Linocut yog Nqe lus piav qhia, nta, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Fine art suav nrog ntau hom kev sib txawv. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tshwm sim nrog rau kev kawm technology, nws inventions thiab discoveries. Raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm peb cov kev sib tham niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav qhia rau koj seb linocut yog dab tsi, ntau yam nthuav tseeb txog nws. Cia peb pib nrog lub ntsiab txhais.

Dab tsi yog hu ua linocut?

Linocut yog ib qho kev kos rau ntawm linoleum, ib daim ntawv luam tawm ntawm lub npe hu ua letterpress printing. Cov duab raug txiav tawm los ntawm tus kws kos duab ntawm linoleum canvas, tom qab ntawd nws tau luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv, duab los qhia.

Linoleum yog cov khoom siv zoo heev rau kev kos duab loj. Cov kws kos duab feem ntau siv cov canvases nrog lub thickness ntawm 2.5-5 hli. Cov cuab yeej tsim nyog tsis txawv ntawm cov siv los tsim cov duab kos duab ntev: rab riam rau txiav cov khoom me me, qhov ntev thiab kaum lub chisels - rau cov loj loj.

Linocut yog ib txoj haujlwm uas tib lub tshuab luam ntawv siv rau kev luam ntawv ntoo. Ib qho nyiaj ntawm cov xim yog dov tawm ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov menyuam lojcov menyuam. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los saib xyuas kev ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov xim pleev xim: thaum muaj ntau ntau, nws tuaj yeem sau cov ntsiab lus me me, thaum tsis txaus, yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov luam tawm.

Ntiaj teb keeb kwm ntawm linocut

Keeb kwm ntawm linocut pib thaum tig ntawm XIX-XX centuries. Qhov ntawd yog thaum linoleum tau tsim. Thawj thawj zaug, nws tau los ua ib qho khoom siv rau kev muaj tswv yim hauv xyoo 1905 - nws tau siv los ntawm German cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm Lub Koom Haum Feem Ntau. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog xav paub ntxiv uas ua rau lawv hloov mus rau qhov tshiab: siv cov txheej txheem engraving hauv cov ntawv loj loj, thaj tsam ntawm kev txiav ntoo, tsoos rau qhov kawg woodcuts, tsis txaus.

Linocut yog cov txheej txheem siv los ntawm cov tswv xws li:

• A. Matisse;
• F. Mazarel;
• P. Picasso;
• M. Escher;
• B. Angelo;
• D. Erickson;
• X. Tompkins;
• S. Lub zog;
• A. Botelho;
• T. Billman;
• I. Gnezdovsky;
• E. Ruess;
• K. Schmidt-Rottluff;
• X. Juvonen;
• U. Kermode;
• F. Blayle;
• Folly Cove Designers thiab ntau dua

Tom qab, kos duab tsis yog monochrome nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tsim cov xim linocuts: 4-7 matrices tau siv, los ntawm qhov kev xav tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, C. Anderson tau los ua ib tug tho kev nyob rau hauv lub forties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Cov txheej txheem rau xim linocuts nrog gouache, xim dej, thiab lwm yam xim kuj tseem siv.

Hnub no cov kws ua yeeb yam ua haujlwm hauv qhov kev taw qhia:

• B. Fake;
• G. Baselitz;
• S. Donwood thiab lwm tus.

Russian keeb kwm ntawm linocut

N. Sheverdyaev, ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm V. Mate, yog thawj zaug hauv peb lub tebchaws tsim cov ntawv sau rau ntawm linoleum. Nws cov haujlwm tau nthuav tawm hauv Paris xyoo 1907. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm linocut kuj tuaj yeem taug qab hauv cov haujlwm ntawm I. Pavlov. Nws pib siv cov txheej txheem los ntawm 1909 los tsim cov ntaub npog ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov phau ntawv, tsim cov duab kos rau lawv. Yog li linocut hloov cov zincography yav dhau los thiab lithography.

Nyob rau xyoo 1914 daim ntawv qhia hnub "Tsar Tswb" rau xyoo 1916 tau muab 12 xim linocuts los ntawm I. Pavlov. Tom qab ntawd tus engraver pib siv cov txheej txheem los kho cov ntawv khi ntawm cov ntawv. Linocut tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam nyob hauv Russia vim tsis muaj zinc, cov khoom tsim nyog rau zincography.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, cov txheej txheem tshiab tau ua tiav ob qho tib si los tsim cov duab kos duab thiab kos duab kos duab. Lawv siv nws hauv lawv txoj haujlwm:

• A. Deineko;
• L. Ilyin;
• B. Kustodiev;
• D. Mitrokhin;
• G. Zakharov;
• D. Bryukhanov;
• K. Kostenko;
• I. Golitsyn;
• B. Falileev;
• B. Favorsky;
• B. Zamirailo;
• P. Staronosov;
• A. Kravchenko thiab lwm tus.

V. Falileev tau suav tias yog tus thawj coj hauv kev siv cov txheej txheem kos duab xim hauv peb lub tebchaws. Tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv ntawm ntau xim engraving-landscape.

txheej txheem ua haujlwm

Cia peb xav txog linocut ua cov txheej txheem engraving. Nws yog ib qho yooj yimkev tua, zoo ib yam li woodcuts. Tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm zoo li no:

1. Cork linoleum yog noj, lub thickness yog kwv yees li ntawm 3 hli. Daim duab kos duab tau pauv los ntawm daim ntawv tracing rau nws.
2. Ntawm qhov contour nrog kev pab los ntawm cov chisels sib txawv, riam, tus kws kos duab txiav tawm cov duab rau nws daim duab.
3. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog dov cov xim tshwj xeeb (xim + kua nplaum) mus rau qhov chaw nyem ntawm daim duab.
4. Cov xim pleev xim rau ntawm linoleum yog luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv, vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tshwm rau nws - nws cov hlab ntsha yog xim dub (lossis lwm xim), thiab keeb kwm yav dhau yog dawb (lossis lwm xim ntawm daim ntawv).

Khoom siv xav tau

Tom qab peb tau teb cov lus nug "Linocut - nws ua li cas?", Cia peb txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv xav tau los tsim cov haujlwm:

• Linoleum. Ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb rau kev muaj tswv yim yog tsim, uas nws yooj yim rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog engravers. Tsev linoleum kuj tseem siv tau rau kev tsim vaj tsev, tab sis cov cuab yeej ntawm nws tuaj yeem coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo.
• Ua haujlwm, koj xav tau cov chisels (lawv kuj yog cutters, chisels). Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no ntawm lawv cov hlau taub yog siv ntau: kaum sab xis, lub thawv zoo li, lub vojvoog thiab tiaj tus.
• Xim - tsis ceev kom qhuav, tuab tuab. Xws li cov yam ntxwv muaj xws li typographic, acrylic, gouache, xim tshwj xeeb rau linocut. Rau acrylic, yuav tsum tau ua kom qhuav retardant ntxiv. Txhawm rau luam ib daim duab ntawm cov ntaub, koj xav tautextile xim.
• Rau kev siv cov xim, cov menyuam siv: luam ntawv classic, cov menyuam loj (glycerin-gelatin), cov roj hmab zoo tib yam rau wallpaper.
• Khoom siv rau kev luam ntawv - ntawv, duab los qhia, ntaub, ntoo. Rau cov ntawv, 160 g / m ntawv qib yog siv2.
• Nias. Rau loj ntau lawm ntawm drawings, ib tug xovxwm, etching tshuab yog siv. Hauv tsev - dov tus pin, diav, menyuam.
• Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws ua yeeb yam siv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, qhov nruab nrab los kho cov xim ntawm cov ntaub.

Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm linocut

Art critics nco ntsoov tias linocut yog cov txheej txheem siv los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam uas nws txoj haujlwm yog kev nthuav qhia, meej, sib txawv. Cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no txawv ntawm txoj kev kos duab kuj txawv:

• khoom pheej yig.
• Yooj yim dua li lwm yam kev kos duab ua haujlwm nrog xim.
• Ua raws li cov khoom siv nrog lub tshuab txiav.
• Kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm daim duab yog siab dua ntawm cov ntoo engraving: lub stroke ntawm daim duab yog smoother, huv si, smoother.
• Sib txawv ntawm kev txiav ntoo: lub stroke tsis ntse, tab sis du, dav, sib npaug ntawm qhov kawg, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muaj ciam teb nyuaj.

Cov kws ua yeeb yam sim ua kom muaj ntau hom kev txwv, qhov sib txawv ntse, nrog cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm kev sib luag, hla kev hatching, thiab pom.

Nthuav cov xim dub thiab dawb linocuts

Cia peb qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim cov xim dub thiab dawbengravings:

• Zoo qhuav, du thiab tuab tuab (los ntawm 2.5 hli) linoleum yog siv. Cov khoom siv los ntawm cov tsev qub qub yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Rau cov ntawv me me, nws hloov nrog PVC yas.
• tus cwj mem dub yog siv rau cov khoom siv kos duab. Cov kab tuab yog kos nrog tus cwj mem, cov kab nyias nyias nrog txhuam. Qee lub sij hawm tus kws kos duab tsuas yog luam tawm daim duab tiav rau hauv linoleum.
• Cov dotted style yog siv los txiav qhov kev ntxhib los mos.
• Daim duab yog txiav raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav ntoo.
• Imprint - siv lub tshuab tshwj xeeb lossis lapping nrog txhuam.

Ntawm cov xim linocuts

Highlight cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm no:

• Ib daim ntawv cais lino tab tom npaj rau txhua xim.
• Daim duab tau luam tawm hauv txheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws kos duab kuj tseem xav txog qhov tseeb tias thaum ob qho xim tshwj xeeb tau muab tso rau ntawm ib leeg, qhov ntxoov ntxoo tshiab tshwm.
• Sau cov duab, ib lub cuab yeej siv - lub rooj tsavxwm nrog cov ces kaum ua los ntawm linoleum. Ua ntej, ib qho engraving ntawm thawj xim yog siv rau ntawm cov ces kaum, leveled, ntawv yog rubbed tiv thaiv nws. Tom qab ntawd daim ntawv yog ua tib zoo txav mus rau ib sab, ib qho thib ob engraving yog siv rau cov ces kaum thiab daim ntawv kuj rubbed. Cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus kom txog thaum tag nrho cov nyiaj muas noj uas tau npaj tseg lawm.

Tam sim no koj paub tias linocut yog dab tsi, nws keeb kwm, txheej txheem tsim, nta. Koj tuaj yeem sim koj tus kheej hauv kev lag luam no koj tus kheej, yav dhau los yuav txhua yam koj xav tau rau kev muaj tswv yim.