Pushkin Apartment-Museum (Moyka, 12)
Pushkin Apartment-Museum (Moyka, 12)

Video: Pushkin Apartment-Museum (Moyka, 12)

Video: Pushkin Apartment-Museum (Moyka, 12)
Video: GIAF First Thought Talk with Gavan Hennigan 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Zaj dab neeg ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia ib txwm nyiam nws ntau tus neeg qhuas. Txhawm rau ua kom lub cim tawm ntawm tus neeg ntse lossis pom ib tus neeg hauv nws yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm peb txhua tus. Rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qeb thib ob, muaj Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv St. Petersburg.

Lub tsev kawg

Pushkin tsis muaj nws lub tsev lossis chav tsev nyob hauv St. Lub tsev loj ntawm 12 Moika Embankment, tsis deb ntawm Konyushenny Choj, yog cov princes Volkonsky - tus kws sau paj huam tau xauj 11 chav los ntawm lawv, uas nws tau nkag mus nrog nws tsev neeg thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1836.

Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej Moika 12
Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej Moika 12

chav tsev no yog qhov chaw zaum kawg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam: nws nyob ntawm no tsuas yog tsib lub hlis xwb. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev nyob qhov twg Pushkin lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej (Moika, 12) yog tam sim no nyob, tau ua tim khawv txog kev tu siab ua yeeb yam uas coj mus rau kev tuag ntawm tus poj Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug. Tuag raug mob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws tuag ntawm no thaum Lub Ob Hlis 10, 1837, tau hais kom nws tus poj niam ua kev quaj ntsuag tau ob xyoos, thiab tom qab ntawd yuav ib tug txiv neej zoo.

Raws li ntau zaj lus tim khawv, tus kws sau paj huam tsis muaj kev npau taws rau nws tus poj niam: nws tau hlub nws heev, ib txwm nrhiav kev tiv thaiv. Nws mob siab saib xyuas nws tus txiv kom txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej. Ntshai ntawm kev ntxub thiabkev cem tus hluas nkauj tom qab tus kws sau paj huam tuag tsis tsim nyog.

Long road to the museum

Kev nthuav tawm yog mob siab rau cov xwm txheej ntawm lub hli dhau los ntawm lub neej, txoj hauv kev uas yog pos. Nyob rau hnub ntawd, tsis muaj leej twg paub tias muaj ib hnub nws yuav qhib ntawm qhov chaw nyob: Moika, 12, Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej-Apartment. Tam sim ntawd tom qab tus kws sau paj huam tuag lawm, ntau yam tau pauv mus rau nws cov phooj ywg thiab cov txheeb ze, thiab tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau ib lub zos vaj tse.

Cov neeg xauj tsev tshiab tau tsiv mus rau hauv Volkonsky tsev loj. Tom qab 1900, nws tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib lub tsev tsev (ntau tus qhua hloov), thiab tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 nws yog lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov tsev nyob. Ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov rooj tog zaum tau ploj mus tsis tau.

Kev siv zog tau ua ntev los teeb tsa Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej. Moyka, 12 - qhov chaw nyob uas zoo tagnrho rau qhov no. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub tsev Pushkin tau tsim nyob rau ntawm Imperial Academy of Sciences, uas tau tso siab rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sau cov khoom pov thawj sib txawv. Nws cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tswj kom yuav lub tsev qiv ntawv (3700 ntim) los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tus tub xeeb ntxwv - tam sim no tau nthuav tawm hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Kuj tseem muaj kev sib tham nrog Parisian admirer ntawm Pushkin (raws li lawv yuav hais tam sim no, tus kiv cua). Nws sau nyob rau hauv nws chav tsev ib tug impressive sau ntawm tus kheej cov khoom, autographs, portraits ntawm tus kws sau paj lug thiab nws tsev neeg. Cov khoom no pib rov qab los rau lawv lub tebchaws tsuas yog tom qab tus neeg sau tuag, xyoo 1925.

Moika 12 Pushkin's Apartment Tsev khaws puav pheej
Moika 12 Pushkin's Apartment Tsev khaws puav pheej

Nplej los ntawm nplej

Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej yog cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Txhua yam uas tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau cov nyiaj tau ua tib zoo sau. Los ntawmRaws li cov pov thawj thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem muaj sia nyob, cov rooj tog hauv chav tsev uas nyob hauv Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej (Moyka, 12) tau rov qab los raws li qhov ua tau hauv cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no.

Qee yam muaj sia nyob. Nyob rau hauv lub khob muaj ib tug decanter ua los ntawm ruby iav, nyob rau hauv uas tus kws sau paj lug khaws nws nyiam Madeira, thiab nyob ib sab ntawm nws ntawm ib lub tais yog cov seem ntawm tsev neeg cov nyiaj: ib diav thiab ib tug ladle. Hauv qab lub khob koj tuaj yeem pom lub tsho me me, uas tus kws sau paj huam tus tub tau ua kev cai raus dej, thiab ib feem ntawm cov ntaub uas cov phab ntsa tau muab tso rau (phab ntsa tseem tsis tau xyaum nyob rau hnub ntawd).

Tus kws sau paj lug thiab lub tsev qiv ntawv tau tsim dua tshiab nrog kev hlub tshwj xeeb. Nov yog ntau tshaj 4 txhiab phaus uas nws tus kheej sau, nrog rau kwv yees li kaum txhiab phau ntawv ntxiv hauv 17 yam lus.

Pushkin lub rooj, nws nyiam "Voltaire" rooj zaum nrog lub rooj zaum paj yeeb tsaus, lub hauv siab mus ncig thiab saber pub dawb los ntawm cov phooj ywg, kuj tau khaws cia. Lwm qhov khoom pov thawj uas lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Pushkin (St. Petersburg, Moika, 12) yog qhov txaus siab rau yog tus kws sau paj huam nyiam inkwell, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm ib tug poj niam dub hauv cov ris tsho kub thiab nrog ib lub pickaxe. Alexander Sergeevich nws tus kheej txaus siab rau nws keeb kwm, yeej tsis plam lub sijhawm los hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov tsos, yog li nws nyiam lub trinket.

Tus cwj mem qub, uas tus kws sau paj huam tuav hauv nws txhais tes, muab tso rau hauv lub thawv kaw nrog lub hau pob tshab. Thaj, muaj ntau tus uas xav tuav lub "magic" ntawv sau.

Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej St. Petersburg Moika 12
Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej St. Petersburg Moika 12

Txoj kev ntawm Emperor

Muaj ntau lub pas dej hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm, uas Pushkin taug kev raws cov pavementsNorthern capital. Ntawm lawv yog nws nyiam, ua los ntawm xyoob, nrog ib lub pob ntawm Peter kuv es tsis txhob lub pob qhov rooj. Contrary to txhua yam uas tau hais txog cov kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv Soviet cov tsev kawm ntawv, nws tsis yog txhua yam xws li ib tug fighter tawm tsam tsarism. Thiab huab tais tsis ua phem tshaj qhov ntsuas - nws nyob deb heev ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm USSR.

Nws paub tias Pushkin, nyob rau hauv nws lub txaj tuag, nug Nicholas kuv rau kev zam txim rau lub duel thiab tau txais cov lus teb zoo nrog lub luag haujlwm tsis txhob tso tus kws sau paj huam tsev neeg tsis nco qab. Daim ntawv no tau khaws cia ntawm nws cov khoom pov thawj los ntawm Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej. Moika, 12 - qhov chaw nyob kawg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, yog li tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tus huab tais khaws nws cov lus cog tseg, yog li ua rau muaj kev hais lus xaiv tshiab txog nws txoj kev hlub nrog Natalya Nikolaevna (uas tsuas yog tus poj niam cev xeeb tub mus ib txhis tsis tau txuas nrog). Pom tau tias, Monica Bellucci hais yog lawm thaum nws hais tias tib neeg tuaj yeem zam txim rau tib neeg lub siab thiab txawm tias muaj txuj ci, tab sis tsis zoo nkauj.

Tsev khaws puav pheej

Ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, cov duab kos ntawm lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej thiab nws cov neeg kawm, pleev xim los ntawm cov kws kos duab nto moo Lavxias teb sab, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov canvases ntawm cov neeg pleev kob nto moo - Aivazovsky, Repin, Myasoedov thiab lwm tus, mob siab rau lub ntsiab lus Pushkin tsim nyog tshwj xeeb.

Tam sim no lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Pushkin (Moyka, 12) suav nrog 9 chav. Nyob rau hauv pem teb, nyob rau hauv pem teb, ob chav yog nplooj siab mus rau lub introductory memorial exhibition - phau ntawv qhia qhia cov neeg tuaj saib mus rau lub xeem lub hlis ntawm tus kws sau paj lug lub neej, mus rau cov saw ntawm cov xwm txheej uas coj nws mus rau lub Black River. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom thawj daim ntawv tsis qhia npe thuam, uasPushkin tau txais (thiab ntseeg tias Dantes xa nws), cov duab ntawm lub vib nas this, ib daim qauv ntawm kev sib tw (thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tw), nrog rau ib nkawm rab yaj phom duel.

Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej Moika 12 duab
Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej Moika 12 duab

Qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig: zaj yeeb yaj kiab nthuav tawm ntawm chav mus rau chav thiab xaus rau hauv chav me me uas lub hleb nrog lub cev ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tuag sawv. Ntau tus neeg qhuas tuaj ntawm no los hais lus zoo rau nws, kuj tseem muaj lub npog ntsej muag tuag, ib qho khoom plig nrog curl ntawm tus kws sau paj lug cov plaub hau. Qhov kev thov txawv txawv no tau ua los ntawm Turgenev - lub tsev khaws puav pheej (Moika, 12) qhia nws daim ntawv, raws li cov plaub hau raug txiav tawm ob hnub tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam los ntawm nws lub valet, uas yog li tau nyiaj kub. Tawm tsam phab ntsa rov qab, tom qab iav, koj tuaj yeem pom lub tsho khuam thiab hnab looj tes dawb uas Alexander Sergeevich tua nws tus kheej.

Vim kev sib tw

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias tag nrho zaj dab neeg ntawm duel tsis yooj yim thiab schematic raws li tau piav qhia rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Natalya Nikolaevna nyob rau hauv lub tragic zaj dab neeg yog txhais los ntawm ib co hotheads tsis zoo, tab sis, raws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm nws contemporaries, nws yog ib tug nyob ntsiag to poj niam, nws tsis ci nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nrog secularism. Thaum lub sijhawm yug me nyuam ntawm "kev sib hlub cua daj cua dub" nrog Dantes, Goncharova tau xav tias yuav muaj menyuam dua - thiab nws cev xeeb tub yog tsis muaj huab cua.

Tej zaum Pushkin tus mob tau cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb: xws li cua daj cua dub ntawm kev qias neeg qias neeg tuaj ncig nws tus poj niam uas nws xav tias yuav tsum tau teb rau nws.

Moika Tsev khaws puav pheej 12
Moika Tsev khaws puav pheej 12

Qhov tseeb thiab dab neeg

Tsis qhia npe libel ntawdtau txais los ntawm Pushkin thiab ob peb ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, qhov twg tus kws sau paj lug hu ua "cuckold", los ua tus txiav txim vim li cas rau lub duel. Alexander Sergeevich ntaus nqi sau ntawv rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Heckeren, tab sis tus neeg ua txhaum tiag tsis tau txheeb xyuas txog hnub no. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm sib sau ua ke.

Ib txhia liam Idalia Poletika (tus npawg thib ob ntawm Natalya Nikolaevna) rau qhov tshwm sim. Hais tias, nws yog nws uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog Dantes, thiab tus neeg tsis paub qab hau Pushkina tau ua tus npog rau tus neeg nyiam, uas tus kws sau paj huam tsis txaus ntseeg tau them.

Lwm tus "pom zoo" rau qhov kev xav tsis tseeb uas Heckeren yog ib tus neeg soj xyuas txawv teb chaws, thiab Pushkin tau txiav txim siab tshem tawm nws, txij li nws tau koom nrog hauv kev pabcuam zais cia.

Trust the professionals

Txhawm rau hnov qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim di ncauj ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, koj yuav tsum mus rau qhov chaw nyob: Moika, 12. Pushkin lub tsev, uas tau dhau los ua nws qhov chaw nkaum kawg, tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam rau tus neeg uas yog. npaj saib thiab mloog. Cov kws qhia hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsim nyog tau txais kev qhuas siab tshaj plaws. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, nws yog me me, yog li tsuas yog kev mus ncig ua si.

tsheb ntxuav 12 Pushkin lub tsev
tsheb ntxuav 12 Pushkin lub tsev

Raws li qhov kev nruj nruj tsim los ntawm Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej (Moika, 12), cov duab ntawm cov khoom pov thawj uas nyob hauv qab daus tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm ntau qhov chaw hauv Internet - txwv tsis pub thaij duab ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau cov chav nws tso cai rau siv ib lub koob yees duab los yog ib lub koob yees duab, rau qhov no koj yuav tau them ib tug cim rau hnub no.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej qhib txhua hnub, txij li ib nrab ntawm kaum rau thaum sawv ntxov txog rau thaum yav tsaus ntuj, hnub so yog hnub Tuesday. Yuav tsumNco ntsoov tias qhov chaw pib pib qhib txog 17-00, tom qab lub sijhawm no koj tuaj yeem nkag tsis tau sab hauv, yog li nws zoo dua los npaj kev mus ncig thaum sawv ntxov.

Pom zoo: