Zaha Hadid: architecture. Biography thiab koj tus kheej lub neej ntawm Zaha Hadid

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tseem muaj ntau tus kws kos duab hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, tab sis tsuas yog qee tus ntawm lawv tau zoo heev. Ib tus kws tshaj lij tshaj plaws hauv daim teb no yog Zaha Hadid. Biography ntawm tus poj niam no yog tag nrog kiv taub hau theem hauv lub neej. Cov phiaj xwm loj, cov yam ntxwv zoo, muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm koj tus kheej thiab koj txoj haujlwm - qhov no yog txhua yam uas ua rau Zaha Hadid.

Zaha Hadid yog leej twg?

Cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kos duab zoo tshaj plaws tau txuas nrog Baghdad. Ntawm no, xyoo 1950, nws tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg muaj nyiaj muaj txiaj ntsig hauv chav kawm bourgeois. Nws txiv lub npe yog Muhammad al Hajj Hussein thiab nws niam yog Wajiha al Sabunji. Zaha tau txais nws thawj txoj kev kawm hauv American University, nyob hauv Beirut, hauv chav kawm lej. Tom qab ntawd nws siv tsib xyoos kawm ntawm London Association of Architects. Tom qab tau txais qhov kev kawm no, nws pib ua haujlwm hauv ib lub chaw ua vaj tse uas yog nws tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tus cob qhia Rem Koolhaas. Tau txais txhua qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev txawj ntse los ntawm Dutch zooTus kws kes duab vajtse Zaha txiav txim siab los tsim nws tus kheej lub tuam txhab, Zaha Hadid Architects.

Txawm yog ib tug tub hluas, nws nto moo rau nws txoj kev xav tsis kawg. Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tus kws kos duab me Zaha Hadid tau ua ntau yam haujlwm ntawm kev txiav txim lossis ntawm nws tus kheej nyiam. Ntawm nws cov lus pom zoo yog tej yaam num xws li ib tug choj nyob rau hauv lub Thames los yog ib tug inverted skyscraper nyob rau hauv Leicester. Lub architecture ntawm Zaha Hadid yeej ib txwm txawv los ntawm ib tug tej yam originality. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog qhov project ntawm lub club, qhov chaw uas yuav tsum yog lub roob siab. Tom qab ntawd cov haujlwm ntawm Zaha Hadid tau txais ntau yam khoom plig vaj tsev, tab sis tsis nrhiav txoj hauv kev los siv. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom los lees txais qhov tsis yog tus qauv, tshiab, tshiab project. Tab sis tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm Zaha Hadid yog thawj.

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, Zaha tau suav tias yog tus kws kos duab tiag tiag. Tom qab kev lees paub, cov haujlwm nthuav dav pib tuaj rau nws. Thawj yog lub tsev ntawm Zaha Hadid rau Vitra rooj tog tuam txhab. Nrog lawv, nws tsim ib lub foob pob hluav taws zoo li lub tuam tsev tua hluav taws. Tom qab ntawd ntau thiab ntau txoj haujlwm tau pib muab rau nws, thiab vim li ntawd, cov tuam tsev los ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev tam sim no nyob hauv ntau lub nroog.

Zhaha Hadid tus kheej lub neej, txawm tias tsis yog tag nrho nws txoj kev vam meej thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tuaj yeem ua tsis tau. Nws yeej paub nws tus kheej ua ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, tab sis ua tsis tiav nws tus kheej ua ib tug poj niam.

Txhob Cia Siab Tuag

Lub Peb Hlis 31, 2016, Zaha Hadid, tus kws tsim vaj tsev loj tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm, tuag lawm. Ua rau tuag ntawm ib tug zoo thiab txawj ntsepoj niam tseem ceeb heev thiab feem ntau ntsib. 65-xyoo-laus Zakha raug tua los ntawm lub plawv nres. Nws tshwm sim rau nws hauv Miami. Nws ya tuaj ntawm no tsuas yog kho nws tus mob bronchitis. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib qho instant, ib tug ci ntsa iab, qub thiab zoo siab heev tus neeg tau ploj mus. Hmoov tsis zoo, Zaha Hadid tsis muaj menyuam, yog li tom qab nws tuag, tsuas yog ua haujlwm thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb rau tus poj niam no.

Ntuj tsim txiaj

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Zaha Hadid txaus siab rau cov pej xeem thiab cov neeg siv khoom tom qab lub ntiaj teb tau paub txog kev tsim zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Frank Gehry - Guggenheim Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas tau tsim tsa hauv Bilbao. Zaha Hadid's architecture tau txais ntau qhov kev thov tom qab nws tau koom nrog kev tsim kho Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art. Nws cov tswv yim architectural yeej ib txwm muaj teeb meem nrog feem ntau lees txais canons. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm, Zaha Hadid sim mus dhau thiab muab qhov chaw rau lub zog tshiab impetus. Yog li, hauv nws cov haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem taug qab qhov kev xav tsis meej, uas pab txheeb xyuas cov ces kaum ntse thiab curvature.

Tus poj niam kws kes duab vajtse Zaha Hadid tau ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv loj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nws architectural txuj ci, nws kuj muaj ib tug txawv tshaj plaw lub peev xwm los tsim installation, theatrical scenery, interiors, paintings thiab txawm khau. Ua haujlwm me me, Zaha honed cov ntawv tshiab. Zaha Hadid's architecture adorns ntau lub nroog, thiab nws cov haujlwm me me tau khaws cia hauv tsev cia puav pheej xws li MoMa, German Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tsim cov duab thiab cov khoom tshiab, Zaha kuj zoo siab los qhia nws txoj kev paub. Nws yogfeem ntau tuav cov chav kawm master thiab qhuab qhia hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Zaha Hadid - ntau cov rooj tog zaum. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov rooj tog zaum tsim los ntawm Zaha yog Chandler Vortex teeb thiab Crystal armchair. Cov phiaj xwm muaj tswv yim tshwj xeeb coj Zaha mus rau thawj qhov kev tsim yeeb yam hauv Miami, qhov chaw nws tau txais lub npe ntawm "Tus Tsim Qauv ntawm Xyoo".

Zakha's imprint hauv Russia

Zaha tau mus xyuas Russia ntau dua ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, ntsib lub architecture ntawm Zaha Hadid tau ua heev yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv 2004 nws tau raug caw mus rau lub Hermitage Theatre, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais lub Pitzker nqi zog. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Zaha Hadid muab ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm Central House of Architects. Ib xyoo tom qab, nws rov qab mus rau Russia nrog ib tug tswv chav kawm ntawv, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub ARCH-Moscow exhibition. Tib lub xyoo coj Zakha ib qhov project hauv Moscow. Lub tuam txhab "Capital Group" muab cov kws tsim qauv tshwj xeeb los tsim lub tsev nyob "Picturesque Tower". Qhov no yog li cas thawj lub tsev ntawm Zaha Hadid tshwm nyob rau hauv Moscow. Qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub tsev no: Moscow, st. Duab zoo nkauj. Xya xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv 2012, Zaha Hadid tau tsim Vladislav Doronin lub futuristic tsev loj ntawm Rublevo-Uspenskoye Txoj Kev Loj.

Nyob rau xyoo 2015, lub chaw lag luam tshiab "Peresvet-Plaza" tau tsim tsa hauv Moscow, tus kws kos duab uas yog Zaha Hadid. Moscow, Sharikopodshipnikovskaya txoj kev, 5 - qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub tsev tshiab ntawm tus zoo architect nyob rau hauv Russia. Lub tsev yog ua nyob rau hauv avant-garde style, thiab thaum xub thawj siab ib muag nws zoo nkaus li tias qhov no yog ib coces yog ib qho chaw uas nqis saum ntuj los rau ntiaj teb.

