Tajik kws sau paj huam: biography, tej hauj lwm nto moo, quotes, yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tajik kws sau paj lug tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lawv lub teb chaws. Lawv suav nrog txhua tus kws sau ntawv uas sau hauv Tajik thiab Persian, tsis hais lawv haiv neeg twg, haiv neeg thiab chaw nyob.

Rudaki

Hauv 859, tus kws sau paj huam Tajik Rudaki yug hauv lub zos Panjrud. Nws kuj yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb uas suav tias yog tus tsim ntawm Tajik cov ntawv nyeem, yog ib tus kws sau paj huam Persian tshaj plaws.

Nws phau ntawv keeb kwm muaj ntau yam hais txog qhov tseeb tias Rudaki dig muag thaum yug los. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tus kws sau keeb kwm ntawm XII-XIII centuries, Muhammad Aufi, tau thov tias thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo uas thaum muaj yim xyoo nws paub tag nrho Kaulees los ntawm lub siab thiab pib sau paj huam nws tus kheej.

Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub nug qhov tseeb no, sau tseg tias muaj ntau xim hauv nws cov paj huam uas, feem ntau, yog tias nws poob nws qhov muag, nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Cov ntawv no tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ntau cov lus piav qhia hauv nws cov haujlwm yog qhov tseeb dhau lawm.

Anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov, uas tau kho nws cov duab puab los ntawm qhov seem,thov hais tias tus kws sau paj lug lub qhov muag raug hlawv tawm nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus. Los ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm lub cev pob txha, nws xaus lus tias nws tau dig muag nrog ib daim hlau liab-kub. Tej zaum tsis yog ua ntej hnub nyoog 60.

Raws li qhov feem ntau version ntawm nws phau ntawv keeb kwm, tus naas ej Tajik kws sau paj lug Rudaki los ntawm nws haiv neeg lub zos, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm niaj hnub Tajikistan, mus rau Samarkand. Nws nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam ntawm Samanid lub tsev hais plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis paub meej tias qhov no tshwm sim li cas.

Creative legacy

Thaum nws tseem yau, nws twb muaj npe nrov ua suab paj nruag thiab hu nkauj. Nws paub tseeb tias Rudaki paub Kaulees thiab Arabic zoo, muaj kev kawm txuj ci.

Raws li ib qho version, nws tau dig muag tom qab kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Ismailis tau tawg tawm xyoo 940. Rudaki yog qhov muag tsis pom ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm vizier, uas ntxub nws, thiab nws cov cuab yeej tseem raug txeeb. Tus kav Amir Nasr ces tu siab heev rau qhov no, kom tus vizier raug tua, thiab Rudaki tau muab khoom plig pub dawb. Tab sis nws tsis kam, tuag nyob rau hauv nws haiv neeg lub zos raws li ib tug neeg thov khawv nyob rau hauv 941.

Cov kws tshawb fawb sau tseg tias Rudaki yog tus kws sau ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig. Nws ntseeg tias nws tau sau txog 130 txhiab ntawm nws cov khub. Cov no yog cov paj huam ghazal, rubaiyat thiab lwm yam ntawm Persian ntaub ntawv, tus tsim ntawm nws tus kheej yog suav tias yog. Kwv yees li ib txhiab khub niam txiv tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Lub qasida nyob rau hauv lub npe "Niam ntawm Wine" tau raug khaws cia tag nrho. Ntawm no yog ib qho excerpt los ntawm nws.

Peb yuav tsum tsim txom tus niam cawv ua ntej, Cia li kaw tus menyuam nws tus kheej.

Koj tsis tuaj yeem nqa tus menyuam mus ntev li ntev tauniam tseem ciaj sia -

Cia li tsoo nws thiab tsoo nws thawj zaug!

Kuj txhais ua lus Lavxias yog nws tus kheej biographical qasida "Kev tsis txaus siab ntawm lub hnub nyoog laus", ntau lub kaum rubais.

Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm nco ntsoov tias nrog rau nqe lus qhuas, muaj cov kab uas lees paub hu rau kev paub, kev ntseeg ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm tib neeg lub siab. Rudaki feem ntau siv cov lus paj huam yooj yim, ua tiav cov duab zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj.

Firdousi

Ib tug nto moo tshaj plaws Tajik paj huam yog paub zoo rau peb nyob rau hauv lub npe Firdousi. Nws yug hauv Iran xyoo 935. Me ntsis paub txog nws cov xyoo thaum ntxov, tab sis zoo li nws tau txais kev kawm zoo.

Nws cov tub ntxhais hluas poob rau lub sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Iran, thaum feudal aristocracy, tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm Arab domination, tswj kom tso nws tus kheej tawm ntawm tus quab ntawm cov conquerors, coj hwj chim rau hauv lawv txhais tes.

Firdowsi nws tus kheej pib ua haujlwm nrog Sultan Mahmud ntawm Ganzevid, uas nws tau mob siab rau nws cov paj huam nto moo tshaj plaws "Shahnameh". Qhov no yog ib lub monument nto moo ntawm Persian ntaub ntawv, uas piav qhia txog tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm Iran los ntawm ancient sij hawm mus rau lub xyoo pua 7th, thaum Islam nkag mus rau nws thaj chaw. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm no, uas yog tias tsuas yog cov qub txeeg qub teg muaj cai rau lub hwj chim. Qhov no tsis haum Mahmud, uas lees paub txoj cai ntawm lub hwj chim, tsis yog kwv tij.

Shahnameh

Raws li cov lus dab neeg, Sultan tsis them tus kws sau paj huam Persian-TajikFerdowsi rau paj huam. Qhov no ua rau nws npau taws heev uas nws tau sau ib zaj dab neeg uas nws thuam tus kav vim nws yog ib tug qhev. Vim li no, nws thiaj li tau khiav tawm teb chaws mus rau kev txom nyem mus tas nws lub neej. Nws tuag hauv nws lub zos Tus Tsw 1020.

Nws hais lus zoo rau lub zwm txwv uas pom meej, Peb cov tub nrog nws.

Thaum Manuchihr zaum saum lub zwm txwv, muaj ib tug tub rog tuaj cuag vajntxwv hluas

Nws tus kheej, tus tswv ntawm Sistan, thiab hais tias:

Kuv tso siab rau qhov muag ntawm tus huab tais lub hwj chim, Koj - txiav txim, kuv - lub tsev hais plaub pom zoo txoj cai.

Tus phab ej Karan, tus tub ntawm tus kws ntaus hlau Kava, tau los ua lwm tus nyob ze ntawm huab tais.

Nov yog li cas tus kws sau paj huam Tajik Firdosi tham txog lub hwj chim hauv "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Blacksmith Kava", uas suav nrog hauv Shahnameh.

Txheej xwm hauv paj huam muab faib ua mythical thiab keeb kwm lub sij hawm.

Omar Khayyam

Lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj huam no paub txawm tias cov neeg uas tsis tau hnov dab tsi ntxiv txog Tajik lossis Persian ntawv nyeem. Nov yog ib tug kws sau paj huam, philosopher, astronomer thiab lej.

Nws yug hauv 1048 hauv lub nroog Nishapur hauv Iran. Nws txiv yog ib tug camper uas tau mob siab rau nws tus tub txoj kev kawm. Txij li thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo, nws pib nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntawm astronomy thiab lub tswv yim, kawm lej. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 nws nkag mus rau hauv madrasah hauv Nishapur. Tom qab ntawd nws kawm hauv Samarkand, Balkh thiab Bukhara. Cov tshuaj tshawb fawb tob tob, tsim nyog ua tus kws kho mob, txoj cai Muslim.

Nws thaum yau tau poob rau lub sijhawm ntawm Seljuk kev kov yeej cov cheeb tsam hauv Central Asia, thaum ntau tus neeg raug tua, suav nrogcov kws tshawb fawb loj tshaj plaws.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16, tus kws sau paj huam Tajik Omar Khayyam ploj nws niam nws txiv. Lawv tuag thaum muaj kev sib kis. Tom qab ntawd nws muag tag nrho nws cov cuab yeej thiab mus rau qhov chaw tshawb fawb thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Samarkand, lees paub nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntawm kev sib cav, nws zoo siab rau txhua tus nrog nws cov nyiaj kawm ntawv uas nws sai sai dhau los ua tus kws qhia muaj txiaj ntsig thiab hwm.

Zoo li ntau lwm tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tsis nyob ntev hauv ib lub nroog, hauv Bukhara nws ua haujlwm hauv phau ntawv khaws cia. Txij li thaum 1074, nws tau los ua tus cob qhia sab ntsuj plig ntawm Sultan Melik Shah I, coj ib qho ntawm cov chaw saib xyuas loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws ua hauj lwm thiab ua ntau yam tseem ceeb nrhiav tau mus txog rau thaum 1092, thaum lub sultan thiab nws vizier Nizam al-Mulka tuag. Tom qab ntawd, Khayyam raug liam tias muaj kev xav dawb thiab tsis muaj Vajtswv, nws yuav tsum tawm hauv lub nroog Seljuks.

Lawv hais tias thaum nws xav txog txoj kev tuag, nws muaj hnub nyoog 83 xyoo, nws nres nyeem phau ntawv qhia txog kev ua siab ntev, ua siab ntev, hais lus zoo rau nws tsev neeg, phooj ywg thiab cov tub kawm. Tom qab ntawd, tsis noj mov, nws thov Vajtswv ua ntej yuav mus pw thiab tuag.

Rubai Khayyam

Tus kws sau paj huam Tajik zoo Khayyam tshuav ntau yam haujlwm nto moo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub sijhawm nws lub neej nws tsuas yog paub tias yog ib tus kws tshawb fawb, nws cov rubies tau nrov heev tom qab. Hauv lawv, nws tsim cov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws txog tib neeg, lub neej, kev paub, kev hlub.

Tam sim no, kwv yees li plaub txhiab quatrains raug ntaus nqi rau nws tus cwj mem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias nws tsis tuaj yeem sau qee cov rubais, lawv tau raug ntaus nqi rau nws los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tom qab, ntshai kev iab liam.blasphemy thiab freethinking. Niaj hnub no tsis muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab qhov twg ua haujlwm Khayyam sau. Feem ntau, los ntawm 300 mus rau 500 rubles yog rau nws tus cwj mem.

Kev muaj koob meej tiag tiag tuaj rau Omar Khayyam thaum phau ntawv nrog nws cov paj huam tau nyob hauv txhais tes ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Askiv Edward Fitzgerald, uas pib txhais rubaiyat ua lus Askiv thiab Latin. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, raws li xoob muab los ntawm Fitzgerald, lawv yog cov haujlwm nrov tshaj plaws hauv Victorian England. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm nws tej hauj lwm txhais ua lus Lavxias.

Peb tuaj qhov twg? Peb mus qhov twg?

Lub ntsiab ntawm peb lub neej yog dab tsi? Nws tsis nkag siab rau peb.

Muaj pes tsawg tus ntsuj plig hauv qab lub log azure

Hlawv rau tshauv, mus rau plua plav, tab sis qhov twg, qhia kuv, yog pa taws?

Kuv saib hauv av - thiab kuv pom puag pw tsaug zog;

Kuv saib mus rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub ntiaj teb - Kuv pom cov neeg txeeb los ntawm lub ntiaj teb;

Staring rau hauv koj cov suab puam uas tsis muaj nyob, -

Cov uas twb ncaim mus lawm, kuv pom tus uas tsis tau pom dua.

pob txha-sculpting mysterious potter

Tshwj xeeb qhia khoom plig rau daim duab no:

Ntawm daim ntaub ntawm lub neej nws tig lub tais

Thiab hauv nws txoj kev npau taws kub hnyiab tau hluav taws kub.

Tsis txhob txhawj! Koj txoj kev yog kos - nag hmo, Passions tso cai ua si nrog koj - nag hmo.

Koj tu siab li cas? Yog tsis muaj koj kev tso cai

Koj cov hnub yav tom ntej yog kab - nag hmo.

Ntawm no dua hnub ploj, zoo li lub suab nrov ntawm cua, Los ntawm peb lub neej, phooj ywg, nws poob mus ib txhis.

Tab sis tsuav kuv tseem muaj sia nyob, kuv yuav tsis txhawj

Hais txog hnub uas ncaim mus thiab hnub ntawdtsis tau yug.

Tag nrho lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, Khayyam yog lub npe hu ua ib tug xibhwb ntawm hedonism, uas tsis lees paub qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm posthumous retribution.

Nadira

Ntawm cov kws sau paj huam Tajik nto moo thiab sau ntawv muaj tsawg tus poj niam, tab sis lawv tseem muaj. Tus kws sau paj huam Nadira yug hauv 1792 hauv lub nroog qub Uzbek ntawm Andijan. Raws li lub hauv paus no, nws kuj suav hais tias yog ib tus kws sau paj huam Uzbek, tab sis ntau yam ntawm nws cov haujlwm tau sau ua lus Persian-Tajik.

Ua tus poj niam ntawm tus kav Kokand Khanate, nws tau siv sijhawm ntau hauv nws lub neej hauv tsev hais plaub, feem ntau koom nrog kev sib tw sau paj huam nrog nws tus txiv, uas tuag xyoo 1822, thaum nws muaj 30 xyoo xwb.

Tom qab ntawd, nws tus tub muaj 12 xyoos tau nce lub zwm txwv, Nadira tau los ua nws tus saib xyuas. Lub Kokand Khanate nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd mus txog nws lub ncov, nyob thaj tsam loj tshaj plaws.

Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv tau khaws cia tias Nadira tau koom nrog hauv kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub xeev, ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Nws koom nrog kev tsim kho ntawm madrasah, pab kws sau paj lug thiab cov kws tshawb fawb. Nws lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm yog imbued nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev khuv leej rau cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab kev txhawj xeeb rau kev nkag siab ntawm ib leeg thiab txhua tus.

Nws lub neej xaus kev nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv 1842, vim yog nom tswv intrigues, kev cai dab qhuas fanatics liam nws ntawm debauchery. Ua ke nrog nws cov tub, Nadira raug tua neeg phem.

Cov paj huam

Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, Nadira, zoo li ntau tus kws sau paj lug ntawm nws lub sij hawm, cia siab rau humanisticCov keeb kwm ntawm Alisher Navoi, uas tau suav hais tias yog ib qho classic ntawm Uzbek cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau sau ntau zaj paj huam hauv Tajik.

Nadira ua haujlwm sib txawv. Cov no yog mukhammas, gazelles, musamman, tarjibands. Nws lub rooj zaum poetic suav hais tias yog zaj nkauj ntawm kev ncaj ncees, kev hlub thiab kev ncaj ncees. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws ib txwm yaum kom pom nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam tsis yog tsuas yog kev zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj txoj kev xav, txawj ntse thiab meej mom.

Rau koj, nkees thiab ua haujlwm, Kuv rub kuv tus kheej rau hauv hav suab puam, Yav kuv hmoov tshauv rau saum ntuj, kuv cua zoo li cua daj cua dub nyob rau hauv hav zoov.

Koj yuav NW nyuam qhuav ncaim - kuv tus ntsuj plig tau kov yeej los ntawm kev tsim txom ntawm kev mob siab rau!

Lub siab thiab tus ntsuj plig - nrog koj, Kuv nyob hauv kuv cov teeb meem hauv kev poob cev qhev, Kuv tso siab rau koj, thiab koj ua raws li Vajtswv lub siab nyiam.

Nadira ib txwm hu nkauj kev hlub ua lub cim ntawm tib neeg thiab lub hauv paus ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees.

Loik Sherali

Tus kws sau ntawv niaj hnub nto moo, uas tau sau ua lus Tajik, tus kws sau paj huam Tajik Loik Sherali. Nws yug los xyoo 1941 hauv lub zos Mazori-Sharif hauv cheeb tsam Penjikent.

Txoj haujlwm uas nws nyeem thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, nrog rau nws tus kheej lub tebchaws, uas txiav txim siab nws txoj cai thiab tus cwj pwm, muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm.

Nws tau coj mus rau International Tajik-Persian Language Foundation, tuag xyoo 2000 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 59.

Zaj paj huam

Sherali nws tus kheej hu ua lub voj voog ntawm nws cov paj huam zoo tshaj plaws "Inspiration". Tus kws sau paj huam Tajik tau sau paj huam rau cov neeg zoo tib yam, yog li tsis muaj cov kab lus nyuaj thiab tsis meej qhov kev xav hauv lawv.

Cov phooj ywg nyob txhua qhov chaw, txawm li cas los xijLub teb chaws nyob hauv ib qho chaw, Txhua lub pob zeb ntawm Niam Txiv zoo li lub cim zoo nkauj.

ntug hiav txwv ntxim hlub nyob txhua qhov chaw tab sis rau kuv

Niam yog ib tug, Tajikistan yog ib.

Kev mob, kev xav thiab kev xav uas muaj nyob hauv nws cov paj huam tsis tuaj yeem tso leej twg tsis quav ntsej. Qhov no yog tus kws sau paj huam Tajik nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Nws tau muaj tswv yim ntau tshaj plaub caug xyoo, tso tseg txoj kev nplua nuj.