Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Ostrovsky. Cov theem thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Ostrovsky txoj haujlwm

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky yog tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias thiab tus kws ua yeeb yam nto moo uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub tebchaws ua yeeb yam. Nws tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab ntawm kev ua si tiag tiag thiab sau ntau yam haujlwm zoo kawg li. Kab lus no yuav qhia txog cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm Ostrovsky txoj haujlwm. Raws li lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm nws phau ntawv keeb kwm.

Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky, uas nws daim duab tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, yug hauv 1823, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 31, hauv Moscow, hauv Malaya Ordynka koog tsev kawm ntawv. Nws txiv, Nikolai Fedorovich, loj hlob hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug pov thawj, kawm tiav los ntawm Moscow Theological Academy nws tus kheej, tab sis tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws tau los ua tus kws lij choj hauv tsev hais plaub, koom nrog kev lag luam thiab kev cai lij choj. Nikolai Fedorovich tau tswj kom nce mus rau qib ntawm tus kws pab tswv yim, thiab tom qab ntawd (hauv 1839) tau txais cov nom tswv. Leej niam ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej playwright, Savvina Lyubov Ivanovna, yog tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug sexton. Nws tuag thaum Alexander tsuas yogxya xyoo. Rau tus menyuam loj hlob hauv tsev neeg Ostrovsky. Nikolai Fedorovich tau ua txhua yam kom ntseeg tau tias cov menyuam loj hlob hauv kev vam meej thiab tau txais kev kawm zoo. Ob peb xyoos tom qab kev tuag ntawm Lyubov Ivanovna, nws tau sib yuav zaum ob. Nws tus poj niam yog Emilia Andreevna von Tessin, baroness, tus ntxhais ntawm Swedish nobleman. Cov me nyuam muaj hmoo heev nrog niam txiv: nws nrhiav tau ib txoj hauv kev rau lawv thiab kawm txuas ntxiv mus.

Youth

Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky siv nws thaum yau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Zamoskvorechye. Nws txiv muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv zoo heev, ua tsaug rau tus tub hluas tau paub ntxov nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias thiab xav tias nyiam sau ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, leej txiv pom tsuas yog tus kws lij choj hauv tus tub. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1835, Alexander raug xa mus rau lub First Moscow Gymnasium, tom qab kawm nyob rau hauv uas nws tau los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow University. Txawm li cas los xij, Ostrovsky tsis tau ua tiav txoj cai lij choj. Nws sib cav nrog tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm nws txiv, Alexander Nikolayevich mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub raws li ib tug kws sau ntawv thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no tau ntau xyoo.

Test pen

Txawm li cas los xij, Alexander Nikolayevich tsis tawm hauv kev sim ua pov thawj nws tus kheej hauv kev sau ntawv. Hauv nws thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam, nws tau ua raws li kev liam, "kev coj ncaj ncees-kev coj noj coj ua". Thawj tej hauj lwm ntawm Ostrovsky tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab tsab, Moscow City List, nyob rau hauv 1847. Cov no yog sketches rau comedy "Failed Debtor" thiab cov ntawv sau "Notes of a Zamoskvoretsky Resident". Hauv kev tshaj tawm yog cov ntawv "A. O." thiab "D. G." Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj qee yam Dmitry Gorev muab cov tub ntxhais hluasplaywright kev koom tes. Nws tsis tau ua tiav dhau qhov kev sau ntawv ntawm ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej, tab sis tom qab ntawd dhau los ua qhov teeb meem loj rau Ostrovsky. Qee cov neeg tsis txaus siab tom qab tau liam tus neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm plagiarism. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, ntau yam zoo kawg li plays yuav tawm los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm Alexander Nikolaevich, thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav twv yuav raug hu tsis ntseeg nws txuj ci. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Ostrovsky yuav piav qhia meej. Cov lus hauv qab no yuav pab npaj cov ntaub ntawv tau txais.

First Success

Qhov no tshwm sim thaum twg? Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Ostrovsky tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tom qab kev tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 1850 ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Tus kheej cov neeg - cia peb daws!". Txoj haujlwm no ua rau muaj kev tshuaj xyuas zoo hauv cov ntawv nyeem. I. A. Goncharov thiab N. V. Gogol muab qhov kev ua si rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho zoo nkauj ya hauv cov tshuaj pleev kuj poob rau hauv lub thoob ntawm zib mu. Cov neeg sawv cev muaj zog ntawm cov tub lag luam Moscow, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam, yws rau cov tub ceev xwm siab tshaj plaws txog cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsis ncaj ncees. Qhov kev ua si tau raug txwv tam sim ntawd rau kev ua yeeb yam, tus sau tau raug ntiab tawm ntawm kev pabcuam thiab muab tso rau hauv kev saib xyuas nruj tshaj plaws ntawm tub ceev xwm. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej txiav txim ntawm Emperor Nicholas kuv nws tus kheej. Kev saib xyuas raug tshem tawm tsuas yog tom qab Emperor Alexander II tau nce lub zwm txwv. Thiab cov pej xeem ua yeeb yam pom cov yeeb yaj kiab tsuas yog xyoo 1861, tom qab kev txwv tsis pub nws cov khoom raug tshem tawm.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Cov hauj lwm thaum ntxov ntawm A. N. Ostrovsky tsis mus unnoticed, nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub Moskvityanin magazine. Tus playwright nquag koom tes nrog qhov noluam tawm ob qho tib si ua tus neeg thuam thiab ua tus editor hauv 1850-1851. Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm "cov tub ntxhais hluas editors" ntawm lub magazine thiab lub ntsiab ideologist ntawm lub voj voog, A. A. Grigoriev, Alexander Nikolayevich tsim cov yeeb yam "Kev txom nyem tsis yog ib tug lwm", "Tsis txhob zaum nyob rau hauv koj sleigh", "Tsis txhob nyob li. koj xav tau." Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Ostrovsky txoj hauj lwm nyob rau lub sij hawm no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm patriarchy, Lavxias teb sab kev lis kev cai qub thiab kab lig kev cai. Cov kev xav no me ntsis muffled lub accusatory pathos ntawm tus sau txoj hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog no, kev txawj ntse ntawm Alexander Nikolayevich loj hlob. Nws cov yeeb yam tau dhau los ua nto moo thiab xav tau.

Kev koom tes nrog Sovremennik

Pib txij xyoo 1853, rau peb caug xyoo, cov yeeb yam ntawm Alexander Nikolaevich tau tshwm sim txhua lub caij ntawm cov theem ntawm Maly (hauv Moscow) thiab Alexandrinsky (hauv St. Petersburg) ua yeeb yam. Txij li thaum 1856, Ostrovsky txoj hauj lwm tau tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv lub Sovremennik magazine (ua hauj lwm yog luam tawm). Thaum lub sij hawm kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws (ua ntej lub abolition ntawm serfdom nyob rau hauv 1861), tus kws sau ntawv tej hauj lwm tau txais accusatory sharpness. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua si "Hangover ntawm ib lub koob tsheej txawv txawv", tus kws sau ntawv tsim ib tug impressive duab ntawm Bruskov Tit Titych, nyob rau hauv uas nws embodied lub brute thiab tsaus hwj chim ntawm domestic autocracy. Ntawm no, thawj zaug, lo lus "tyrant" tau hnov, uas tom qab ntawd tau kho rau tag nrho cov duab ntawm Ostrovsky cov cim. Nyob rau hauv lub comedy "Profitable Place" kev noj nyiaj txiag ntawm cov tub ceev xwm uas tau los ua tus qauv raug thuam. Zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Cov Tub Kawm Ntawv" yog kev tawm tsam kev ua phem rau tus neeg. Lwm theem ntawm Ostrovsky txoj haujlwm yuav piav qhia hauv qab no. Tab sis lub pinnacle ntawm ncav lub sij hawm no ntawm nwsKev sau ntawv yog kev ua yeeb yam-kev puas siab ntsws "Thunderstorm".

Thunderstorm

Hauv qhov kev ua si no, Ostrovsky's bytovik tau pleev xim rau qhov chaw dull ntawm lub nroog lub nroog nrog nws txoj kev siab phem, kev ua phem, thiab kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm "tus neeg laus" thiab nplua nuj. Nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam rau lub ntiaj teb no tsis zoo tag nrho ntawm cov neeg, Alexander Nikolayevich depicts breathtaking duab ntawm lub Volga xwm. Cov duab ntawm Katerina yog npog nrog kev zoo nkauj tragic thiab gloomy ntxim nyiam. Lub thunderstorm symbolizes sab ntsuj plig tsis meej pem ntawm lub heroine thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm personifies lub nra ntawm kev ntshai nyob rau hauv uas tib neeg niaj hnub nyob. Lub nceeg vaj ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev mloog lus yog undermined, raws li Ostrovsky, los ntawm ob lub zog: kev nkag siab zoo, uas Kuligin tshaj tawm hauv kev ua si, thiab Katerina lub siab dawb huv. Nyob rau hauv nws "Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom", tus neeg thuam Dobrolyubov txhais cov duab ntawm lub cim tseem ceeb ua lub cim ntawm kev tawm tsam sib sib zog nqus, maj mam ripening hauv lub tebchaws.

Ua tsaug rau qhov kev ua si no, Ostrovsky lub tswv yim tau tawm mus rau qhov siab tsis tuaj yeem. Lub Thunderstorm ua rau Alexander Nikolaevich nto moo tshaj plaws thiab revered Lavxias teb sab playwright.

keeb kwm motifs

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab xyoo 1860, Alexander Nikolayevich pib kawm keeb kwm ntawm Lub Sijhawm Teebmeem. Nws pib sib tham nrog tus naas ej historian thiab pej xeem daim duab Nikolai Ivanovich Kostomarov. Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov chaw loj, tus kws sau nkauj tau tsim ib lub voj voog ntawm keeb kwm ua haujlwm: "Dmitry tus Pretender thiab Vasily Shuisky", "Kozma Zakharyich Minin-Sukhoruk", "Tushino". Cov teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws keeb kwm tau piav qhia los ntawm Ostrovskytxawj ntse thiab qhabnias.

Lwm daim

Alexander Nikolaevich tseem tseem muaj tseeb rau nws lub ntsiab lus nyiam. Nyob rau xyoo 1860, nws tau sau ntau "txhua hnub" ua yeeb yam thiab ua yeeb yam. Ntawm lawv: "Hnub hnub", "Abyss", "Jokers". Cov hauj lwm no tau sib sau ua ke cov kev xav uas twb tau pom los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Txij li thaum lig 1860s, Ostrovsky txoj hauj lwm tau ua nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm active kev loj hlob. Hauv nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam, cov duab thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm "tshiab" Russia uas dim txoj kev hloov pauv tshwm sim: cov neeg lag luam, cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig, degenerate patriarchal moneybags thiab "Europeanized" tub lag luam. Alexander Nikolayevich tau tsim ib lub voj voog ci ntsa iab ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yam debunking tom qab hloov kho qhov kev xav ntawm cov pej xeem: "Mad Money", "Lub Plawv Kub", "Hma thiab Yaj", "Hmoob". Txoj kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam yog lub siab dawb huv, cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe: Parasha los ntawm "Lub Plawv Kub", Aksyusha los ntawm "Forest". Ostrovsky cov tswv yim hais txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, kev zoo siab thiab lub luag hauj lwm twb embodied nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam "Liab Cij". Yuav luag tag nrho ntawm Alexander Nikolayevich cov hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv 1870s tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Otechestvennye Zapiski.

Snow Maiden

Nyob zoo ib tsoom kwv tij phooj ywg sawv daws. Maly Theatre raug kaw rau kev kho hauv xyoo 1873. Nws cov kws ua yeeb yam tau tsiv mus rau lub tsev ntawm Bolshoi Theatre. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lub commission rau kev tswj ntawm lub Moscow imperial theaters txiav txim siab los tsim ib tug ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv uas peb troupes yuav koom nrog: opera, ballet thiab ua yeeb yam. Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky tau lees paub los sau ib qho kev ua si zoo sib xws. Snow Maiden tau sau los ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. IbTus sau tau muab lub ntsiab lus los ntawm ib tug pej xeem Lavxias teb sab dab neeg raws li lub hauv paus. Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua si, nws ua tib zoo xaiv qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov nqe lus, sab laj nrog archaeologists, historians, thiab connoisseurs ntawm ancient sij hawm. Cov suab paj nruag rau kev ua si tau tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas P. I. Tchaikovsky. Lub premiere ntawm kev ua si tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1873, nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 11, nyob rau theem ntawm lub Bolshoi Theatre. K. S. Stanislavsky tau hais txog Snow Maiden ua ib zaj dab neeg, npau suav hais hauv nqe lus zoo thiab zoo kawg nkaus. Nws hais tias tus realist thiab bytovik Ostrovsky tau sau qhov kev ua si zoo li ua ntej uas nws tsis nyiam dab tsi tsuas yog kev hlub thiab paj huam xwb.

Ua haujlwm xyoo tas los no

Lub sijhawm no, Ostrovsky tau tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tseem ceeb hauv kev xav thiab kev ua yeeb yam. Lawv qhia txog txoj hmoo phem ntawm cov poj niam uas muaj txiaj ntsig, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntiaj teb cynical thiab greedy: "Kev txawj ntse thiab kev qhuas", "Dowry". Ntawm no tus kws sau nkauj tau tsim cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm theem qhia, cia siab tias yuav ua haujlwm ntawm Anton Chekhov. Khaws qhov peculiarities ntawm nws dramaturgy, Alexander Nikolaevich nrhiav kom embody lub "sab hauv kev tawm tsam" ntawm cov cim nyob rau hauv ib tug "ntseeg subtle comedy"

kev ua si hauv zej zog

Xyoo 1866, Alexander Nikolaevich tau tsim lub voj voog nto moo Artistic. Tom qab ntawd nws tau muab rau Moscow theem ntau tus neeg txawj ntse. Ostrovsky tau tuaj xyuas los ntawm D. V. Grigorovich, I. A. Goncharov, I. S. Turgenev, P. M. Sadovsky, A. F. Pisemsky, G. N. Fedotova, M. E. Ermolova, P. I. Tchaikovsky, L. N. Tolstoy, M. E. S altykov.-Shchedrin, E.

Xyoo 1874, Russia muajLub koom haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab Dramatic Writers thiab Opera Composers tau tsim. Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky raug xaiv los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub koom haum. Cov duab ntawm cov pej xeem nto moo tau paub rau txhua tus hlub ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv Russia. Tus neeg hloov kho tau siv zog ntau los xyuas kom meej tias txoj cai tswj hwm kev ua yeeb yam tau hloov kho kom haum rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam, thiab yog li txhim kho lawv cov nyiaj txiag thiab kev sib raug zoo.

Xyoo 1885, Alexander Nikolaevich tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub repertoire ntawm Moscow theatre thiab tau los ua lub taub hau ntawm tsev kawm ua yeeb yam.

Ostrovsky Theatre

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Alexander Ostrovsky yog inextricably txuas nrog kev tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev ua yeeb yam tiag tiag hauv nws txoj kev xav niaj hnub no. Tus kws sau nkauj thiab kws sau ntawv tau tswj hwm los tsim nws lub tsev kawm ua yeeb yam thiab lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb rau kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Ostrovsky txoj haujlwm hauv kev ua yeeb yam yog qhov tsis muaj kev tawm tsam rau kev ua yeeb yam thiab qhov xwm txheej hnyav hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Alexander Nikolaevich, cov xwm txheej zoo tib yam tshwm sim nrog tib neeg.

Lub tswv yim hloov pauv tseem ceeb:

• lub tsev ua yeeb yam yuav tsum ua rau cov rooj sib txoos (muaj qhov pom tsis tau "plab plaub" uas cais cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam);
• thaum ua yeeb yam, thawj koom ruam yuav tsum tsis yog ntawm ib tus neeg paub zoo, tab sis ntawm pab pawg kws ua yeeb yam uas nkag siab zoo;
• qhov tsis sib xws ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam rau cov lus: tus cwj pwm hais lus yuav tsumqhia yuav luag txhua yam hais txog cov cim qhia hauv kev ua si;
• neeg tuaj ua yeeb yam los saib cov neeg ua yeeb yam, tsis yog kom paub ua si - lawv tuaj yeem nyeem hauv tsev.

Cov tswv yim uas tus kws sau ntawv Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich tuaj nrog tau ua tiav tom qab los ntawm M. A. Bulgakov thiab K. S. Stanislavsky.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Tus kws sau ntawv tus kheej lub neej tsis muaj qhov txaus nyiam tshaj li nws cov ntawv sau. Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem sib yuav nrog ib tug yooj yim bourgeois rau yuav luag nees nkaum xyoo. Nthuav qhov tseeb thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txij nkawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab nws thawj tus poj niam tseem zoo siab rau cov kws tshawb fawb.

Xyoo 1847, hauv Nikolo-Vorobinovsky Lane, nyob ib sab ntawm lub tsev uas Ostrovsky nyob, ib tug ntxhais hluas, Agafya Ivanovna, nrog nws tus muam muaj kaum peb xyoos. Nws tsis muaj neeg txheeb ze lossis phooj ywg. Tsis muaj leej twg paub thaum nws ntsib Alexander Nikolayevich. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1848 cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj ib tug tub, Alexei. Tsis muaj ib qho xwm txheej rau kev yug me nyuam, yog li tus tub hluas tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw zov me nyuam ib ntus. Ostrovsky txiv tau npau taws heev uas nws tus tub tsis tsuas yog tawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab, tab sis kuj tau koom nrog ib tus poj niam bourgeois yooj yim nyob ntawm ib sab.

Txawm li cas los xij, Alexander Nikolaevich tau pom kev ruaj khov thiab, thaum nws txiv, nrog nws niam thiab txiv, tau tawm mus rau lub tsev uas nyuam qhuav yuav Shchelykovo hauv lub xeev Kostroma, nws tau nrog Agafya Ivanovna hauv nws lub tsev ntoo.

Tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus kws sau keeb kwm S. V. Maksimov tso dag hu ua Ostrovsky thawj tus poj niam "Marfa Posadnitsa", vim tiastias nws tau nyob ib sab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thaum lub sijhawm xav tau thiab kev nyuaj siab heev. Ostrovsky cov phooj ywg characterize Agafya Ivanovna raws li ib tug heev ntse thiab cordial neeg los ntawm qhov xwm. Nws zoo kawg nkaus paub tus cwj pwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub neej ua lag luam thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau Ostrovsky txoj haujlwm. Alexander Nikolaevich feem ntau sab laj nrog nws txog cov creation ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Agafya Ivanovna yog ib tug zoo kawg thiab txais tos hostess. Tab sis Ostrovsky tsis tau sau npe kev sib yuav nrog nws txawm tias tom qab nws txiv tuag. Tag nrho cov me nyuam uas yug hauv lub koom haum no tuag hluas heev, tsuas yog tus hlob, Alexei, luv luv outlived nws niam.

Ostrovsky tau txais lwm yam kev nyiam ua dhau sijhawm. Nws mob siab rau kev hlub nrog Lyubov Pavlovna Kositskaya-Nikulina, uas ua si Katerina ntawm lub premiere ntawm Thunderstorm nyob rau hauv 1859. Txawm li cas los xij, kev so ntawm tus kheej sai sai no tshwm sim: tus neeg ua yeeb yam tau tso tus neeg ua yeeb yam rau tus tub lag luam nplua nuj.

Tom qab ntawd Alexander Nikolaevich tau muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam Vasilyeva-Bakhmetyeva. Agafya Ivanovna paub txog qhov no, tab sis nws steadfastly nqa nws tus ntoo khaub lig thiab tswj tuav Ostrovsky kev hwm rau nws tus kheej. Tus poj niam tuag xyoo 1867, Lub Peb Hlis 6, tom qab mob hnyav. Alexander Nikolaevich tsis tawm hauv nws lub txaj mus txog thaum kawg. Qhov chaw faus ntawm Ostrovsky thawj tus poj niam tsis paub.

Ob xyoos tom qab, tus kws sau nkauj tau sib yuav Vasilyeva-Bakhmetyeva, uas yug nws ob tug ntxhais thiab plaub tug tub. Alexander Nikolaevich nyob nrog tus poj niam no mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub.

Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv

Kev sib raug zoo thiab kev muaj tswv yim ua tsis tau tab sis cuam tshuam rau lub xeevtus kws sau ntawv noj qab haus huv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias tus nqi zoo los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab nyiaj laus txhua xyoo ntawm 3 txhiab rubles, Alexander Nikolayevich yeej ib txwm luv luv ntawm cov nyiaj. Exhausted los ntawm kev txhawj xeeb tas li, tus kws sau ntawv lub cev nws thiaj li ua tsis tiav. Nyob rau hauv 1886, nyob rau lub Rau Hli 2, tus kws sau ntawv tuag ntawm nws thaj av Shchelykovo ze Kostroma. Emperor Alexander thib peb tau muab 3,000 rubles rau faus tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau muab nyiaj laus ntawm 3,000 rubles rau tus kws sau ntawv tus poj ntsuam, thiab lwm 2,400 rubles ib xyoos rau kev loj hlob Ostrovsky cov menyuam.

Chronological table

Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Ostrovsky tuaj yeem tshwm sim luv luv hauv lub sijhawm teev sijhawm.

A. N. Ostrovsky. Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm

1823 Lub Peb Hlis 31st	A. N. Ostrovsky yug.
1835	Tus neeg sau yav tom ntej nkag mus rau Thawj Chaw Ua Si hauv Moscow.
1840	Ostrovsky dhau los ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow University thiab pib kawm txoj cai.
1843	Alexander Nikolaevich tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv yam tsis tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj kev kawm.
1843	Ostrovsky pib ua tus sau ntawv hauv Moscow tsev hais plaub. Nws tau ua txoj haujlwm no txog xyoo 1851.
1846	Tus sau tau xeeb tub hu ua "Cov duab ntawm Tsev Neeg Zoo Siab".
1847	Cov ntawv sau "Cov Lus Ceeb Toom ntawm Zamoskvoretsky tus neeg nyob" thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua si "Ib Daim Duab Ntawm Tsev Neeg Zoo Siab" tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow City List.
1850	Ostrovsky luam tawm qhov kev ua si "Tus kheej neeg - cia peb daws!". Rau qhov no, nws raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab raug saib xyuas tub ceev xwm.
1852	Tshaj tawm ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Tus Poj Niam Phem" hauv phau ntawv xov xwm "Moskvityanin".
1853	Thawj qhov kev ua si los ntawm Ostrovsky tau ua nyob rau theem ntawm Maly Theatre. Nws yog ib tug comedy hu ua Don't Get in Your Sleigh.
1854	Tus kws sau ntawv sau ib tsab xov xwm "Rau lub siab dawb paug hauv kev thuam." The premiere of the play "Poverty is not a vice" coj qhov chaw.
1856	Alexander Nikolaevich dhau los ua tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Sovremennik magazine. Nws kuj koom nrog hauv Volga ethnographic ntoj ke mus kawm.
1857	Ostrovsky tab tom ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "Lawv tsis sib haum." Nws lwm qhov kev ua si, Qhov Chaw Ua Tau Zoo, tau raug txwv.
1859	Lub premiere ntawm Ostrovsky zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Thunderstorm" tau tshwm sim ntawm Maly Theatre. Cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau luam tawm hauv ob ntim.
1860	"Thunderstorm" yog luam tawm hauv luam. Tus playwright tau txais Uvarov nqi zog rau nws. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Ostrovsky txoj haujlwm tau piav qhia los ntawm Dobrolyubovnyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm tseem ceeb "Ib Beam of Light in the Dark Realm".
1962	zaj yeeb yaj kiab keeb kwm "Kozma Zakharyich Minin-Sukhoruk" tau luam tawm hauv Sovremennik. Ua hauj lwm pib ntawm comedy Balzaminov's Marriage.
1863	Ostrovsky tau txais Uvarov nqi zog rau kev ua si "Kev txhaum thiab teeb meem tsis nyob ntawm leej twg" thiab tau los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
1866 (raws li qee qhov chaw - 1865)	Alexander Nikolaevich tsim lub voj voog Artistic thiab dhau los ua nws tus thawj coj.
1868	Tus kws sau ntawv tau luam tawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Enough Stupidity in Every Wise Man" thiab tau teeb tsa nws thawj zaug ntawm Maly Theatre.
1873	zaj dab neeg caij nplooj ntoos hlav "Lub Caij Nplooj Hlav" tau nthuav tawm rau cov neeg tuaj saib.
1874	Ostrovsky tau los ua lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg sau ntawv thiab Opera Composers.
1885	Alexander Nikolaevich tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw ua yeeb yam hauv Moscow. Nws kuj tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm tsev kawm ua yeeb yam.
1886 Lub Rau Hli 2	Tus kws sau ntawv tuag ntawm nws thaj av ze Kostroma.

Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Ostrovsky tau sau nrog cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Ib lub rooj uas qhia txog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yuav pab kom kawm tau zoo dua.biography. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam ua yeeb yam ntawm Alexander Nikolaevich yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm tus zoo artist, lub Maly Theatre hu ua "Ostrovsky lub tsev", thiab qhov no hais ntau heev. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Ostrovsky, cov lus piav qhia luv luv uas tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, tsim nyog kawm kom ntxaws ntxiv.