Lub tsev legendary ntawm Zaha Hadid

Txhua lub tsev tsim los ntawm Zaki Hadid dhau los ua lus dab neeg. Koj tuaj yeem nqa ib qho ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv tuaj yeem raug hu ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrog kev ntseeg siab. Ntawm cov haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Zaha Hadid:

1. Lub Tuam Tsev Beijing yog ib qho khoom tawm tsam tsis yog hauv nws qhov teev, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv nws txoj kev tshiab. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, cov neeg tsim tau tig mus rau cov thev naus laus zis uas txo cov nqi hluav taws xob siv thiab txo qis kev tso pa tawm ntawm cov pa phem.
2. Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art in America - Zaha Hadid yeej Pritzker nqi zog rau qhov project.
3. Innsbruck ski dhia.
4. BMW Lub Hauv Paus hauv Leipzig yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rov xav txog cov haujlwm ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj.
5. National Museum of Art of the Nees nkaum-thawj-xyoo pua hauv Rome.
6. London Watersports Center, tsim rau 2012 Olympics.
7. Lub Chaw Heyder Aliyev hauv Baku tau tsim tsa rau kev hwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm thib peb ntawm Azerbaijan.
8. Lub tsev futuristic ntawm Rublyovka hauv Moscow yog Vladislav Doronin lub teb chaws lub tsev, pom kev nco txog lub dav hlau.
9. Lub Tuam Txhab Nyiaj Txiag Hauv Tebchaws Iraq yog lub tsev tseem ceeb heev rau Zaha, zoo li nws tau tsim hauv nws lub tebchaws. Hmoov tsis zoo, thaum lub sijhawm kev tsim kho tiav, tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj tsis muaj sia nyob lawm.
10. Polytechnic University of Hong Kong - thaum koj saib nws, tus legendary Titanic tam sim ntawd los rau hauv siab.

Cov no tsuas yog qee qhov haujlwm zoo nkauj ntawm Zaha Hadid. Tsis tshua muaj kev tshoov siab thiabNws cov phiaj xwm loj heev yog cov tsev ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Thauj Khoom hauv Glasgow, Mining Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Ltalis, khw thiab chaw lom zem hauv Beijing, thiab lwm yam. Ntau qhov kev npau taws heev los ntawm Zaha Hadit tau piav qhia hauv qab no.

Galaxy SOHO (Beijing)

Lub tsev loj heev nyob ntawm thaj av ntawm 47 txhiab square meters. Kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom vaj tsev no tau siv sijhawm li 30 lub hlis txij xyoo 2009 txog xyoo 2012. Lub tsev no yog thawj lub tsev tsim hauv Suav teb tsim los ntawm Zaha Hadid. Cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias SOHO yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsim ntawm Hadid nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Asia. Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm lub koom haum architectural Zaha Hadid, lub tsev no tau ua tsis muaj qhov ntse ntse. Raws li rau lub npe, nws yog Ameslikas hu ua "tsis muaj fab". Patrick Schumacher, ib tug npoj yaig ntawm Zaha's, txiav txim siab tias qhov no yog ib lub npe ntxhib heev rau lub tswv yim thiab tau hais kom hloov nws lub npe "panoramic architecture".

cheeb tsam ntawm lub complex yog 330 txhiab square meters. Nws muaj tsib yam khoom peb-dimensional. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj qhov sib npaug thiab ncav cuag qhov siab txog li 67 meters. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej, txhua lub ntsiab lus txuas nrog ntau theem platforms ntawm cov plag tsev thiab cov qhov tunnels. Vim lub rounding ntawm lub interfloor ceilings, lub complex visually ua zoo li ib tug dynamically tsiv khoom. Lub tsev muaj ib qho kev ua vaj tse ntxiv. Qhov siab ntawm chaw ua haujlwm ceilings ncav cuag peb thiab ib nrab meters. Hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev, qab nthab nce mus rau qhov siab tshaj li tsib meters. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub complex muaj 18 plag tsev, peb ntawm uas yog underground. Muaj ib lub tsheb nres rau ntawm lub tsev.1250 lub tsheb.

Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center

Lub tsev no tawm tsam hauv nws qhov ntsuas. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm thaj chaw nyob ntawm nws tshaj 111 txhiab square meters. Nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab lis kev cai chaw muaj xws li ib tug tseem ceeb thaj chaw xws li ib tug tsev cia puav pheej, lub rooj sib tham chav, lub tsev qiv ntawv. Kuj tseem muaj thaj chaw tshwj xeeb rau ntau yam xwm txheej. Pob tshab iav phab ntsa yeej lub tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis tsuas yog sab nrauv phab ntsa, tab sis kuj sab hauv. Qhov no tso cai rau koj txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thiab siv lub teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws. Zoo li yuav luag txhua qhov haujlwm los ntawm Zaha Hadid, lub tsev tsim qauv ntawm Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center muaj cov kab sib npaug. Lub tsev no sib haum xeeb sib xyaw ua ke zoo li nthwv dej zoo li lub siab xav mus rau saum ntuj thiab txoj hauv kev zoo rau lub ntiaj teb. Lub tswv yim ntawm qhov project no tsis tau xaiv los ntawm lub sijhawm. Raws li tus sau lub tswv yim, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub chaw yuav tsum embody infinity thiab ntev. Cov xim ntawm lub tsev yog dawb, uas yog lub cim ntawm lub ci ntsa iab yav tom ntej.

CMA CGM Ntauwd (Marseille, Fabkis)

Nyob rau xyoo 2011, tus kws kos duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Arab keeb kwm ua tiav kev tsim kho lub tsev zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws muaj 37 pem teb tag nrho. Tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub tsev yog 147 meters. Nws qhov chaw nyob yog thaj chaw lag luam ib mais ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm Marseille. Ntawm no, lub skyscraper no yog lub tsev siab tshaj plaws. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev no yog lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam txhab hauv zos CMA CGM. Lub tsev hauv paus muaj qhov chaw zoo heevtxheeb ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, los ntawm nws mus rau lub tsev tsuas muaj ib puas meters. Zaha Hadid lub koom haum architectural yeej muaj cai los tsim ib qhov project rau lub tsev no los ntawm kev yeej ib qho kev sib tw tshwj xeeb hauv xyoo 2004. Kev tsim kho tau pib hauv tib lub xyoo. Xya xyoo tom qab, nws twb tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Hais txog nws lub peev xwm, lub tsev tuaj yeem yooj yim haum 2,700 tus neeg. Raws li qhov project, qhov chaw nres tsheb rau 700 lub tsheb thiab 200 maus taus tau tsim nyob ze ntawm lub skyscraper. Cov qhua tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas lub tsev noj mov, tsim rau 800 tus neeg, lossis lub gym. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cheeb tsam, lub tsev occupies kwv yees li 94 txhiab square meters. Hais txog nws qhov tseem ceeb, skyscraper tau suav nrog TOP-10 skyscrapers xyoo 2011.

One Thousand Museum Tower (Miami, USA)

Lub rau caum-zaj dab neeg skyscraper tsim los ntawm Zaha Hadid nyob hauv plawv nroog Miami, ntawm Biscay Boulevard. Lub tsev suav nrog 83 chav tsev khoom kim heev. Qhov chaw ntawm txhua chav tsev sib txawv, nrog rau lawv cov nqi. Tus nqi yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm ib qhov chaw yog $ 5 lab. Qhov siab tshaj plaws mus txog kaum tsib lab. Raws li Zaha Hadid, lub tsev no yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub skyline ntawm lub nroog. Raws li ib feem ntawm qhov project, tus kws kes duab vajtse tau npaj ua lub podium ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, los ntawm cov pej thuam yuav kab. Nyob rau hauv nws cov duab, tus pej thuam yuav txawv ntawm cov neeg sawv ntawm ib sab ntawm nws nrog nws cov qauv tsis yog qauv. Nws zoo li yog braided los ntawm sab nraud nrog lub pob zeb ua ke. Yog li ntawd, sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev yuav zoo li tsob ntoo, entwined nrog ceg. Balconies thiab loggiascov tsev zoo li tau muab faus rau hauv cov dav hlau dav dav ntawm lub façade. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub podium yog tsim kom muaj ntau lub hom phiaj pej xeem. Muaj khw, xinesmas, ib lub gym. Perforated hlau panels nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm lub tsev. Lawv muab lub podium ua futuristic style.

21st Century Museum (Rome)

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej National ntawm Art, tsim los ntawm Zaha Hadid, tau dhau los ua cov khoom sib txawv ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev no, nws tau txiav txim siab coj lub complex ntawm Montello barracks nyob. Nws yog lub cim zoo heev rau Rome tias cov khoom siv kab lis kev cai tshiab tau ua rau saum lub tsev qub. Qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej xyoo pua 21st no yog 21,000 square meters. Visually, nws zoo ib yam li volcanic lava ntws khov mus ib txhis. Cov nyhuv no yog tsim los ntawm volumetric pob zeb ua vaj tse hla mus rau ib leeg. Cov iav nto ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom kab lis kev cai no. Yuav luag tag nrho thawj pem teb, nrog rau lub ru tsev, yog ua los ntawm cov iav pob tshab. Yog li, tag nrho cov kev coj noj coj ua tseem ceeb khaws cia hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv nruab hnub nrig. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev muaj ib tug atrium, assembled los ntawm ob tiers. Nws txuas tag nrho cov chav ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej rau ib leeg. Kev hloov pauv thiab asthenic qhib sab hauv lub tsev yog zoo li cov ribbons dub braiding cov daus-dawb pob zeb phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv xyoo 2010 tau txais khoom plig Stirling hauv UK. Yog li, nrog rau ib qho kev txav ntawm nws txhais tes, Zaha Hadid tig ib lub barracks yooj yim mus rau hauv ib qho cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws.

Capital Hill Residence(Moscow)

Vladislav Doronin yeej tsis skimped ntawm kev tsim nws tus kheej kev nplij siab. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau nws lub tsev. Yog li, nyob rau hauv 2015, Zaha Hadid tsim ib qhov project rau nws futuristic tsev loj, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub oligarch ntawm Rublevo-Uspenskoye Highway. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub tsev trendy thiab super-tsis txawv txav yog ob thiab ib nrab txhiab square meters. Eco-style tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm Zaha Hadid lub tswvyim. Thaum tsim Doronin lub tsev, nws tau sim ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej niaj hnub nrog cov yam ntxwv ntuj. Thaum koj saib lub tsev loj no, koj tam sim ntawd tau hnov tias lub nkoj tau tuaj txog ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb thiab nyob hauv Barvikha. Cov chav hauv lub tsev tau faib ntau tshaj plaub theem. Hauv qab no muaj chav nyob, chav ua si, sauna, da dej, hammam thiab chav zaws. Tom ntej no yog qhov chaw tos txais qhua, chav ua noj nrog thaj chaw noj mov thiab pas dej da dej. Nyob rau hauv pem teb saum toj no muaj ib lub tsev qiv ntawv, chaw zov me nyuam, chav nyob thiab ib lub tsev loj. Hauv pem teb zaum kawg suav nrog cov chav tswv thiab terrace luxurious.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev tsim cov tsev ntiag tug tsis suav nrog hauv kev tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm Zaha Hadid. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, rau txoj haujlwm no nws tau txais tus nqi nrog rau xoom. Yog li ntawd, lub koom haum ua lag luam ntawm Zaha Hadid thiab Vladislav Doronin tau qhia rau lub ntiaj teb ib txoj haujlwm zoo nkauj thiab lub tsev ntiag tug hauv ntiaj teb. Tib yam uas tseem tsis nkag siab rau ntau tus neeg yog leej twg yuav nyob ntawd. Nws ntseeg tau tias lub tsev no, zoo li ntau lwm tus, tus neeg nplua nuj nyob hauv Moscow yuav muab khoom plig rau nws tus hlub Naomi Campbell.