Edmund Spenser, kws sau paj lug Askiv ntawm Elizabethan era: biography thiab creativity
Edmund Spenser, kws sau paj lug Askiv ntawm Elizabethan era: biography thiab creativity

Video: Edmund Spenser, kws sau paj lug Askiv ntawm Elizabethan era: biography thiab creativity

Video: Edmund Spenser, kws sau paj lug Askiv ntawm Elizabethan era: biography thiab creativity
Video: Edmund Spenser Best Quotes For Life Changing + Motivation💕 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Leej twg tsis paub William Shakespeare! Nws yog hu ua huab tais ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Askiv, tab sis lub sijhawm no, ob peb tus neeg paub tias nws muaj ib tug phooj ywg laus, ib tug kws qhia ntawv, uas kuj tsis yog me ntsis rau cov ntaub ntawv Askiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog paj huam. Peb tab tom tham txog Edmund Spenser, thiab cov ntaub ntawv no tau mob siab rau nws phau ntawv keeb kwm thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Initial information

Yog Edmund Spenser, tus kws sau paj huam Elizabethan, yog ib tug neeg laus kawm ntawm Shakespeare, koj tuaj yeem xav txog tias nws nyob ntev npaum li cas!

Poj huab tais Elizabeth
Poj huab tais Elizabeth

Ntawm no, tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas xav tsis thoob qhov tseeb tias hnub yug ntawm "tus kws sau paj huam" - thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov uas tus kws sau txuj ci no tau hu ua thaum nws lub neej - tsis paub meej.. Muaj cov lus qhia tias qhov kev zoo siab no tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1552 lossis xyoo 1553. Tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv London, hauv tsev neeg txom nyem, uas, txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm tsev neeg qub (tsev neeg no tuaj hauv lub nroog me me ntawm Burnley, hauv Lancashire). Tsis yogcov ntaub ntawv tseeb thiab hais txog leej twg Edmund Spenser txiv yog los ntawm txoj haujlwm. Tej zaum nws tau ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntiav hauv Tailors Guild. Nws lub npe yog Yauhas, nws niam lub npe yog Elizabeth. Edmund paub tias muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tus viv ncaus thiab tsawg kawg ob peb kwv tij.

xyoo kawm ntawv

Nyob rau xyoo 1561, Guild of tailors, uas, pom tau tias, leej txiv ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yav tom ntej tau ua haujlwm, tsim nws lub tsev kawm ntawv - txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog rau cov menyuam tub lag luam xwb. Yim lossis cuaj-xyoo-laus Spencer Jr., txawm li cas los xij, tau tso npe rau hauv nws - tsis yog vim nws txiv nug nws? - thiab nrog rau lwm cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm pib gnaw ntawm granite ntawm science. Dab tsi tau qhia rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv Guild of tailors? Yog lawm, txhua yam, txawm li cas los xij, raws li lwm qhov: hom lus (yuav tsum Greek thiab Latin, Hebrew yog ib qho ntxiv - nws yog qhov txawv heev), kev sau ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv qub. Tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yog Richard Mulcaster, tus kws qhia paub zoo thiab tib neeg, uas tej zaum yog vim li cas cov tub hluas raug mob hnyav.

Edmund Spenser nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv kom txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum rau lossis kaum xya: nws kawm tiav hauv xyoo 1569, thiab lub sijhawm siv los ua kev zoo siab rau nws, raws li nws tau cim los ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. Nws nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv uas Spencer tau pib sau nws thawj zaj paj huam, thiab qee qhov ntawm nws qhov kev sim sau ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv los ntawm Jan van der Noodt, uas tau muab tso rau hauv tib lub npog raws li nws tus kheej tiv thaiv Catholic treatise.

University xyoo

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm 1569, lwm qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshwm sim rau Spencer: nws tau kawm hauv Pembroke Hall, Cambridge University. Tawm tsam nws lub xeemua ib qho kev ceeb toom - qhov no txhais tau tias nws txwv tsis pub nyiaj thiab pauv rau vaj tse thiab zaub mov nws yuav ua haujlwm ntau yam.

Nyob hauv Cambridge, yav tom ntej luminary ntawm lus Askiv paj huam txuas ntxiv mus, thiab kuj tau ntsib ntau tus neeg uas tom qab ntawd muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws (xws li, thiab tej zaum thawj qhov chaw ntawm lawv, Cambridge tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm rhetoric Gabriel Harvey, leej twg nteg Spencer lub nkoj, pab nws taug kev dej hiav txwv ntawm ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv). Hauv paus, Edmund kawm cov ntawv nyeem - txawm li cas los xij, lus Askiv ntau dua li lwm yam.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm nws nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, uas thaum kawg nws tau faib rau xyoo 1577, yog qhov tau txais los ntawm yav tom ntej genius ntawm lus Askiv, thawj zaug ntawm bachelor's degree (hauv 1573), thiab tom qab ntawd kawm tiav qib siab (peb xyoos tom qab).

Txoj kev mus tom ntej

Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv, peb tus phab ej ua haujlwm tau ib xyoos hauv Kent ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv rau Npis Sov ntawm Rochester, tab sis tom qab ntawd rov qab los. Txawm hais tias ua ntej nws tawm mus, Edmund tau ntsib Earl ntawm Leicester, Robert Dudley, tus nyiam ntawm poj huab tais Elizabeth, tus neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab nyob deb ntawm tus neeg kawg hauv tsev hais plaub. Tom qab nws rov qab los ntawm Kent, Spencer nkag mus rau nws qhov kev pabcuam.

Robert Dudley
Robert Dudley

Robert Dudley tau koom nrog cov neeg uas cuam tshuam rau Spencer thiab qhia nws txoj kev pab thiab kev txhawb nqa tas li. Thiab nws yog Dudley uas tsis ncaj qha rau Spencer kev paub nrog Philip Sidney, lwm tus kws sau ntawv Askiv, tus tsim ntawm Areopagus kev sau ntawv hauv zej zog, qhov twgtom qab tau txais thiab Spencer thiab nws lub hom phiaj yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ib tug neeg paub txog yav tom ntej, leej twg xav tsis yog hauv nws txoj kev xyaum xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav, Spencer yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias averse los qhia ib yam dab tsi tshiab rau hauv paj huam.

Hauv kev pabcuam ntawm Dudley Spencer nyob tsis pub tsawg dua ib xyoos, tom qab ntawd, dhau los ntawm nws tus kheej kev siv zog, nws tau raug xa mus ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv rau Lord Grey hauv tebchaws Ireland, uas muaj kev tsov rog tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov uas cov leprechauns pom thiab rov xav txog hauv lub tebchaws (xws li cov nom tswv feem ntau) yog tib txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug - "Saib xyuas lub xeev tam sim no ntawm Ireland." Cov haujlwm tau luam tawm ntau xyoo tom qab - tsuas yog xyoo 1633.

Lub teb chaws Ireland
Lub teb chaws Ireland

Nyob hauv tebchaws Ireland, Spencer nyob me ntsis tshaj kaum rau xyoo (nrog rau ib xyoo so ob peb zaug mus rau Askiv). Nyob ntawd nws tau los ua tus tswv av thawj zaug hauv nws lub neej - xyoo 1582 nws tau xauj av thiab tsev nyob hauv County Kildare. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los ua tus tswv loj thiab nkag mus rau lub voj voog ntawm cov nom tswv hauv zos, uas maj mam, feem ntau, nws ua tiav. Thaum lub sijhawm nws nyob hauv tebchaws Ireland, nws tau hloov txoj haujlwm thiab qhov chaw pabcuam ntau zaus, tau txais ntau yam kev sib cuag thiab cov neeg paub zoo. Piv txwv li, nws nyob hauv tebchaws Ireland uas nws tau ntsib W alter Raleigh, lwm tus nyiam Elizabethan, kws sau paj huam thiab kws sau ntawv, uas tau ua ntau yam los xyuas kom meej tias Spencer txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, Tus Faerie Queene, pom lub hnub ci (peb yuav rov qab los rau nws me ntsis tom qab).

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum rau, kev tawm tsam pib hauv tebchaws Ireland, cov vaj tse raug hlawv, cov feudal lords tau ncaim lawv lub tsev. Qhov no tsis tau hla Spencer tsev neeg -nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam raug hlawv, nws cov khoom raug plundered. Tsis ntev tom qab qhov xwm txheej no, ntawm kev ua lag luam, Spencer tau tawm mus rau London, qhov chaw nws tuag tam sim ntawd thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1599. Nws muaj 46-47 xyoo xwb.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Edmund Spenser tau sib yuav ob zaug. Nws tau sib yuav thawj zaug hauv 1579, los ntawm kev sib yuav no nws muaj ib tug ntxhais thiab ib tug tub. Thawj tus poj niam tuag ntxov, thiab xyoo 1594 tus kws sau paj huam tau sib yuav dua. Tus poj niam thib ob muab nws ib tug tub.

Thaum nws nyob hauv tsev hais plaub, Edmund twb tau sib yuav nrog poj niam luv luv. Nws tsis paub meej tias Spencer kuj muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov txiv neej - qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav tias lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Gabriel Harvey tsis yog phooj ywg xwb.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Edmund Spenser

Tau hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Askiv, tam sim no peb tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm kev hais txog nws txoj haujlwm. Thiab txawm hais tias nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tham kom meej txog txhua yam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, txawm li cas los xij peb yuav taw qhia qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Neeg yug yaj daim ntawv qhia hnub

Txoj hauj lwm no yog thawj txoj hauj lwm voluminous sau los ntawm Spencer thiab pom lub teeb ntawm hnub. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, Spencer tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau hom, nws tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb pab rau ntau hom thiab tso nws lub cim, txawm li cas los xij, zoo li ntau tus, nws pib nrog cov xibhwb (ib txoj haujlwm uas piav txog lub neej zoo ntawm cov neeg yug yaj thiab cov neeg yug yaj hauv lub bosom ntawm xwm). Ib yam li ntawd, “Yexus Phau Ntawv Teev Ntuj” hais txog cov xibhwb. Vim li cas daim ntawv qhia hnub? Yog, vim hais tias muaj kaum ob eclogues nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam (ib tug eclogue yog ib zaj paj huam hais txog ib tug yug yaj lub neej, feem ntau yog ib tug hlub paj huam), lub npe ntawm txhua tus.uas coincides nrog lub npe ntawm ib lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo.

Shepherd daim ntawv qhia hnub
Shepherd daim ntawv qhia hnub

Ntau tus cim ntawm "Tus Tswv Yug Yaj Daim Ntawv Teev Npe" muaj lawv cov qauv hauv lub neej tiag tiag. Yog li Edmund Spenser coj nws tus kheej tawm ntawm qhov ntawd ua Colin Clout. "Tus Tswv Yug Yaj Daim Ntawv Teev Npe" ua rau muaj kev teb zoo, muaj qee qhov kev vam meej, thiab nws tus kws sau ntawv, raws li lawv hais, sawv nto moo. Cov paj huam, uas tam sim no hu ua lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm British paj huam, coj ib tug zoo nyiaj tau los rau Spencer, nws pib txais tos nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub, qhov twg nws feem ntau mus rau lub tuam txhab ntawm Robert Dudley.

Fairy Queen

Kev xav ntev ua ntej ntawd, zaj paj huam epic, "Spencer lub neej txoj haujlwm", "Tus Poj huab tais Fairy" tsis tau luam tawm txog 1590. Xwb, tsuas yog thawj peb ntawm rau phau ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd - nws yog los ntawm ntau yam uas cov haujlwm muaj (nws kuj suav nrog ib feem, hu ua "Song of Variability"). Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev tso tawm ntau tshaj qhov txaus kom tam sim ntawd thiab koom siab lees paub Briton ua thawj ntawm cov kws sau paj huam.

Edmund Spencer Tus poj huab tais Fairy
Edmund Spencer Tus poj huab tais Fairy

Raws li Spencer nws tus kheej, lub tswv yim dav dav thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov paj huam no yog lub tswv yim los yaum txhua tus neeg muaj koob muaj npe - suav nrog poj huab tais Elizabeth - rau kev coj ncaj ncees, kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev tsim txiaj. Thaum tsim nws, Edmund tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv xws li Homer, Virgil thiab lwm tus.

spencer poj huab tais
spencer poj huab tais

"Fairy Queen" muaj rau qhov. Txhua yam ntawm lawv nthuav tawmzaj dab neeg ntawm lub neej ntawm ib co knight, ib co lus dab neeg hais. Nyob rau hauv txhua phau ntawv, ib tug los yog lwm tus knight, personifying qhov no los yog hais tias tsim nyog, yuav tsum sib ntaus sib tua nrog ib co lwm yam. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib tug ntawm cov knights yog King Arthur. Raws li nyob rau hauv The Shepherd's Calendar, tus phab ej ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab no muaj lub neej ua qauv. Yog li ntawd, tus kav ntawm fairies yog tus kav teb chaws Aas Kiv nws tus kheej.

Kev tsis txaus siab sau

No almanac, luam tawm xyoo 1591, suav nrog ntau yam haujlwm. Qhov no yog ib lub voj voog ntawm sonnets los ntawm Edmund Spenser, thiab kev txhais lus, thiab cuaj paj huam - "Lub Ruins ntawm Rome", piv txwv li, los yog "Tears of the Muses" - thiab txawm yog ib zaj dab neeg. Txhua yam motley no tau txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus - lawv txhua tus hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua thiab txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb thiab uas twb muaj lawm.

Kev pab txhawb rau cov ntawv Askiv

Edmund Spenser ua dab tsi rau cov paj huam Askiv uas tau muab nws txoj cai hu ua Poet of Poets? Zoo heev txhua yam. Piv txwv li:

  1. Nco lub suab nkauj rau ib nqe lus Askiv uas tsis tau pom dua ua ntej.
  2. Qhia qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ntsuas ntau haiv neeg ntawm paj huam.
  3. Qhia lub peev xwm khaws cia lub sonority, plasticity thiab saj zawg zog ntawm nqe nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm.
  4. suab paj huam nrog cov duab thiab cov lus hais.
  5. Combined the Old British language with modern syntax, which improve the quality of resulting poem.
  6. Invented ib stanza nrog cuaj kab (ntawm tag nrho cov tsuas yog tus kawg yog ib tug iambic pentameter, lub kawg yog rau meters).
  7. Invented ib daim ntawv tshiab ntawm lub classic sonnet("chained quatrains").
Edmund Spencer
Edmund Spencer

Nov yog zaj dab neeg ntawm Edmund Spenser, tus kws sau paj huam, hauv kev nkag siab, tus tsim ntawv Askiv.

Pom zoo: