Zaj Lus Qhia: "Rau Volga", Nekrasov. Analysis ntawm paj huam
Zaj Lus Qhia: "Rau Volga", Nekrasov. Analysis ntawm paj huam

Video: Zaj Lus Qhia: "Rau Volga", Nekrasov. Analysis ntawm paj huam

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Nws tau yuav luag ib puas xyoo thiab ib nrab txij li thaum cov nkoj nrog cov khoom thauj tau rub tawm los ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm tus dej loj Lavxias. Lawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Repin lub ci ntsa iab painting thiab nyob rau hauv Nekrasov paj huam. Ua tsaug rau cov duab kos duab no, lawv cov duab tau sau rau hauv tib neeg lub cim xeeb mus ib txhis.

School ntawv nyeem: Nekrasov, "Nyob rau Volga"

Ib lub cim ntawm kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yog muab tso rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau cia rau kev kawm raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Cov hauj lwm ntawm tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov paub rau peb los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Nws tau ntev tau pom tias yog ib yam dab tsi uas paub thiab pom nws tus kheej. Tab sis rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, Nekrasov cov paj huam yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Tus kws sau paj lug tau pom los ntawm Lavxias haiv neeg raws li ib tug yaj saub, ib tug fighter rau txoj cai ntawm kev tsim txom. Qhov tseeb, nws yog ib hom neeg lub tribune. Thiab Nekrasov tau tsim cov paj huam "Nyob rau hauv Volga" raws li ib tug ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Wb sim rov nyeem dua. Cov classics yog cov yam ntxwv zoo heev uas qee zaum nws tuaj yeem rov nyeem dua. Vim tias txhua yam paub txog nws, kev txaus siab nyeem ntawv tsis ploj mus. Nws cov duab tsis ploj nrog lub sijhawm.

ntawm Volganekrasov
ntawm Volganekrasov

Lub hauv paus ntawm kev muaj tswv yim

Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm tus kws sau paj huam ua haujlwm nyiam hu ua haujlwm no ua paj huam. Thiab muaj qee qhov laj thawj rau qhov no, yog tias peb tsom qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm raug cai. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm semantic cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub paj huam "Nyob rau hauv lub Volga" Nekrasov swung ntawm loj heev philosophical generalizations. Cov duab nws tsim ua rau cov neeg nyeem xav txog tib neeg kev txom nyem ntawm txoj kev mus rau yav tom ntej. "Hais txog tus nqi ntawm kev nce qib", raws li nws tau dhau los ua kev cai qhia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Tab sis txawm hais tias koj tsis delve rau hauv xws li abstract philosophical lub tswv yim, ces txoj hauj lwm no tseem tsis yooj yim to taub li nws yuav zoo li ntawm ib tug superficial glance. Sab nraum lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nkag siab qhov no ua hauj lwm ntawm nws. Cov nqe lus "Nyob rau hauv lub Volga" Nekrasov tsim nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug taug kev raws tus dej no. Yuav luag zoo li tus kws kos duab tau piav qhia los ntawm lub neej. Thiab txhua tus kws kos duab ib txwm yuav tsum tau mus dhau txoj hauv kev no - los ntawm cov kev xav pom hauv lub neej mus rau kev nkag siab tob thiab dav dav ntawm qhov nws pom. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi xav tsis thoob nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm kev pab cuam "Nyob rau hauv lub Volga" tus kws sau paj lug tig mus rau cov duab imprinted nyob rau hauv nws lub siab raws li ib tug me nyuam. Qhov dej no nws tus kheej, ntawm chav kawm, personifies Lavxias teb sab lub zog thiab lub zog. Tab sis tsis muaj tsawg li yog kev tsim txom thiab kev cia siab ntawm kev muaj nyob.

Nekrasov nyob rau hauv lub volga paj huam
Nekrasov nyob rau hauv lub volga paj huam

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov los ntawm ib tug neeg nplua nuj, tab sis thaum nws yug los, ib tug neeg txom nyem, tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Nws thaum yaucoj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tsev neeg qub txeeg qub tes nyob rau hauv lub Yaroslavl xeev. Lub luag hauj lwm txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm ib tug neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug, yog ua si los ntawm ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv uas tsim ntawm nws tus cwj pwm tshwm sim. Thiab tus kws sau paj lug thaum yau dhau mus nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw deb ntawm idyllic. Ib tsev neeg loj teetering nyob rau hauv lub brink ntawm kev txom nyem, ib tug wayward thiab despotic txiv, mus nrog nws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Volga cheeb tsam thiab pom kev txom cov neeg txom nyem nyob rau hauv txoj kev - cov no yog cov tiag tiag impressions ntawm thaum yau. Lawv muaj teeb meem heev. Tab sis tus kws sau paj huam thaum yau dhau los ntawm Volga. Thiab qhov no tau txiav txim siab nws txoj haujlwm tom ntej.

paj huam ntawm Volga Nekrasov
paj huam ntawm Volga Nekrasov

Youth of the poet

Ua ntej nws kawm tiav ntawm lub gymnasium, Nikolai Nekrasov zoo siab tau khiav mus rau St. Petersburg los ntawm nws txiv txoj kev saib xyuas obsessive. Thaum kawm txog nws tus tub tsis kam mus ua tub rog, tom kawg tau txiav kev sib raug zoo nrog nws thiab tsis kam txais kev txhawb nqa nyiaj txiag tsawg. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum ua nws txoj hauv kev hauv lub neej ntawm nws tus kheej. Ntev xyoo ntawm kev tawm tsam rau lub neej thaum kawg ua rau nws zoo li ib tug neeg. Tab sis tus kws sau paj lug thaum yau dhau ntawm Volga. Nekrasov rov qab muaj dua. Tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv paj huam thiab poetic duab. Tus kws sau paj lug tau mus ncig ntau lub tebchaws thiab xav txog qhov xwm txheej uas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb Lavxias nyob. Txoj kev xav seb puas muaj peev xwm hloov tau nws txoj hmoo tau txiav txim siab xaiv txoj kev ua neej nyob tau ntau xyoo.

Phau ntawv Lesson Nekrasov ntawm Volga
Phau ntawv Lesson Nekrasov ntawm Volga

Kev sau ntawv

Nikolai Nekrasov tau dhau los ua kev vam meej. Thiab nws ua tiav txhua yam nrog nws txoj haujlwm. Kev txawj nyeem ntawv maj mam ualub lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv paj huam yog txoj hmoo ntawm serfs, lub neej thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg pluag inhabitants ntawm Russia. Cov ntsiab lus no tau paub zoo thiab nyob ze rau tus kws sau paj huam txij thaum yau, uas Nekrasov siv rau Volga. Cov paj huam, nyob rau hauv uas peb tab tom tham txog burlatskaya artel, yog ob qho tib si rov qab mus rau qhov kev xav tau ntsib thaum yau thiab kev nkag siab ntawm qhov nws tau pom los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev muaj tswv yim loj hlob. Nekrasov txoj kev sau ntawv tau zoo sib xws nrog cov ntawv tshaj tawm xws li phau ntawv xov xwm Domestic Notes, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog Sovremennik, tsim los ntawm Pushkin. Nws kuj tseem ua haujlwm hauv phau ntawv tshaj tawm. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau undoubted poetic txuj ci, Nikolai Nekrasov kuj muaj peev xwm ntawm ib tug ua lag luam. Nws tswj tau tawm ntawm kev txom nyem sai sai.

Nekras zaj lus qhia ntawm Volga
Nekras zaj lus qhia ntawm Volga

People's Tribune

Nrog tag nrho cov kev koom tes ntawm Nekrasov nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej thiab kev kawm kev ua ub no, nws lub ntsiab lag luam yog paj huam. Tus kws sau paj huam Nikolai Nekrasov tau paub dav hauv Russia. Nws lub suab npau taws thiab npau taws. Nekrasov cov paj huam tau nyeem nyob rau hauv ntau yam strata ntawm Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg: los ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws lub tsev hais plaub aristocracy rau cov neeg uas nyuam qhuav kawm nyeem ntawv. Cov kab ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tau dav hais thiab diverged nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm aphorisms. Nekrasov pheej hnov qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab zej zog rau nws txoj haujlwm, thiab yog li ntawd nws sim tsis txhob poob siab rau kev nyeem ntawv pej xeem.

Lub tswv yim ntawm zaj paj huam ntawm Volga Nekrasov
Lub tswv yim ntawm zaj paj huam ntawm Volga Nekrasov

Nikolai Nekrasov, "Nyob rau hauv Volga" - paj huam txog pej xeemhmoo

Txoj haujlwm voluminous no yog suav tias yog feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ua haujlwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws nyob deb heev ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm ncaj qha txog kev nom kev tswv. Txoj kev npaj sau paj huam "Nyob rau hauv Volga" los ntawm Nekrasov yog tsim heev nyuaj, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog tsis muaj contradictions. Lub logic ntawm cov lus piav qhia yog tsom rau kev nthuav tawm lub ntsiab lus. Zaj dab neeg yog txhob txwm ua nyuaj thiab ua rau sawv cev ntawm ib tus phab ej uas, thaum nws tseem hluas, nyob ntawm tus dej loj Lavxias teb sab thiab zoo siab rov qab mus rau nws cov ntug dej dua. Xws li cov txheej txheem sau cia tso cai rau tus sau kom deb ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm kev hais ncaj qha ntawm nws tus cwj pwm. Tab sis qhov no yog dab tsi? Puas yog nws tsuas yog hais txog dab tsi Nekrasov pom ntawm Volga? Kev tsom xam ntawm tag nrho cov hauj lwm uas nws kim heev ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tso cai rau peb txiav txim siab tias nws tsis zoo li tau hais ib yam dab tsi tshiab hauv zaj paj huam no. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv tus quab ntawm lub neej nyuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Nyob rau hauv lub Volga" Nekrasov tswj kom nce mus rau lub sib sib zog nqus philosophical generalizations. Tus kws sau paj huam xav txog ntawm no txog txoj hmoo yav tom ntej ntawm nws Niam Txiv. Cov neeg raug tsim txom puas yuav rhuav tshem kev txom nyem mus rau yav tom ntej zoo dua? Los yog tsuas muaj kev cia siab tom ntej?

Nekrasov ntawm Volga tsom xam
Nekrasov ntawm Volga tsom xam

Kev nce qib ntawm kev sib raug zoo

Cov tswv yim thiab cov duab ntawm Nekrasov cov paj huam tsis tsuas yog hnov thiab lees txais los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Nws txoj kev npau taws tshaj tawm ua rau pej xeem xav thiab yuam kom lawv nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txhim kho qhov kev txiav txim uas twb muaj lawm. Tag nrho cov yav tom ntej revolutionaries raug coj los rau ntawm no paj huam. Ntau ntawm lawvperceived nws yog ib tug qhia rau kev ua, rau lawv nws yog ib yam ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv zaj lus qhia thaum pib ntawm lawv lub neej. Nekrasov ntawm Volga tsis tuaj yeem pom ntau, tab sis xav tias intuitively hnov cov neeg lub zog, uas muaj ib hnub yuav tsum tsis mloog lus rub lub pluaj muab rau nws los ntawm txoj hmoo. Thiab thaum poob nws, nws yuav xaiv ib lub club haum rau ntawm ntug dej thiab mus tsoo ob lub nkoj nrog cov khoom thiab nws cov tswv. Rau qhov no tshwm sim muaj ib hnub, tag nrho tiam neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab revolutionaries tau npaj mus ua hauj lwm nyuaj thiab mus rau scaffold. Lawv tau txais kev tshoov siab los siv rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov neeg los ntawm cov paj huam Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. Txawm tias Bolsheviks, uas tau los ua hwj chim ib nrab xyoo tom qab tus kws sau paj huam tuag, suav hais tias lawv tus kheej yog nws cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Lawv kuj tau nyeem cov paj huam "Nyob rau hauv Volga" nyob rau hauv lawv cov hluas thiab muaj peev xwm imbue nws lub zog kom zoo.

Nekrasov Literary School

Tab sis tus kws sau paj huam tseg nws lub cim tsis yog hauv pej xeem lub neej xwb. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, lub hav zoov ntawm xws li ib tug tshwm sim raws li "Nekrasov tsev kawm ntawv" yog sau tseg. Cov no yog cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov kws sau ntawv uas txuas ntxiv thiab tsim cov ntsiab lus thiab cov duab thawj zaug pom hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Nikolai Nekrasov. Cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Nekrasov feem ntau tsom lawv cov xim rau cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo. Abstract aesthetic thiab philosophical theories nyob lawv mus rau qhov tsawg heev. Lawv feem ntau tsis quav ntsej txog kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev nyiam ua pej xeem. Qhov kev sau ntawv no tau ua rau muaj kev sib cav tsis tu ncua nrog rau qhov rov qab zoo nkauj camp, uas tau tshaj tawm "kev kos duab rau kev kos duab" thiab tsis lees paub.social tseem ceeb ntawm poetic kev tshoov siab. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug confrontation, Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv tsim. Cov kab ntawm Nekrasov poetic tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem pom txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau paj huam kom deb li deb ntawm nws li Alexander Blok thiab Andrei Bely.

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