Jazz kev sib raug zoo. Jazz Fundamentals

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Jazz kev sib raug zoo yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb uas pab tus neeg ua yeeb yam tsim kev tshaj lij thiab pab txhawb rau nws tsim hauv jazz suab paj nruag. Nws txhais tau hais tias kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub suab nws tus kheej, kab bass thaj tsam, deciphering ntawm chord "digits".

Lub hom phiaj ntawm jazz kev sib raug zoo yog zoo ib yam li classical. Qhov no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kev cai dav dav ntawm hom ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, jazz kuj yog raws li improvisation, yog li kev paub txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib haum xeeb yuav ntxiv qhov ntxoov ntxoo tshiab thiab kov rau lub improviser style.

Nws yog tus kws sau ntawv kos duab, lub tswv yim uas tsis xav tau kev txhais lus ntxiv thiab chord xaiv. Rau qhov piano hauv suab paj nruag ntawm Chick Corea, Bob James, Joe Sample, qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom no yog qhov ntau.

Lub tswvyim ntawm kev sib haum xeeb hauv jazz

Cov qauv kev sib haum xeeb ntawm chord nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm evolutionary txoj kev loj hlob ntawm jazz kev sib raug zoo maj mam dhau los ua nyuaj. Thaum xub thawj nws yog triads, xya chords, ces - 5-6 lub suab chords.

Sawv cev chords ua tus lej thiab cov tsiaj ntawv zoo ib yam li cov neeg ntaus harpsichord ua si li cashu ua digital bass nyob rau hnub ntawm Viennese classics. Thaum sau tawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm lub ntsuas, tus naj npawb-ntawv chord npe tau qhia rau saum. Tus so tau ntxiv los ntawm cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag hauv jazz orchestra, uas ua raws li qee yam qauv uas tsis cuam tshuam tus sau lub tswv yim. Cov khoom zoo li no sib haum mus rau cov twj paj nruag - harpsichord, piano. Hauv cov ntawv pop-jazz, tib qhov kev sib haum xeeb zoo sib xws.

Jazz Harmony yog qhov kev xav thiab kev xyaum ntawm kev siv chords li cas hauv suab paj nruag jazz. Jazz muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws nrog lwm cov kev coj ua hauv Western kev sib haum xeeb, xws li chord kev vam meej thiab siv cov nplai loj thiab me ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kho chord.

Piano thiab guitar yog ob lub twj paj nruag uas feem ntau muab kev sib haum xeeb rau ib pab pawg jazz. Tau kawg, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau cuam tshuam nrog kev sib haum xeeb hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, ua qhov chaw hauv cov ntsiab lus improvisational. Nov yog ib qho teeb meem loj tshaj hauv jazz.

Improvisation yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau hais thiab tseem ceeb ntawm jazz kev ua yeeb yam hauv suab paj nruag, thiab yog vim li cas. Cov kws ntaus nkauj Jazz ua feem ntau ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm tsis tu ncua, tso cai rau lawv ib puag ncig los cuam tshuam qhov lawv ua si. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm timbre, atherosclerosis, txawm tias cov ntawv sau ua si thiab thaum twg, raug tso tseg rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam, thiab sib txawv ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo mus rau qib siab dua li cov suab paj nruag classic, pob zeb, thiabyuav luag txhua yam kev lig kev cai Western.

Thaum lub sijhawm jazz improvisation, tus neeg hu nkauj yuav tsum muaj kev nkag siab zoo txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, nrog rau nws tus kheej txoj hauv kev rau chords thiab lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo rau cov nplai. Tus kheej style yog tsim los ntawm cov tsev blocks thiab lub tswv yim sib dhos.

Kev sib haum xeeb thiab suab paj nruag tsim kev sib koom tes tseem ceeb heev. Hauv zaj nkauj jazz, kev sib raug zoo ua haujlwm ntawm ntau qib:

1. Ib tug guitarist lossis pianist plays chords - kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntawv uas sib haum xeeb sib txawv.
2. Tus neeg hu nkauj lossis tus kws sau nkauj ntxiv suab nkauj tshaj chords. Yog li lub suab nkauj sib haum xeeb nrog chords.
3. Tus bassist coj nws txoj kab ntawm cov suab paj nruag raws chords thiab lub suab nkauj tseem ceeb, ntxiv rau lwm qib kev sib haum xeeb.

Jazz kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub guitar tsis muaj qhov sib txawv nrog lwm cov twj paj nruag, tab sis nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua si classic blues chords, thawv nplais thiab pentatonic nplai. Yuav kom paub qhov kev txawj ntse ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub guitar, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj kev paub txog jazz, uas yog qhov txawv heev thiab qee txoj hauv kev tsis pom zoo nrog qhov feem ntau lees txais.

Jazz musicians

Jazz cov kws kos duab kuj siv kev sib haum xeeb ua lawv lub ntsiab stylistic. Qhib kev sib haum xeeb yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm McCoy Tyner lub suab paj nruag, thaum lub suab nrov hloov pauv sai tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm John Coltrane lub sijhawm nruab nrab.

Horace Silver, Claire Fisher, David Brubecki, Bill Evans yogpianists uas nws compositions yog feem ntau raug ntawm chord-hnyav style txuam nrog jazz piano harmony.

Joe Henderson, Woody Shaw, Wayne Shorter thiab Benny Golson tsis yog pianists, tab sis lawv to taub meej txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib haum xeeb hauv cov qauv tsim thiab lub siab ntawm lub suab paj nruag. Cov kws sau nkauj no (xws li Dizzy Gillespie thiab Charles Mingus, uas tsis tshua tau sau ua pianists) muaj suab paj nruag raws li piano chords, txawm tias lawv tsis siv cov keyboards hauv kev ua yeeb yam.

Jazz hu nkauj

Nyob hauv lub suab jazz, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog nyob ntawm qhov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm kev sib dhos thiab kev sib haum xeeb, kev txav ntawm lub suab. Ib tug jazz vocalist yuav tsum xav tias kev tsim kho ntawm lub suab paj nruag. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog los qhia nws lub zeem muag ntawm lub ntsiab lus melodic yam tsis tau tawm ntawm lub ntsiab kev sib haum xeeb, hloov kho ntawm nws tus kheej txiav txim siab. Tam sim no, jazz thiab pop suab zoo heev muaj feem xyuam rau ib leeg, vim muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm jazz hauv cov suab paj nruag nrov. Lub suab muaj zog nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm, lub pob ntseg tsim tau zoo thiab sib haum xeeb sib txawv ntawm tus kws tshaj lij jazz.

Kev xyaum ntaus suab paj nruag yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los tsim kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev xav. Tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm los ntawm cov qauv kev sib haum xeeb hauv ntau yam yuam sij thiab txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov khoom sib haum xeeb.

Lab ntawv cim

Base for jazzKev sib haum xeeb tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm qhov loj-me me thiab European kev ua haujlwm. Txhua tus jazz improviser yuav tsum tau nkag siab thiab nkag siab txog cov ntawv sau uas siv rau hauv kev sib raug zoo. Cov tsiaj ntawv, lej thiab cov cim yog siv los sau npe chords.

Cov tsiaj ntawv loj Latin qhia:

1. Major triad, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub suab muab.
2. Yog sau tus lej lossis kos npe - lub suab nrov (lees txais) ntawm chord.

Ib me me ntawm ib tsab ntawv loj qhia tias chord yog me.

Abbreviations

Cov ntawv luv lossis tsab ntawv M qhia tias xya qhov tseem ceeb tau ntxiv rau lub triad loj.

Tus luv luv txhais tau tias ploj zuj zus xya chord.

Ntaus

• 6 - loj thib rau ntxiv rau qhov loj / me triad;
• 7 - me thib xya ntxiv rau qhov loj / me triad;
• 9 - added big nona;
• 9maj - Nona loj ntxiv rau qhov loj thib xya chord;
• 9/6 - ntxiv kev sib deev loj thiab nona;
• 11 - me thib xya / zoo nona / ntshiab undecima ntxiv rau qhov loj lossis me triad;
• 13 - me xya / loj nona / ntshiab undecima / loj terdcecima ntxiv rau triad.

Cov paib ♭ thiabrau sab xis ntawm tsab ntawv qhia qhov txo qis / nce ntawm chord los ntawm semitone thiab hu ua kev sib tsoo. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem qhia txog qhov txo qis / nce qib tsib, xya, nona, undecima, lossis terdecima thaum muab tso rau ze ntawm tus lej.

Chords

Ua tsaug chords injazz kev sib raug zoo tau muab tso rau hauv qhov loj thiab me thib peb, txawm hais tias qhov ntshiab plaub kuj muaj.

Hauv kev sib raug zoo classical, cov npe ntawm chords, feem ntau suav hais tias yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm hom, los ntawm modal functions thiab degrees: dominant xya chord (D7), quintsext chord ntawm qib thib ob. Jazz ua haujlwm raws li cov lus hauv paus. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub chord tau txais nws lub npe nyob ntawm lub suab uas tau siv hauv nws qhov kev tsim kho: D me xya chord (Dm7), F loj xya chord (Fmaj7). Tib lub sijhawm, lub npe tsis nyob ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm.

Jazz suab paj nruag kuj txhawb qee qhov kev sib haum xeeb thiab suav nrog cov ntu xws li tsis muaj, tsis muaj lej, thiab terdecimals.

xya chords

Jazz kev sib raug zoo yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev siv xya chords raws li lub ntsiab kev sib haum xeeb yog qhov ntau ntawm no dua li triads hauv cov suab paj nruag classical.

Hauv kev xyaum, plaub pawg tseem ceeb ntawm chords feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv jazz, thiab ib qho me me thib xya chord ntxiv rau lawv. Ib tug xya chord yog ib tug chord ntawm 4 lub suab uas yog teem nyob rau hauv peb. Ib tug muaj ib tug txo xya, peb muaj ib tug xya me, peb muaj ib tug loj xya.

Basic xyab chords:

• me me;
• major;
• loj me;
• nomnom.

Txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo yog qhov hloov pauv chords suav nrog thaum cov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv cov suab paj nruag lossis tseem ceeb rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau.

Chords taumuaj ntau tshaj 4 daim ntawv. Piv txwv li, C-sharp C9 chord suav nrog C, E-flat, G, A, D.

Cov chords no tuaj yeem muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov cim tom qab chord cim. Muaj ntau ntau yam hauv chord cim siv hauv jazz notation.

Jazz chord naming system txiav txim siab raws li tus neeg sau xav tau.

Chord Symbol Chart

Symbol designation chord	Notes	Chord name
CΔ, CM7, Cmaj7	C E G B	Grand major xyav chord
C7	C E G B♭	Txoj kev xya caum chord
C-7, Cm7	C E♭ G B♭	Me me xya tus chord
C-Δ7, CmM7, C⑦	C E♭ G B	Zoo me me xya chord
C∅, Cm7♭5, C-7♭5	C E♭ G♭ B♭	Semi-txo xyab chord
Co7, Cdim7	C E♭ G♭ B♭♭	Txo xyab chord

Triton

Tritone, lossis tritone hloov pauv - cov txheej txheem pom feem ntau hauv jazz kev sib raug zoo. Hauv qhov no, ib qho chord hloov los ntawm lwm qhov, nyob ntawm peb lub suab siab dua lossis qis dua, thaum lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus chord yog khaws cia.

Hlub hauv chords

Lub hauv paus ntawm jazz suav nrog lub tswvyim ntawm "kev ncua", uas tuaj rau jazz los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm classical, tab sis nyob rau hauv classical nws yog li cas ib tug melodic kab yog tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv jazz -ua li cas ib tug chord. Nws nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias plaub yog siv los ntawm qhov thib peb ntawm chord, ua, raws li nws yog, ib tug "ntev", unsolved suab rau hauv peb. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tsim ntawm chord tshiab, uas muaj nws tus kheej alphanumeric designation. Ib qho piv txwv yog C9sus chord, uas tuaj yeem sau yooj yim dua - C/Gm7.

Qhov txawv ntawm kev sib haum xeeb classical

Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm jazz kev sib haum xeeb rau cov neeg ua tsis taus pa los pab cov neeg pib tshiab kom tuav nrog jazz xyaum.

1. Siv cov triads (raws li nyob rau hauv classical kev sib raug zoo), xya chords thiab nonchords yog feem ntau, thiab es tsis txhob ntawm xya chords, undecimals thiab thib peb decimals.
2. Kev hloov pauv feem ntau siv, suav nrog kev sib cav sib ceg hauv tib chord.
3. Ntau tus tsis sib haum xeeb: tritones, xya, tsis yog, vib nas this. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, dissonant intervals yuav tsum tsis txhob poob los ntawm lub suab. Koj tuaj yeem npaj cov chords kom tus pianist sab laug tes suab nyob rau hauv lub predominance ntawm xya. Deviations thiab modulations yog siv los ntawm tonality theem.
4. Koj tuaj yeem ua si txav mus rau qhov sib npaug lossis tag nrho chords, raws li qhov sib npaug plaub, tsib, xya thiab lej yog qhov muaj ntau hauv jazz, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv basses. Parallel sixth chords, xya chords thiab nonnchords yuav ntxiv lub suab zoo.
5. ob npaug chord tones raws li xav tau.
6. Melody tej zaum yuav tsis muaj chord suab. Cov kab lus paub daws teeb meem yuav ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke thiab nthuav ntau dua.
7. Nyob rau hauv jazz kev sib raug zoo, ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua los ntawmbass thaj tsam, yog li cov kab bass thaj tsam yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm, melodious thiab kos tawm. Nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem ntxiv viav vias, cov ntawv zoo nkauj, ntau yam kev ua tau zoo, xws li staccato, thaum lub suab ua tiav sai, lossis marcato. Viav vias yuav accentuate lub suab paj nruag los ntawm tsis ua si lub suab ntawm ib tug complex chord tib lub sij hawm. Yog li, chord yog perceived nyob rau hauv ib feem, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hnov txhua yam ntawm nws.
8. Tremolo hais txog qhov xav tau chord.
9. Nws pom zoo kom ntxiv chord nrog tones (sixths thiab quarts).

Hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm classical, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag tsom mus rau kev xa cov ntawv suab paj nruag raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv classic, tsis hloov pauv. Txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg ua yeeb yam jazz yog nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav muaj tswv yim txuas ntxiv hauv kev sib haum xeeb. Nyob rau hauv lus dag qhov sib txawv. Hauv jazz, txhua qhov kev ua si ntawm cov khoom siv suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib haum xeeb muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv, tab sis tib lub sij hawm, nws tsis yog lub suab nws tus kheej hloov, tab sis kev sib haum xeeb. Qhov no, tus sau cov lus tsis hloov. Lub tswv yim thiab kev xav ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag muab ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev hloov kho.