Kev ua yeeb yam hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog ntau yam sib txawv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Feem ntau hais lus, ua yeeb yam yog ib txoj haujlwm uas txhais tau tias yuav ua. Lawv txawv ntawm cov lus piav qhia nyob rau hauv uas lub xub ntiag ntawm tus sau yog xyaum tsis xav thiab lawv tsim nyob rau hauv kev sib tham.

Literature genres by content

Txhua yam haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab yog keeb kwm tsim thiab tsim hom. Nws yog hu ua ib hom ntawv (los ntawm Fabkis hom - genus, hom). Hais txog ntau yam ntaub ntawv, plaub lub ntsiab tuaj yeem hu ua: lyrical thiab lyrical epic, nrog rau epic thiab ua yeeb yam.

• Thawj, raws li txoj cai, suav nrog cov lus paj huam ntawm cov ntawv me me: paj huam, elegies, sonnets, nkauj, thiab lwm yam.
• Lub suab paj nruag epic muaj xws li ballads thiab paj huam, i.e. cov duab loj.
• Cov qauv piav qhia (los ntawm kev sau ntawv mus rau tshiab) yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov haujlwm epic.
• Txoj kev ua yeeb yam yog sawv cev los ntawm tragedy, drama thiab comedy.

Comedy nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, thiab tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, tau nquag tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Muaj tseeb tiag, nws raug suav hais tias yog lub hauv paus qis dua piv rau epic thiab xwm txheej.

Comedy as literarygenre

Txoj haujlwm ntawm txoj kev npaj no yog ib hom yeeb yam, uas qee cov cim lossis xwm txheej tau nthuav tawm hauv kev lom zem lossis tsis txaus ntseeg. Raws li txoj cai, nrog kev pab ntawm luag, lom zem, feem ntau satire, ib yam dab tsi yog denounced, txawm nws yog tib neeg vices los yog ib co unsightly yam ntawm lub neej.

Kev lom zem hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev xwm txheej, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis tuaj yeem tsim. Thiab nws tus thawj coj loj thiab siab tawv yuav tsum xaiv txoj kev tuag, qee zaum ntawm tus nqi ntawm nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv comedy, qhov ntxeev lus yog qhov tseeb: nws tus cwj pwm yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab cov xwm txheej uas nws pom nws tus kheej kuj tsis tshua muaj neeg thuam. Qhov kev sib txawv no rov qab mus rau qub txeeg qub teg.

Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm classicism, nws ciaj sia. Heroes tau piav qhia txog kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm cov vajntxwv thiab cov bourgeois petty. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, lub hom phiaj zoo li no - kom pom kev, thuam qhov tsis txaus ntseeg - tau teeb tsa los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Lub ntsiab txhais ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tau muab los ntawm Aristotle. Nws tau los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tib neeg tsis zoo los yog zoo, sib txawv ntawm ib leeg los ntawm kev ua phem lossis kev tsim txiaj, yog li qhov phem tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv comedy. Thiab qhov xwm txheej yog tsim los qhia cov neeg uas zoo dua cov uas muaj nyob hauv lub neej tiag tiag.

Nyob ntawm comedies hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Kev lom zem ua yeeb yam, dhau los, muaj ntau hom. Comedy nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kuj yog vaudeville thiab farce. Thiab raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim duab, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb hom: kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus cwj pwm.

Vaudeville, ua ntau hom kev ua yeeb yam no, sawv cevyog lub teeb theem ua yeeb yam nrog kev lom zem intrigue. Hauv nws, ib qho chaw loj tau mob siab rau hu nkauj thiab seev cev.

Farce kuj muaj lub teeb, ua si ua yeeb yam. Nws qhov kev txav mus los yog nrog los ntawm cov teebmeem comic sab nraud, feem ntau rau qhov kev saj tsis zoo.

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm txoj haujlwm yog qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov kev tsim kho ntawm kev ua yeeb yam sab nraud, ntawm qhov cuam tshuam, qhov chaw ntawm kev luag yog qhov tsis meej pem lossis tsis meej pem thiab cov xwm txheej. Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tej hauj lwm no yog "The Comedy of Errors" los ntawm W. Shakespeare thiab "The Marriage of Figaro" los ntawm P. Beaumarchais.

Ib txoj haujlwm ua yeeb yam uas ua yeeb yam lom zem lossis qee tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, qhov tsis zoo, kev ua phem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lom zem tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Classical piv txwv ntawm xws li kev ua si yog "Tartuffe" los ntawm J.-B. Moliere, "Lub Taming ntawm Shrew" los ntawm W. Shakespeare.

Piv txwv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv cov ntawv nyeem

hom ntawv no muaj nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm belles-lettres los ntawm Antiquity mus rau tam sim no. Lavxias teb sab comedy tau txais kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, cov no yog classic tej hauj lwm tsim los ntawm D. I. Fonvizin ("Undergrowth", "Brigadier"), A. S. Griboedov ("Woe los ntawm Wit"), N. V. Gogol ("Players", "Inspector", "Kev sib yuav"). Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias A. N. Ostrovsky thiab A. P. Chekhov hu ua comedy.

Lub xyoo pua xeem yog cim los ntawm classic comedy plays tsim los ntawm V. V. Mayakovsky, - "Bedbug" thiab "Bath". Lawv hu taupiv txwv ntawm kev hais lus zoo.

V. Shkvarkin yog ib tug neeg tuaj ua yeeb yam nrov heev hauv 1920s-1930s. Nws cov yeeb yam "Hamful Element", "Alien Child" tau txaus siab ua yeeb yam hauv ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam.

Ntau tus neeg sau dab neeg los ntawm Soviet sau tau raug ua yeeb yaj kiab. Yog li, raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm V. Rozov "Nyob Hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb", ib zaj duab xis hu ua "A Noisy Day" tau tsim.

Zaj lus

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam raws li typology ntawm zaj dab neeg kuj nthuav dav heev. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias kev ua yeeb yam hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog ntau hom kev ua yeeb yam.

Yog li, cov cim hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm hom no:

• tsev neeg comedy. Ua piv txwv, Moliere's "Georges Dandin", "Kev Sib Yuav" los ntawm N. V. Gogol;
• romantic (P. Calderon "Nws tus kheej hauv kev saib xyuas", A. Arbuzov "Kub-fashioned comedy");
• heroic (E. Rostand "Cyrano de Bergerac", G. Gorin "Til");
• fabulously symbolic, xws li "Twelfth Night" los ntawm W. Shakespeare los yog "Shadow" los ntawm E. Schwartz.

Txhua lub sijhawm, kev mloog ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tau kos rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, nws qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim. Luag raug hu los tawm tsam lawv, zoo siab lossis tsis muaj kev hlub tshua nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej.