Medici Chapel, Michelangelo: piav qhia thiab duab
Medici Chapel, Michelangelo: piav qhia thiab duab

Video: Medici Chapel, Michelangelo: piav qhia thiab duab

Video: Medici Chapel, Michelangelo: piav qhia thiab duab
Video: ROCKY'S ITALY: The Accademia Gallery in Florence 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Nyob rau hauv 1421-1428, Brunelleschi ua ib lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau sab ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm San Lorenzo (Medici Chapel) nyob rau hauv Florence. Nws tau los ua tus crypt rau Medici lub tsev. Yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab, Pope Leo X tau caw Michelangelo los ua kom tiav nws lub ntsej muag. Vim tsis muaj nyiaj, ua hauj lwm tau tso tseg.

Florence, Lub Koom Txoos ntawm San Lorenzo

Medici chapel
Medici chapel

Lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws hauv Florence yog lub Tuam Tsev San Lorenzo. Nyob rau hauv 339 lub tsev teev ntuj no tau fij los ntawm St. Ambrose, Npis Sov ntawm Milan. Nws tau rov tsim dua thaum lub sijhawm Romanesque thiab rov ua dua tshiab hauv 1059. Nyob rau hauv 1418, lub Medici txiav txim siab los ua kom tiav nws thiab entrusted rau Philip Brunelleschi. Lub tuam tsev sab hauv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tej hauj lwm los ntawm Donatello. Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv tau dhau los ua qhov chaw faus rau tag nrho Medici dukes ntawm kab thib ob ntawm tsev neeg, pib nrog Cosimo I. Nws khav theeb kev nplua nuj thiab lub zog ntawm Medici.

lub Medici Chapel thiab
lub Medici Chapel thiab

Nws puv nrog tag nrho cov tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub nroog ntawm Duchy ntawm Tuscany thiab lub tsho ntawm caj npab ntawm Medici ntawm lub qab nthab. Lub sumptuous sab hauv ntawm Florentine mosaics siv yuav luag ob puas xyoo los ua kom tiav. Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tib zoo ua tiav. Yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm rau lub dukes. Nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, lub loj sarcophagi yog khoob thiab ua hauj lwm xwbkev lom zem monuments. Qhov tseeb, Medici tau faus rau hauv lub crypt. Tom qab txhua tus sarcophagus muaj ib lub niche nyob rau hauv phab ntsa. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua tsev sculptures ntawm dukes. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas muaj ob lub monuments - tus pej thuam ntawm Ferdinand I thiab Cosimo II. Lub dome rov ua dua lub dome ntawm Brunelleschi thiab yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog scenes los ntawm Vajluskub.

Crypt nrog qhov ntxa. Princes Chapel

Kev nkag mus rau Medici Chapel yuav coj ncaj qha mus rau lub crypt. Nws yog los ntawm no uas koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov princes thiab New Sacristy. Lub crypt yog tsaus thiab tsaus, uas yog ntuj rau lub qhov ntxa, qhov twg feem ntau ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Medici tau faus tiag tiag, suav nrog cov uas yuav tsum tau so hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov thawj coj.

Michelangelo's Medici Chapel
Michelangelo's Medici Chapel

Nyob hauv daim duab, tus poj niam uas muaj koob muaj npe zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum majestic. Nov yog Anna Maria Luisa de Medici, tus qub txeeg qub teg ntawm tsev neeg no, uas tau tuag xyoo 1743. Nws tau tso tseg txoj kev ua yeeb yam loj loj hauv nws haiv neeg Florence.

Rau cov kiv cua ntawm Michelangelo

Xyoo 1520, nws yuav tsum tsim lub tsev teev ntuj nrog lub qhov ntxa rau Lorenzo tus Magnificent thiab nws tus tij laug Giuliano, nrog rau ob tug tub ntawm tsev neeg Medici: Giuliano, Duke ntawm Nemours, thiab Lorenzo, Duke ntawm Urbino. Tsis tas li ntawd, Cardinal Giulio, tus npawg ntawm Pope Leo X, xav tso siab rau Michelangelo nrog kev tsim kho lub tsev qiv ntawv. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov phau ntawv uas yog tag nrho tsev neeg, nrog rau tau txais los ntawm ntau lub tsev hais plaub thiab lwm tus neeg nyiam phau ntawv nto moo. Medici Chapel thiab New Sacristy hauv nws thiab lub tsev qiv ntawv yog ob lub luag haujlwm rau tus tswv 45 xyoo, uas thawj zaug yuav tsum tau ua nrog.architecture.

Txoj kev txi tshiab yog ib qho ntawm cov vaj tsev tsim vaj tsev uas tus tswv tau coj mus rau qhov kawg. Nws muaj tsis pub tsawg tshaj xya sculptures ntawm lub Renaissance genius.

Pib

Cardinal Giulio ntawm Medici tsev neeg, xaiv pope raws li lub npe Clement VII, hu ua Michelangelo rau Rome thiab tau muab cov lus qhia ruaj khov tias Medici lub tsev teev ntuj yuav tsum ua kom tiav tam sim ntawd. Nws xav kom muaj koob meej nyob rau ntau pua xyoo tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li Pope Leo X thiab nws cov thawj coj, uas tau tso lub cim xeeb ntawm lawv tus kheej ua cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm architecture, duab puab thiab kos duab. Nws yog tsim nyog los perpetuate cov dluab tsis yog nto moo Medici uas nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tab sis ntawm cov neeg uas tsim lub monarchy nyob rau hauv Florence. Lawv yog ob tug hluas dukes uas tsis tau qhuas lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev. Tus Tshiab Sacristy nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm San Lorenzo (Medici Chapel) yuav tsum tsim ib tug complex nrog lub qub, uas yog ua los ntawm Brunelleschi.

Medici Chapel Florence
Medici Chapel Florence

Michelangelo xeeb thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau nws nrog ntau qhov kev txiav txim, cornices, peev, qhov rooj, niches thiab tombs. Nws tawm ntawm cov kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai yav dhau los. Lub Medici Chapel, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Pope, yuav tsum tsis txhob suav nrog lub qhov ntxa ntawm Lorenzo lub Magnificent thiab nws tus tij laug Giuliano. Lub qhov ntxa ntawm Pope Leo X thiab nws tus kheej yuav tsum muaj kev txaus siab ntawm qhov chaw. Xav tias tsis muaj leej twg yuav siv cov txuj ci ntawm Michelangelo, Clement VII tau caw tus kws kos duab los ua ib tug hauj sam thiab coj daim ntaub thaiv ntawm Order of St. Francis. Thaum tus kws kos duab tsis kam, txiv muab nws ib lub tsev. Ib sab ntawm nws sawv Medici Chapel. Cov nyiaj hli tau tshaj 3 npaug ntawm cov nyiaj thov los ntawm Michelangelo.

Michelangelo hauvFlorence

Michelangelo Buonarroti ua dab tsi? Lub Medici Chapel xav tau qhov ntxiv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws yog tsim nyog los txhim kho lub qab nthab vault, tsim lub skylight thiab ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm tsis muaj tsawg zog ua hauj lwm. Thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem xav txog cov duab puab uas tus sculptor npaj los kho lub qhov ntxa ntawm Giuliano thiab Lorenzo Medici. Qhov no yuav xav tau cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab yog li nyiaj los ntawm Clement VII.

Tsim ntawm Duke sculptures

Lub Medici Chapel ua rau koj xav li cas? Michelangelo, tsis txhob dag nws tus kheej, xav tias thaum cov sculptures tau npaj txhij, lawv yuav poob siab cov neeg uas xav pom cov duab ntawm ob tug xeeb ntxwv ntawm tsev neeg. Lawv yuav tsis muaj portrait zoo ib yam. Nws xav tsim cov neeg tshiab, tsim tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm lawv lub sijhawm, tab sis kuj los ntawm lawv tus kheej cov kev sib tw ua yeeb yam tshiab. Hauv cov pej thuam, kev txav yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm los ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov pose, uas zoo li khov rau saum huab cua. Lawv yuav yog ob tug tub hluas uas muaj zog, muaj lub siab mos siab muag.

Medici Chapel: Description

Nyob hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm Medici, ib tug neeg pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb sib txawv kiag li, tsis yog tus uas nyob ntawm txoj kev. Koj tau kov yeej los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev xav ntev thiab kev xav tias koj nyob hauv lub xwmfab. Muaj cov tsev tsis tiav ntawm cov tsev nyob ib puag ncig, vim tias cov pilasters tsaus, platbands ntawm cov qhov rais tsis tshua muaj, lub qhov rais lawv tus kheej, cov phab ntsa teeb ntawm pawg no muab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm txoj kev medieval thiab square. Nws yog qhov chaw no uas suav nrog ib tus neeg hauv lub sijhawm nrawm nrawm uas Michelangelo tsim. Tus tswv lub qhov ntxa yog ib qho kev xav txog qhov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov sib txawv, lub sijhawm thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub neej, raug ntes nyob rau hauv fusion ntawm architecture thiabduab puab.

Madonna

Nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj San Lorenzo (Medici Chapel), Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Tshiab zoo li lub voos xwmfab dawb saum lub tsev teev ntuj. Tus kws kes duab vajtse tau tso niches nrog phab ntsa-mounted, ua kom loj qhov ntxa hauv cov phab ntsa. Rau lawv, nws siv lub neej-loj sculptural duab. Tawm tsam lub thaj, nws tso cov duab puab "Madonna thiab Me Nyuam" thiab ncig nws nrog cov mlom ntawm St. Cosmas thiab Damian (patrons ntawm Medici).

Michelangelo Buonarroti Medici Chapel
Michelangelo Buonarroti Medici Chapel

Lawv tau ua los ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm raws li nws cov av nplaum kos duab. Madonna yog tus yuam sij rau tag nrho lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws zoo nkauj thiab tsom rau sab hauv. Madonna lub ntsej muag yog inclined rau tus me nyuam. Nws puv nkaus kev tu siab thiab kev tu siab. Madonna yog immersed nyob rau hauv tob, hnyav meditation. Lub folds ntawm nws cov khaub ncaws tsim ib qho kev sib tw ua ntu zus thiab txuas nws nrog tag nrho cov qauv tsim qauv. Tus me nyuam ncav cuag nws. Nws kuj tseem muaj lub zog sab hauv thiab nro, uas zoo ib yam nrog tag nrho lub tsev teev ntuj. Madonna plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws yog rau nws tias cov duab ntawm Giuliano thiab Lorenzo tig.

Cov duab hauv niches

Yog tsis muaj qhov pom ntawm qhov zoo ib yam, ob lub ntsej muag sib luag tau zaum hauv cov cuab yeej ntawm cov neeg Loos thaum ub. Ua siab loj, nquag Giuliano nrog nws lub taub hau uncovered leans ntawm tus thawj coj baton.

Medici Chapel Tshiab Sacristy
Medici Chapel Tshiab Sacristy

Nws yog lub cim kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb uas tau los tom qab tsov rog. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub neej nquag. Thaum nws tus tij laug Lorenzo nyob hauv kev xav tob tshaj plaws thiab ua cim lub neej xav txog.

Medici chapel yees duab
Medici chapel yees duab

Nws npog taub hauantique kaus mom hlau, leans ntawm nws txhais tes, thiab nrog nws lub luj tshib - nyob rau hauv lub thawv, tus tsiaj muzzle uas yog cim. Nws txhais tau tias kev txawj ntse thiab kev lag luam zoo. Ob daim duab yog nkees thiab melancholy. Niches nyem lawv, uas ua rau cov neeg saib muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab ntxhov siab. Lawv tab tom ntsib lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab teeb meem thiab nco ntsoov Lorenzo tus Magnificent, tus pab cuam ntawm Ltalis, nyob rau hauv uas kev thaj yeeb kav.

Cov duab ntawm lub hau ntawm sarcophagi

Xaub lub hau nqes hav ntawm lub qhov ntxa, NW nyuam qhuav tuav rau ntawm lawv, dag sculptural allegories thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lorenzo ko taw thiab nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj ntawm Giuliano's. Cov cim ntawm lub sijhawm khiav yog mob tsis xis nyob. Lawv lub cev muaj zog nrog zoo tagnrho proportions yog embodied languor thiab tu siab. "Tag kis" sawv los maj mam thiab tsis kam, "Hnub" yog tsaug zog thiab ntxhov siab vim, "Hmo ntuj", loog loog, tsaug zog, "Hmo ntuj" yog raus nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav so nyob rau hauv pw tsaug zog. Tus noog nyob hauv Medici Chapel yog dab tsi? "Hmo ntuj" nrog nws txhais ko taw so ntawm tus noog, uas, yog tias nws flutters, yuav tsa nws.

piav qhia ntawm Medici Chapel
piav qhia ntawm Medici Chapel

Lub pob zeb uas nws tuav hauv nws txhais tes tuaj yeem poob thaum twg los tau thiab tsa nws sawv. Tsis muaj so ntawm "Hmo ntuj". Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm lub npog ntsej muag uas muaj kev txom nyem nyob hauv nws txhais tes.

Cov noog twg nyob ntawm Medici Chapel thaum hmo ntuj
Cov noog twg nyob ntawm Medici Chapel thaum hmo ntuj

Daim duab ntawm "Hnub" tsim nyog mloog, vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev kos duab ntawm lub cev zoo nkauj thiab lub taub hau uas tsis tshua tig mus rau tus saib yog xav tsis thoob. Lub cev yog zoo nkauj thiab polished, thiab lub ntsej muag qhia los ntawm me ntsis, cov duab yog NW nyuam qhuav piav qhia. Den khaws cov cim ntawm cov twj paj nruag thiab yog kev kos duab hauv qab-formulated. Cov duab "Morning" thiab "Evening" tsis tau ua tiav. Qhov no tsim kev nthuav qhia ntxiv, kev ntxhov siab thiabhem. Tus sculptor tsis ntshai mus dhau nws lub sijhawm, yuam cov neeg saib kom xav txog thiab txhais cov duab puab hauv txhua txoj kev. Ntawm no yog lub ntsej muag ntawm "Hmo ntuj" (Medici Chapel). Daim duab lees paub qhov saum toj no.

Medici chapel
Medici chapel

Cov duab tsis xav nyob lossis xav. Tag nrho ua ke, lub sij hawm ntawm hnub lees paub Medici motto "Ib txwm" (Semper), txhais tau tias kev pabcuam tas li. Ua ke nrog cov duab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, cov allegories yog nyob rau hauv ib tug ruaj khov daim duab peb sab muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Tub Ntsuag

Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Medici thiab lub sijhawm hnyav hnyav uas puag tus neeg hauv nws muaj lwm cov duab puab, uas tam sim no nyob hauv Hermitage.

Medici chapel
Medici chapel

Nws tseem hu ua "Tus Tub Tshem Tawm Tawm". Yog hais tias koj puas siab puas ntsws xa rov qab mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj, nws hloov tawm hais tias lub infinity ntawm lub sij hawm yog txuam nrog rau lub caij. Qhov no yog ib tug mlom me me uas nkag mus rau hauv lub voos xwmfab. Nws, zoo li Hnub, tsis tiav heev: nws hauv qab tsis tau tiav, thiab nws nraub qaum tsis tau polished. Tus me nyuam yog txhua yam khoov mus rau qhov mob ceg, xws li ib qho txawv txav thiab tsis xav txog nws lub cev. Tus sculptor nrhiav kom tshem tawm ntawm marble tsuas yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws, yog li ntawd yog tias nws poob los ntawm lub pedestal, ces tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tawg. Tus tub yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsim, rau nws yog ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Yog tias Madonna yog keeb kwm, lub sijhawm Christian uas koom nrog cov neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tus tub yog nws lub sijhawm luv. Nws yog ob qho xwm txheej thiab lub sijhawm. Cov duab nyob rau hauv lub niches yog nyob rau hauv tib lub voj voog ntawm kev hloov lub sij hawm, thiab tsis yog los ntawm lawv tus kheej, sawv tawm nyob rau hauv ib yam dab tsi tshwj xeeb. Txhua yam hauv kev txawj ntse muaj xws li hauv lub neej -ib txhij thiab sib txawv.

Laurentian Library

Ib txhij nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv New Sacristy, uas nws hloov mus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj majestic, Michelangelo tab tom tsim lub tsev qiv ntawv. Hla dhau lub tshav puam cozy, dhau ntawm sab laug nave koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv nws. Nws yog rau qhov pib nkaus xwb.

Medici chapel
Medici chapel

Nws muaj cov ntawv sau thaum ub, kos duab kos duab, cov ntawv ntawm lub koomhaum, uas tau xaus rau ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Florence xyoo 1439. Ua ntej muaj lub vestibule, tom qab ntawd ib lub tsev rau cov ntawv sau, qhov chaw lawv tuaj yeem khaws thiab nyeem. Chav tsev ntev ntawm lub pob zeb grey no muaj lub teeb-xim phab ntsa. Qhov chaw tos txais yog siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg ncig tebchaws tsis raug tso cai. Tsis muaj cov mlom hauv nws, tab sis muaj ob kab uas tau ua tiav rau hauv phab ntsa. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau qhov txawv txav marble staircase, uas zoo li qhov ntws ntawm cov lava molten. Nws muaj cov kauj ruam ib nrab voj voog thiab qis heev. Nws pib ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub vestibule thiab nthuav mus rau peb qhov chaw. Tus tswv nws tus kheej twb nyob rau hauv Rome, thaum lub staircase tau ua rau nws cov qauv av nplaum - lub ntsiab attraction ntawm qhov chaw tos txais.

Qhov no xaus qhov kev piav qhia ntawm kev tsim cov neeg txawj ntse Michelangelo. Nyob rau hauv no grandiose ua hauj lwm, nws embodied nws lub tswv yim tshiab. Lawv yog cov universal uas lawv tau txais qhov tseem ceeb rau tib neeg. Qhov no yog li cas lub Medici Chapel hloov. Florence tau txais Medici monument, uas tau los ua ib lub monument rau lub nroog nws tus kheej.

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