Quattrocento yog Lub ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim, yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev tsim zoo thiab lawv cov neeg tsim nto moo

Cov txheej txheem:

Quattrocento yog Lub ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim, yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev tsim zoo thiab lawv cov neeg tsim nto moo
Quattrocento yog Lub ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim, yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev tsim zoo thiab lawv cov neeg tsim nto moo

Video: Quattrocento yog Lub ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim, yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev tsim zoo thiab lawv cov neeg tsim nto moo

Video: Quattrocento yog Lub ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim, yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev tsim zoo thiab lawv cov neeg tsim nto moo
Video: Kuv Hmoov Phem Los Koj Siab Phem-LOKY(Official MV ) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lub Renaissance, lossis Renaissance, yog lub sijhawm zoo kawg nkaus uas tau muab lub ntiaj teb lub galaxy ntawm tus tswv zoo thiab ntau yam uas tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev kos duab ntawm ntau pua xyoo tom ntej. Dab tsi yog tam sim no suav hais tias yog lub sijhawm-honoured classic yog tom qab ntawd yog ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab. Allocate nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance Quattrocento - lub sij hawm uas npog lub XV caug xyoo.

Renaissance

Dab tsi tau rov kho dua hauv Renaissance? Nws lub npe yog txuam nrog kev rov qab mus rau qhov zoo nkauj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev qub qub. Tsis muaj kev tawm ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv, cov kws kos duab thiab cov sculptors suav nrog cov ntsiab lus thaum ub hauv lawv cov ntawv sau, thiab cov cim hauv phau Vajlugkub tau pib zoo li cov vajtswv qub thiab cov phab ej. Nws yog ib hom rollback, thaw tom qab hnyav nruab nrab hnub nyoog. Cov centuries nyuaj no nrog kev cai dab qhuas fanaticism thiab intolerance nqa tus ntsuj plig ntawm contempt rau txhua yam carnal thiab ntiaj teb no. Cov pej thuam Gothic tau qhuav, ascetic thiab tsis yog ib txwm ntseeg, tha xim yog me ntsis sib cais los ntawm cov duab kos duab.

Quattrocento era
Quattrocento era

Nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance muaj ib tug rov qab mus rauaesthetics ntawm lub ntiaj teb, corporality, sensuality. Ib qho ntawm nws cov cim tseem ceeb yog kev muaj siab rau kev sib haum xeeb. Qhov no tau qhia tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv painting. Ib lub tswv yim txuas nrog kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib npaug yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev txhim kho ntau yam. Ob peb lub sijhawm tsim muaj ntau "neeg thoob ntiaj teb". Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog Leonardo da Vinci - engineer thiab inventor, artist thiab architect, philosopher thiab sau ntawv, biologist thiab anatomist … Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau enumerate cov cheeb tsam nws kov. Thiab tseem, lawv hais tias, tus loj heev ntawm Renaissance tau hu nkauj zoo heev, ntaus suab paj nruag, nyiam kev tawm dag zog lub cev thiab txawv ntawm lub zog loj. Cov tswv yim ntawm tus txiv neej universal ua rau tsim cov tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj ntau yam kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txhawb nqa. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, lawv tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev kawm niaj hnub nrog nws qhov dav ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb.

Quattrocento yog dab tsi

Lo lus quattrocento los ntawm Italian rau "plaub puas". Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm lub sij hawm Renaissance, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, yog li nws yog txuam nrog lub 1400s.

Quattrocento yog qhov hloov pauv hauv kev txhim kho European kab lis kev cai. Tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no qhia ib tug ntse leap los ntawm medieval iconography, ib co naivety thiab decorativeness mus rau lub realism thiab liveliness ntawm lub Renaissance. Quattrocento tau tsim thiab tshwm sim hauv Ltalis, ib yam li Renaissance nws tus kheej, uas sai sai pib cuam tshuam rau lwm lub tebchaws. Florence yog qhov chaw ntawm kev hloov pauv. Antique dluab tau dhau los ua ntau thiab dav hauv cov duab kos duab ntawm Quattrocento. Tib motifs pervade duab puab thiab architecture.

Yuav ua li cas ua ntej?

Nws tsim nyog pib txij thaum pib, thiabprecisely los ntawm dab tsi ua ntej lub quattrocento - trecento. Lub sijhawm no tseem hu ua Proto-Renaissance. Lub ntsiab tig mus rau lub Renaissance manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv painting. Tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm trecento yog Giotto li Bondone. Txawm hais tias qhov sib thooj ntawm nws cov haujlwm rau lub cim, lawv twb muaj lub ntim, qhia los ntawm chiaroscuro.

Ntxiv rau, lub sijhawm no tau pom qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Petrarch, Dante, Boccaccio yog imbued nrog lub siab tshiab ntawm tib neeg.

Quattrocento Art

Peb tus ncej ntawm Quattrocento tuaj yeem hu ua tus kws kos duab Masaccio, tus sculptor Donatello thiab tus kws kes duab vajtse Brunelleschi. Muaj lwm cov neeg tsim tawm uas tau tso ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub sijhawm no.

Quattrocento painting tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev xav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws pib hauv architecture.

Painting

Paolo Uccello Lub tswv yim ntawm kev xav tau tshwm sim ib qho kev ua si sib txawv. Tus kws kos duab nyiam piav qhia cov plag tsev checkered, chav puv ntawm cov ces kaum. Muaj tseeb tiag, ntau yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm tseem dais lub cim ntawm yav dhau los kab lig kev cai, lawv yooj yim to taub nrog medieval sawv daws yuav.

Paolo Uccello chav
Paolo Uccello chav

Masaccio, ntawm qhov tod tes, nyiam siv qhov kev xav los muab cov duab tangibility thiab tseem ceeb. Lub npe tiag tiag ntawm tus kws kos duab yog Tommaso di Giovanni di Simone Cassai. Masaccio, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog lub npe menyuam yaus nrog lub ntsiab lus tsis zoo, lub ntsiab lus "loj" lossis "clumsy." Zoo li ntau tus cwj pwm muaj tswv yim, tus kws kos duab tsis nco qab, me ntsis cais tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tab sis nws txawv ntawm qhov dav ntawm nws tus ntsuj plig thiab lub siab zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov creations yog frescoes ntawm lub tsev teev ntujBrancacci, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Kev Tshem Tawm los ntawm Lub Vaj Kaj Siab. Cov duab yog monumental thiab sculptural. Lawv zoo li tsis tau kos, tab sis molded nrog kev pab los ntawm chiaroscuro.

Hmoov tsis zoo, tus kws kos duab tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 27 xyoo xwb. Tab sis tej hauj lwm uas nws tswj los tsim hais txog nws lub hwj chim muaj tswv yim.

Fragment ntawm painting ntawm Brancacci Chapel los ntawm Masaccio
Fragment ntawm painting ntawm Brancacci Chapel los ntawm Masaccio

Lwm tus kws kos duab nto moo Quattrocento yog Andrea Mantegna. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, ib tug yuav soj ntsuam qhov kev hloov ntawm medieval icon painting rau anatomical cov duab thiab nthuav qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag. Nws raug suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm painting ntawm canvas. Ib txhia ntawm Mantegna tej hauj lwm yog txawv los ntawm ib tug heev bold xaiv ntawm lub kaum sab xis - piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab painting, cov tubtxib saum ntuj yog pom los ntawm lub hauv qab. Nyob rau hauv daim duab "Tuag Tswv Yexus" lub cev ntawm tus Cawm Seej kuj pom los ntawm ob txhais ceg. Kom ua tiav qhov kev nthuav qhia, qhov sib piv yog me ntsis distorted - taw me me piv rau lub taub hau.

Tuag Christ Mantegna
Tuag Christ Mantegna

Tus kws ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Quattrocento era yog Sandro Botticelli. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tus ntsuj plig ntawm qhov pib ntawm Renaissance yog xav txog nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Venus - "Lub Hnub Yug ntawm Venus" thiab "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav". Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm tus kws kos duab no yog txawv me ntsis ntawm cov duab poj niam paub txog lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov muaj zog, sib npaug cov duab raws li cov tswv yim qub, nws Venus zoo li tsis yooj yim, tiv thaiv thiab tsis paub. Txawm li ntawd los nws kuj qhia txog lub hwj chim ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Venus yog lub embodiment ntawm kev hlub. Tus kws kos duab, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub voj voog ntawm Florentine scholars, nquag siv allegories thiab tso siab rau cov kev pab cuam poetic tsim nyob rau hauv nosociety.

Sculpture

Hauv duab puab, Donatello, uas nws lub npe tiag tiag yog Donato di Nicolò di Betto Bardi, qhia nws tus kheej kom meej meej. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm tus sculptor no yog qhov kev txhawb siab ntawm tus pej thuam dawb-sawv puag ncig, cais nws ntawm architecture. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov pej thuam feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub niches ntawm lub tsev. Qhov no tsis tau tso cai rau tus neeg saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab los ntawm txhua sab. Donatello rov qab mus rau cov kab lig kev cai ntawm ancient sij hawm. Txawm li cas los xij, zaj dab neeg xaiv phau Vajlugkub thiab piav txog David. Tus tub yug yaj hluas, tus huab tais yav tom ntej, zoo li ib tug neeg muaj yeej thaum ub. Nws posture thiab lub cev yog graceful. Donatello qhov kev tsim kho tshiab kuj yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias nws qhia tau hais tias phau Vajlugkub yog liab qab. Lub sijhawm ntawd, qhov no tsis tau hnov txog kev ua siab loj.

Condottiere Gattamelata
Condottiere Gattamelata

Lwm tus nto moo creation ntawm nws yog ib tug monument rau lub condottiere Gattamelata. Tsawg tus neeg paub tias lub npe menyuam yaus ntawm tus thawj coj no tau txhais ua "tus miv cunning". Tus sculptor muab tus pej thuam zoo ib yam li tus neeg nqa khoom, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws txoj haujlwm qhia txog cov duab ntawm tus txiv neej ntawm Hnub Nyoog Tshiab - ntse, ua lag luam, ua siab loj.

Architecture

Lub motifs ntawm antiquity kuj kov architecture. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov masters coj ib tug piv txwv tsis yog los ntawm cov pej thuam thiab frescoes, tab sis los ntawm monumental ancient lug. Cov kab tau dhau los ua qhov nthuav dav. Cov tsev yog proportionate. Thaum lub tsev teev ntuj Gothic zoo li nyuaj, cov tuam tsev Renaissance thiab palaces muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntau dua thiab tuaj yeem coj mus rau ib saib.

Ntsib cov neeg Santa Maria del Fiore
Ntsib cov neeg Santa Maria del Fiore

Nws yog architecture uas tau los ua thawj thaj chaw uas qhov kev xav xav tau nrov. Tus kws kes duab vajtse nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm Quattrocento yog Filippo Brunelleschi. Nws tau tsim ib txoj kev ua lej rau kev xam qhov nrug ntawm cov khoom, suav nrog lawv cov proportions. Qhov no tau ua tiav txhawm rau xav txog qhov piv thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom no ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus nrog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws. Cov qauv no tau txais sai sai los ntawm cov kws kos duab.

Lub tsev nto moo

Thawj qhov kev tsim ntawm Brunelleschi, uas cim qhov kev hloov pauv - lub dome ntawm Cathedral ntawm Santa Maria del Fiore. Nws yog piv rau qhov loj me rau lub dome ntawm Roman Pantheon, uas ntau tus tsim ntawm lub sijhawm no tau ua piv txwv. Tab sis nws tsis yog nyob ntawm ib puag ncig, tab sis ntawm lub hauv paus octagonal.

Tsev kawm ntawv
Tsev kawm ntawv

Tam sim no, tus kws kes duab vajtse tau saib xyuas kev tsim kho lub tsev menyuam ntsuag - ib lub tsev menyuam ntsuag. Lub tsev no kuj tau txais ntau yam khoom qub qub xws li porticos. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm Gothic aspiration upwards thiab abundance ntawm cov pej thuam los ua tshiab … Brunelleschi nteg lub hauv paus rau cov yam ntxwv style ntawm lub palazzo - palaces-mansions.

Quattrocento yog lub sijhawm uas muab lub ntiaj teb ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab, zoo kawg nkaus hauv lawv txoj kev tshav ntuj thiab tib lub sijhawm grandeur.

Pom zoo: