Tus Sau Yuri Nagibin: biography, tus kheej lub neej, nto moo tej hauj lwm

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nagibin Yuri Markovich, uas nws biography yog nthuav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, yog ib tug naas ej sau ntawv thiab screenwriter. Lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej - 1920-1994. Nws yug los nyob rau hauv Moscow rau lub Plaub Hlis 3, 1920. Kirill Alexandrovich, leej txiv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej, raug tua tsis ntev ua ntej yug Yuri - nws tau koom nrog White Guard uprising nyob rau hauv lub xeev Kursk. Kirill Alexandrovich tswj kom "bequeath" Ksenia Alekseevna, nws tus poj niam cev xeeb tub, rau ib tug phooj ywg Mark Leventhal. Nws tau txais yuav Yuri, uas tsuas yog hauv nws lub xyoo laus pom tias nws txiv tiag tiag yog leej twg. Tsis ntev Mark Leventhal kuj raug tsim txom (nws raug ntiab tawm). Tus txiv thib ob rau Yuri Markovich yog Yakov Rykachev. Nws yog thawj tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej, uas ua rau nws muaj kev saj rau cov lus muaj tswv yim.

Study, tsov rog xyoo

Nagibin kawm tiav high school nrog honors hauv 1938, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv Moscow Medical Institute. Nws tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau kev kho mob, thiab nws txiav txim siab mus rau VGIK, mus rau lub screenwriting department. ua kom tiavLub koom haum, txawm li cas los xij, ua tsis tiav. VGIK thaum pib ua tsov ua rog tau khiav tawm mus rau Alma-Ata, thiab Yuri Nagibin tau tsim los rau hauv pab tub rog. Nws raug xa mus rau lub chaw tswj hwm nom tswv ntawm Volkhov Front nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1941. Nws thawj cov dab neeg tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv luam tawm luv luv ua ntej tsov rog. Cov no yog Double Fault (1940) thiab Knut (1941).

Xyoo 1942, Yuri Markovich nyob rau ntawm Voronezh pem hauv ntej, nws yog "tus kws qhia-tus kws sau ntawv". Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws tau txais mus rau lub Writers 'Union ntawm lub USSR. Nagibin cov dej num hauv ntej yog raws li nram no: tshaj tawm, tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv yeeb ncuab. Nws tau ob zaug lub plhaub-shocked nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, thiab tom qab rov zoo los ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, nws raug txib. Tom qab ntawd, Yuri Nagibin tau ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Trud ua tus sau xov xwm ua tsov rog. Nws qhov kev paub dhau los tau tshwm sim hauv cov dab neeg uas luam tawm xyoo 1943 hauv kev sau "Ib tug txiv neej los ntawm lub xub ntiag", xyoo 1944 - "Ob Zog" thiab "Lub Plawv Loj", thiab xyoo 1948 - "Cov Nplej ntawm Lub Neej".

Kev phooj ywg nrog Andrey Platonov

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 40s - thaum ntxov 50s, Yuri Nagibin los ua phooj ywg nrog Andrei Platonov (xyoo ntawm lub neej - 1899-1951). Raws li nws tom qab rov qab los hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm keeb kwm, vim li ntawd, tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm nws cov kev kawm sau ntawv tau raug cim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws txiv hlob tau sau Platonov los ntawm nws cov lus.

Nagibin ua nto moo

Thaum ntxov xyoo 1950, Nagibin tau nto moo ua tus sau. Cov neeg nyeem tau pom cov dab neeg xws li "Pib" (1952), "Komarov" thiab "Lub caij ntuj no Oak" (ob leeg sau rau xyoo 1953), "Chetunov" (1954).xyoo), "Hmo ntuj qhua" (1955). Thiab "Lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais" thiab "Khazar Ornament", luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1956 nyob rau hauv Literary Moscow, aroused npau taws nyob rau hauv lub tog xovxwm (ua ke nrog A. Yashin lub "Leverage"). Tab sis cia li ib xyoos tom qab, cov dab neeg ua raws li kev cai ntawm kev ntseeg tiag tiag tau luam tawm hauv Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Ogonyok, thiab tus kws sau ntawv tau "rov kho dua tshiab." Yury Kuvaldin tau sau tseg tias Nagibin yuav tsum tau sib npaug ntawm qhov tsis sib xws thiab tsis pom zoo.

Lub voj voog ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm Nagibin

Feem ntau ntawm Yuri Markovich cov dab neeg, koom ua ke los ntawm "hloov-txiav" cov cim, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov duab ntawm tus neeg piav qhia, ua rau lub voj voog: keeb kwm thiab biography, yos hav zoov, tub rog, lub voj voog ntawm cov dab neeg taug kev, thiab lwm yam. tus sau tau ntau xyoo tau suav hais tias yog ib tus kws sau ntawv tshiab uas siv zog los tham me me txog qhov loj.

War Cycle

Nagibin cov tub rog zaj dab neeg raug cim los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tus neeg sau tus qauv. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem, 11-ntim, sau tej hauj lwm, tus sau suav nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv, cov nram qab no yuav tsum tau sau tseg: "Lub Signalman Vasiliev" (thawj luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1942 nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Red Star" nyob rau hauv lub npe "Line"), "On Khortitsa", "Tus txhais lus" (1945), "Vaganov" (1946). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tub rog tau siv los ntawm Yuri Markovich hauv cov dab neeg hauv qab no: 1957 "Txoj Kev mus rau pem hauv ntej", 1959 "Pavlik" thiab 1964 "Far from the War". Unleashing heroismntawm ib tug yooj yim tub rog thiab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub ua ntau thiab ntau thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws qhov tob, nyem thiab subtlety tshwm sim nyob rau hauv contours ntawm cov cim. Ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, zaj dab neeg "Pavlik" sawv tawm. Nws lub cim tseem ceeb kov yeej kev ntshai ntawm kev tuag nrog kev pab ntawm laj thawj.

"Yawg" cycle

Lub voj voog "kev yos hav zoov" tau tshwm sim ntau dua kaum xyoo - txij xyoo 1954 txog 1964. Nws suav nrog ntau tshaj nees nkaum zaj dab neeg. Lawv tshuav lawv qhov kev yug me nyuam rau cov toj roob hauv pes ntawm Lake Pleshcheyevo thiab Meshchera. Yuri Nagibin cov dab neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv cov ntaub ntawv rov qab mus rau Turgenev's Notes of a Hunter. Zaj dab neeg yog hais nyob rau hauv thawj tus neeg. Cov no yog cov haujlwm zoo li no los ntawm Yuri Nagibin li "The Chase" thiab "The Night Guest" (1962), "The Newlyweds" thiab "Meshcherskaya Side" (1964). Ntawm no Nagibin ua raws li tus neeg ua yeeb yam hloov maj mam ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntuj thiab tus neeg sim ntawm tib neeg cov cim hauv ib puag ncig ntuj. Hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm xwm thiab tib neeg, ob qho tib si ecological sab thiab sab kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ncaj ncees raug txiav txim siab.

Village theme, thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab

Cov dab neeg no tau npaj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub zos lub ntsiab. Cov kev soj ntsuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog sau xov xwm, lub sij hawm ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv sau txog kev ua liaj ua teb lub neej rau Smena, Socialist Agriculture, Trud, thiab Pravda, tau siv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1962, zaj dab neeg "Nplooj ntawm Trubnikov lub neej" tshwm sim. Nws yog nws uas tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm tsab ntawv rauzaj duab xis "Chairman", qhia los ntawm A. S altykov nyob rau hauv 1964. Zaj yeeb yaj kiab no yog qhov tseem ceeb tiag tiag. Tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm Semyon Siluyanov thiab Yegor Trubnikov, cov tib neeg xav txog lawv lub tswv yim, ib tus tuaj yeem nyeem qhov kev sib cav ntawm ob qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev xav, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej - tus kheej thiab kev sib raug zoo.

New script

Yuri Markovich txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm zoo rau hauv cov kev nyiam ntawm lub zos prose, uas tau txais lub zog nyob rau xyoo 1950-1960. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim ntawd tom qab tso tawm thawj daim duab, Yuri Nagibin sim rov ua qhov kev ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo. Cov yeeb yaj kiab raws li nws cov ntawv sau pib tshwm ib tom qab. Yuri Markovich tsis ntev los no tau npaj ib daim duab tshiab "Tus Thawj Coj". Tus sau hauv daim ntawv thov ncaj qha hais tias, los ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm lub siab nyiam, nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm nws nkag mus rau hauv tsev neeg Ivan Likhachev, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm automotive kev lag luam nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, ib tug qub Chekist thiab revolutionary sailor, ib tug neeg xaiv tsa. Yuri Nagibin tau sib yuav nws tus ntxhais. Yog li, zaj dab neeg tau ua raws li lub neej ntawm leej txiv Nagibin, uas nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus poj niam, uas yog, nrog nws niam tais, yuav tau piav qhia ncaj ncees los ntawm Yuri Nagibin tom qab me ntsis.

Tus sau phau ntawv keeb kwm yog qhov txaus siab rau ntau tus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws tus kheej lub neej, uas yuav tsum tau sib tham nyias.

Tus kheej lub neej ntawm Nagibin

Yuri Markovich tau sib yuav rau lub sijhawm. Ib tug ntawm nws cov txij nkawm yog Bella Akhmadulina. Yuri Markovich hais tias nrog txhua tus poj niam nws zoo siab rau nws tus kheej. Txhua tus ntawm lawv coj qee yam tshwj xeeb rau nws lub neej, raws li Yuri Nagibin tau lees paub. Tus poj niam Alla Grigoryevna, tus txhais lus - tus poj niam kawg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv - nyob nrog nwsntev tshaj plaws. Lawv zoo siab ua ke tau yuav luag 25 xyoo. Nagibin qhia nws txoj kev hlub rau nws hauv zaj dab neeg romantic hu ua "Blue Frog's Tale", uas peb yuav tham me ntsis tom qab.

Txuas ntxiv rau cov ntawv sau

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim thawj cov yeeb yaj kiab "Tus Thawj Coj" Yevgeny Urbansky, tus neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo, tuag. Qhov thib ob version, ua yeeb yaj kiab tom qab so ntev, tsis nco qab ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, Nagibin txuas ntxiv tsim cov xwm txheej uas tau txais txiaj ntsig thaum lub sijhawm. Akira Kurosawa, tus naas ej Japanese tus thawj coj, raws li nws tsab ntawv hloov kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Vladimir Arsenyev, ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab "Dersu Uzala", uas tau txais txiaj ntsig Oscar (txawm tias yog rau cov thawj coj ua haujlwm). Yuri Nagibin muaj ntau tshaj li peb caug paintings nyob rau hauv tag nrho: "Ntxhais thiab Echo", "Indian Kingdom", "Tchaikovsky", "Lub Slowest Tsheb ciav hlau", "Red tsev pheeb suab", "Kalman's Mystery" thiab lwm yam.

"Urban" cycles

Tus Sau Yuri Nagibin tsis txwv nws tus kheej rau kev lag luam thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv zos. Nws kuj tau tsim cov voj voog hauv nroog, uas tsim cov phau ntawv hauv qab no: "Lub pas dej huv" (1962), "Book of Childhood" (xyoo tsim - 1968-1975), "Txoj Kev ntawm kuv thaum yau" (tshaj tawm xyoo 1971). Ntawm no Yuri Nagibin hais txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm kev tsim ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm Serezha Rakitin, nws cov suab paj nruag hero, nrog rau nws tiam tag nrho.

Tsis yog keeb kwm yav dhau los, tab sis kuj yog "tus phab ej" ntawm lub voj voog dhau los ua Moscow nws tus kheej nrog nws cov kev lis kev cai hauv nroog thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm lub neej. nyob rau hauv ntaucov ntawv xov xwm ntxiv tau tsim lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub peev. Lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv 1987 phau ntawv "Moscow … Ntau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv no suab." Nws suav hais tias lub nroog no nws txoj kev hlub xwb, txawm hais tias Nagibin tau mus ncig yuav luag tag nrho lub ntiaj teb, tshwj tsis yog South America. Nws nyob hauv Moscow yuav luag tag nrho nws lub neej. Yuri Markovich yog ib tug zoo heev connoisseur ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub squares, txoj kab thiab txoj kev ntawm lub peev. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas nws phau ntawv kawg yog "Lub Nplhaib Flash" - ib qho haujlwm rau nws lub nroog. Kev vam meej ntawm Nagibin cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub 60s thiab 70s feem ntau yog vim lub ntuj lub siab dawb paug ntawm intonations, lyrical confession, clarity thiab lightness ntawm cov style, nplua nuj metaphor, txawv txawv rhythmic qauv nrog ib tug kawg chord, nyob rau hauv uas zaj dab neeg qhia los ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees thiab Qhov kev xav ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees yuav tsum raug ntsuas.

Creativity Theme

Nyob rau xyoo 1970, Yuri Nagibin tau nyiam los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj tswv yim raws li keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai thiab cov khoom siv niaj hnub no. Qhov no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm kev kos duab micro-epics "Eternal Companions" (xyoo ntawm kev tsim - 1972-1979). Lawv tus phab ej yog Lermontov, Pushkin, Archpriest Avvakum, Tchaikovsky, Tyutchev, Annensky, Rachmaninov thiab lwm tus. Raws li tus sau nws tus kheej, nws tsis tau coj los ze zog, tab sis tsuas yog repelled los ntawm txoj hauj lwm los ntawm kev ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv. Creative davhlau tshwm sim thaum lub cim xeeb tau tso tawm los ntawm qhov tseeb uas fettered lub tswv yim. Yuav kom rov tsim dua "kev thaj yeeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig", nws yog qhov tsim nyog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, vam khom"thawj pom kev", ntawm kev xav thiab "nco ntawm pom". Li no cov accusations ntawm authorial arbitrariness thiab subjectivism.

Kev hlub ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Nagibin

Ntawm cov ntsiab lus ruaj khov ntawm Nagibin txoj haujlwm, uas muaj ntau txoj hauv kev sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv, muaj kev sib txawv thiab kev hlub, nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ploj lossis kev zoo siab. Txawm hais tias Nagibin tau sau ib zaj dab neeg los yog qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm ib tug txiv neej thiab ib tug poj niam nws tau tsim ib tug ruaj khov system ntawm cov cim: nws yog ib txwm tiv thaiv thiab tsis yooj yim sua, thiab nws yog ruaj khov thiab muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1980s, lub teeb prose nrog nostalgic motifs tau hloov los ntawm zoo acuteness thiab topicality, tragic nro, thiab ib tug nyiam rau kev sib raug zoo thiab philosophical digressions. Nws satire nrog parody thiab farce, raws li zoo raws li erotica, tuaj raws li ib tug surprise. "Tales of the Blue Frog" yog kev lees txim ntawm "qav nrog tib neeg nco thiab xav tau", uas nws tau ncaim ntawm nws lub neej qub. Thiab nws tus hlub nyob rau hauv posthuman hav zoov hloov mus ua ib tug graceful roe mos lwj. Cov neeg thuam thuam Nagibin cov lus hais tshiab rau "tsis muaj kev coj ncaj ncees."

Cov haujlwm tshiab

"The Blue Frog" nyob rau xyoo tas los ntawm nws lub neej tsis tsuas yog hloov nws daim tawv nqaij ib zaug xwb, tab sis tig nws tus kheej sab hauv. Tus kws sau ntawv, nrog rau kev nthuav qhia tus kheej, tsis yog devoid ntawm buffoonish narcissism, tau pom cov nplooj ntawv zais feem ntau ntawm nws tus kheej biography. Nws txiav txim siab rov tsim zaj dab neeg ntawm nws txiv lub neej thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo rau tus txiv neej no ("Tshaj thiab mus", 1987),nco txog nws thawj tus hlub hauv 1994 ua haujlwm "Daphnis thiab Chloe …". Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, nws tau piav txog nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog nws niam tais nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Kuv Niam Txiv Golden", thiab tseem tau tso ib zaj lus tim khawv hu ua "Kev Tsaus Ntuj ntawm Qhov Kawg", qhov kev xav tsis zoo.. Xyoo 1995 "Diary", luam tawm tom qab, yog tag nrho ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab tsis ncaj ncees rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tus kws sau ntawv.

Kev tuag ntawm Nagibin

Lub Rau Hli 17, 1994, Yuri Markovich Nagibin tuag hauv Moscow. Nws biography tseem nthuav rau ntau niaj hnub no. Nws yog nws tej hauj lwm zaum kawg uas tseem nrov nrog peb cov neeg kawm. Cov neeg thuam thuam hmuv ib ntus, sib tham txog cov phau ntawv ntawm Yuri Nagibin. Piv txwv li, Alexander Solzhenitsyn thiab Viktor Toporov tau pom nyob rau hauv "nagibin sib ntaus sib tua".