom nkag siab nws tus kheej hauv qhov chaw ntawm Cossack lub neej, tus kws sau ntawv tau tsiv mus rau xyoo 1926.mus rau lub Don thiab twb muaj nws pib ua hauj lwm rau cov hauj lwm. Tau nyob hauv lub zos Veshenskaya, tus kws sau ntawv pom nws tus kheej hauv nws ib puag ncig. Mikhail Sholokhov, uas loj hlob hauv Cossacks, nkag siab zoo txog kev xav ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws, paub txog lawv txoj kev ua neej thiab kev coj ncaj ncees.

Xyoo 1927, zaj dab neeg ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv tshiab "Quiet Flows the Don" pib tsim, piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov xwm txheej uas tus sau muab faib ua 4 ntim. Nws siv sijhawm ntau los kos cov qauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, txij li tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntau qhov tseeb, cov xwm txheej thiab tib neeg. Cov cim tshiab thiab cov duab keeb kwm tshwm sim hauv cov tshiab: Chernetsov, Krasnov, Kornilov. Hauv kev ua haujlwm "Quiet Don" muaj ntau dua 200 tus neeg tiag tiag, nrog rau 150 cov cim tshiab tsim los ntawm tus sau. Qee cov cim tau tsim tiav nrog rau zaj dab neeg tshiab, thaum lwm tus tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv qee qhov xwm txheej.

muaj tswv yim keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm epic tshiab Quiet Don
muaj tswv yim keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm epic tshiab Quiet Don

Novel title

Rau ib tug neeg Lavxias, tus dej Don tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm txoj hmoo nyuaj ntawm Cossacks. Lub zog tam sim no tau dhau los ua cov duab ntawm kev thaj yeeb ntawm tib neeg lub neej, thiab tom qab ntawd nws pom cov kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev hloov pauv. Txij thaum ancient sij hawm, Cossacks tau koom nrog kev ua liaj ua teb. Don ua liaj ua teb tsis muaj kev zam - cov av muaj fertile, yog li cov tsev neeg nyob raws ntug dej.

Lub neej ntawm tus neeg ua liaj ua teb yog ntsuas thiab piv nrog tus dej ntws ntws. Tab sis lub neej ib txwm tau hloov pauv rau cov pej xeem, thiab lub npe ntawm phau ntawv tau txais lub ntsiab lus txawv: nws tsis yog ib qho dej siab ntawm Don, tab sis thaj av ntawm Don, uas ib txwm nyob hauv Cossacks thiab tsis yog. Kuv tau pom kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv kuv lub neej.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv tshiab "Quiet Don" qhia tias lub npe ntawm phau ntawv siv cov lus tsis sib haum xeeb, vim hais tias hauv Sholokhov cov ntawv tshiab, tus dej muaj kev kub ntxhov, muaj kev ua tsov ua rog, ntshav ntws., neeg tuag. Tab sis lub siab dav ntws ntawm lub ntsiag to Don yuav tsis qhuav, thiab Don Cossacks yuav tsis nres. Thiab cov tub rog yuav rov qab los rau hauv lawv lub tebchaws, thiab tseem yuav nyob hauv lawv thaj av thiab ua liaj ua teb.

keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm epic tshiab Quiet Don
keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm epic tshiab Quiet Don

Kev ua haujlwm

Lub Quiet Flows the Don yog ib qho tshiab epic, raws li phau ntawv qhia txog qhov tseeb ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, nrog rau ntau tus phab ej uas koom nrog pawg neeg sib txawv thiab nom tswv. Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntawv tshiab dhau los ntev heev - 9 xyoo, piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm 1912 txog 1921. Nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm, tag nrho cov kev ua ntawm tus protagonist yog correlated nrog lub neej ntawm cov pejxeem thiab xwm. Cov keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab "Quiet Flows the Don" qhia txog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj pes tsawg leeg: ntawm ib sab, nws yog kev hlub thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb lub neej, thiab ntawm lwm yam, kev lim hiam thiab kev ua tub rog.

YGrigory Melekhov

Lub tswv yim thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv tshiab "Quiet Flows the Don" suav nrog cov phab ej uas nws lub neej tus kws sau ntawv tau sim ua kom sib txuas nrog Don Cossacks. Grigory Melekhov muab ob qho tib si tus cwj pwm thiab lub teb chaws tus yam ntxwv ntawm nws haiv neeg. Tus kws sau ntawv qhia tus protagonist mob siab rau tsev neeg kev coj noj coj ua, tab sis muaj peev xwm ua txhaum txhua yam hauv kev haum ntawm kev mob siab rau. Grigory ua tau zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov rog tag nrho nws yuav nco ntsoov nws lub teb chaws nrog kev xav ntau dua ib zaug.

lub tswv yim thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab Quiet Don
lub tswv yim thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab Quiet Don

Sholokhov tsim ib tus phab ej nrog lub zog sab hauv thiab kev hwm tus kheej, thiab tseem ua rau nws pib ntxeev siab. Lub ntsiab lus hloov hauv keeb kwm, uas hloov qhov kev txiav txim ib txwm ntawm Don Cossacks, coincided nrog kev hloov hauv Grigory tus kheej lub neej. Tus phab ej tsis tuaj yeem xam nrog leej twg nws yuav tsum tau nyob - nrog liab lossis dawb, thiab tseem maj nrawm ntawm ob tus poj niam. Thaum kawg ntawm phau ntawv, Gregory rov qab los tsev rau nws tus tub thiab ib lub tebchaws.

Cov duab poj niam hauv qhov tshiab

Cov keeb kwm muaj tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv tshiab "Quiet Flows the Don" qhia tias tus kws sau ntawv siv cov duab ntawm ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab zoo tib yam los piav txog Grigory Melekhov. Composing lub ntsiab heroines ntawm txoj hauj lwm, Mikhail Sholokhov pib los ntawm nws tus kheej lub tswv yim hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov poj niam Lavxias teb sab.

Nov yog Grigory niam - Ilyinichna, uas embodies lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm txhua tus neeg thiab niam, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev hlub thiab kev khuv leej txawm rau cov neeg ua phem rau nws.

Grigory tus poj niam yog Natalya, uas ua rau tsev neeg mob siab, txawm tias kev txhawj xeeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig vim nws tus txiv tsis hlub nws.

Aksinya, ntawm qhov tod tes, sawv tawm rau nws txoj kev nqhis dej rau kev ywj pheej thiab kev hlub tag nrho - nws ntseeg tias kev sib yuav ua tsis tiav yuav daws nws ntawm txhua qhov kev txhaum rau kev ua txhaum cai thiab kev txwv.

muaj tswv yim keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm cov tshiab Quiet Don
muaj tswv yim keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm cov tshiab Quiet Don

Kev lis kev cai ntawm plagiarism

Thawj ob phau ntawv, luam tawm xyoo 1928, coj tus kws sau ntawv tau zoo. Cov ntawv zoo siab thiab caw kom hais lus tau raug xa mus rau nws, tab sis tsis pub dhau ib xyoos, tus cwj pwm ntawm cov pej xeem tau hloov pauv. Cov neeg tsis ntseeghais tias ib tug hluas thiab tsis txawj sau ntawv sau ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm xws li zoo artic zog ntawm nws tus kheej. Thaum lub sijhawm sau ntawv The Quiet Flows the Don, tus kws sau ntawv muaj hnub nyoog 22 xyoos, thiab ntawm nws qhov kev ua tiav ntawm kev sau ntawv, nws tsuas muaj ib phau ntawv xwb. Hesitation kuj yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias tus sau sau thawj ob phau ntawv nyob rau hauv tsuas yog 2.5 xyoo, thiab tom qab tag nrho, Sholokhov raug suav hais tias yog ib tug neeg kawm tsis zoo, txij li thaum nws kawm tiav 4 chav kawm ntawv xwb.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv tshiab "Quiet Flows the Don" kuj tau ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog kev sau ntawv, cov ntsiab lus uas tau raug liam tias pom nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb tub ceev xwm lub hnab thiab luam tawm los ntawm Sholokhov raws li nws ua hauj lwm. Txhawm rau ua pov thawj nws txoj kev dawb huv, tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke tshwj xeeb commission thiab, nrog rau nws txoj kev pab, refute lub slander. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm peb qhov kev xeem - graphological, kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev sau ntawv - kev sau ntawv tau lees paub.

Publication of the novel

Cov phau ntawv thawj thiab thib ob tau ua tiav zoo nrog cov neeg nyeem, tab sis muaj teeb meem nrog kev tshaj tawm thib peb. Nws thawj tshooj tau tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, tab sis tom qab ntawd cov teeb meem no tau tso tseg. Qhov laj thawj yog tias Sholokhov yog thawj tus kws sau ntawv los piav qhia meej thiab tag nrho cov xwm txheej ntawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog. Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshiab "Quiet Flows the Don" qhia tias nyob rau hauv phau ntawv thib peb, cov neeg kho txiav tawm tag nrho cov tshooj. Sholokhov xaiv tsis hloov.

Cov neeg sau ntawv thuam tau thov kom Grigory Melekhov koom nrog Bolshevism, tab sis cov neeg nyeem tau zoo siab lees txais qhov kev xaiv ntawm tus phab ej, vim tias qhov kev txiav txim siab no tsuas yog txoj cai rau nws. Cov ntawv sau tag nrho ntawm kev ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev hloov kho thiab ntxiv ntawm tus editor tsuas yog luam tawm hauvXyoo 1980.

keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm qhov tshiab Quiet Don cov ntsiab lus
keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm qhov tshiab Quiet Don cov ntsiab lus

keeb kwm muaj tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv tshiab "Quiet Don" tsis yog yooj yim, tab sis txawm tias txhua yam teeb meem, qhov tshiab tau txais koob meej thoob ntiaj teb thiab tau txais kev hlub ntawm cov neeg nyeem los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws.

Pom zoo: