Cov duab kos duab ntawm Soviet cov kws ua yeeb yam: cov npe nrov tshaj plaws

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Thaum cov haujlwm thiab cov npe ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab ua ntej ntawm Lavxias feem ntau paub txawm tias cov menyuam yaus, cov neeg pleev kob ntawm lub sijhawm USSR yog, zoo li nws yog, hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Txij li thaum tsev kawm ntawv, ntau tus neeg nco qab xws li canvases li "Morning", "Wet Terrace", "Duain Deuce". Tab sis yog pom lawv paub txhua leej txhua tus thiab txhua tus, ces cov npe ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv tsis nco qab. Cia peb paub nrog cov npe ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws los ntawm cov kws kos duab Soviet.

Txoj Kev Tuag

Ib qho ntawm cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv Soviet yog cov duab kos los ntawm Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin "Kev Tuag ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas", sau rau xyoo 1928. Cov phiaj xwm ntawm daim ntaub, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab tseem ceeb, ua kom pom qhov xwm txheej ntiag tug tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv zej zog. Cov tub ntxhais hluas commissar tuag nyob rau hauv caj npab ntawm nws pab tub ceev xwm. Nws tsis tso rab phom thiab ntsia iab tom qab kev tawm mus, zoo li nws tseem cia siab tias yuav sawv thiab txuas ntxiv kev sib ntaus.

Tus kws kos duab tau ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tha xim rau ib xyoos, ua rau nws nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm lub npe hu ua "tricolor" - ib txoj kev tha xim siv peb xim thawj. Tam sim no, daim duab tuaj yeem pom hauv Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias ntawm St.

Again deuce

Thiab cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov paub zoo tshaj plaws vim tias nws cov kev tsim tawm tau nthuav tawm hauv cov ntawv nyeem rau ib nrab xyoo pua, sawv cev rau cov khoom siv rau kev sau ntawv. Lub painting "Dua deuce" los ntawm tus kws kos duab Fyodor Reshetnikov tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1952, uas qhia txog qhov tseeb piv txwv ntawm ib hom kev pleev xim niaj hnub nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.

Tsis muaj coob tus neeg paub tias "deuce" yog qhov thib ob ua haujlwm hauv kev kos duab trilogy ntawm Fyodor Pavlovich. Nws yog ua ntej los ntawm lub xyoo tshiab Eve painting "Tsov mus so" nyob rau hauv 1948 - nws "kev tsim tawm" tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab no, nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub qhov rooj saum toj ntawm daim ntawv qhia ua kua muag. Qhov thib peb - "Reexamination" tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1954, thiab hauv nws koj tuaj yeem pom "kev tsim tawm" ntawm daim ntaub dhau los dhau lub cim tseem ceeb lub desktop.

"Dua deuce" yog nyob rau hauv Tretyakov Gallery hauv Moscow.

Lenin ntawm lub podium

Nws yog qhov yooj yim tsis yooj yim sua kom xav txog keeb kwm ntawm Soviet kos duab yam tsis muaj daim ntawv loj loj los ntawm Alexander Gerasimov. Cov xim vibrant, cov teebmeem txav thiab muaj zog ideological overtones ua rau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm VladimirIlyich Lenin yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau pom tau thiab zoo heev. Gerasimov xeeb sau "Lenin ntawm lub podium" rov qab rau xyoo 1920, tab sis nws siv sijhawm kaum xyoo los tsim cov duab.

Txawm hais tias daim duab tau pleev xim rau hauv Gerasimov nyiam style, ze rau impressionism, feem ntau nws yog ib hom kev sib raug zoo. kev muaj tiag. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab kev txav ntawm tus chij liab, nco txog cov nplaim taws, muab cov duab ntawm Lenin yuav luag cov duab dab neeg - nws zoo li ya mus rau pem hauv ntej, tshwm sim los ntawm nws lub tswv yim kub hnyiab. Lub ntuj cua daj cua dub yog lub cim ntawm kev tawm tsam cua daj cua dub.

Koj tuaj yeem pom daim ntaub monumental ntawm State Historical Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Red Square hauv Moscow.

Blue Spring

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo 1930, lwm qhov kev paub txog kev kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm Soviet tau tsim - ua haujlwm ntawm Vasily Baksheev "Blue Spring". Tab sis ob txoj haujlwm no txawv li cas! Baksheev's canvas los ntawm txhua qhov kev qhia zoo ib yam li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thawj coj ua ntej kev tawm tsam qub, thiab nws lub siab nyiam, zoo li kev daws teeb meem, tsis muaj sijhawm. Xws li "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav" tuaj yeem sau tau ntau pua xyoo ua ntej kev hloov pauv ntawm tsoomfwv, thiab thaum lub sijhawm Soviet, thiab txawm tias niaj hnub no, hauv hav zoov birch, koj tuaj yeem pom thaj chaw zoo sib xws.

Tam sim no, txoj haujlwm tau khaws cia hauv Tretyakov Gallery hauv Moscow.

Morning

Lwm tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Soviet niaj hnub realism yog ib daim duab uas peb txhua tus paub los ntawm cov lus qhiaLavxias teb sab lus thiab sau ntawv. Tus kws kos duab Tatyana Yablonskaya tau pleev xim rau "Morning" hauv xyoo 1954 thiab tsim lub koob meej tsis txawj tuag rau nws tus kheej nrog rau txoj haujlwm tsis yooj yim no.

Daim duab muaj cov khawv koob tiag tiag thaum sawv ntxov, nkag siab rau txhua tus: lub hnub ci ci, hnov cov huab cua ntshiab nrawm nrawm los ntawm lub sam thiaj qhib, noj tshais yooj yim ntawm lub rooj thiab tus ntxhais hluas "ya" rau hnub tshiab hauv nws lub cev pose.

Ntxiv rau cov ntawv nyeem, cov duab nto moo tuaj yeem pom hauv Moscow Tretyakov Gallery.

Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Petrograd

Artist Alexander Deineka tau pleev xim rau daim duab no, uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov duab kos duab Soviet hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ob zaug - thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1928, qhov thib ob - hauv xyoo 1954. Ob lub versions yog nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab xyaum tsis txawv - tus thawj yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub Armed Forces ntawm lub USSR, thiab tus sau lub reproduction nyob rau hauv lub Tretyakov Gallery.

Nyob rau hauv hom kev sib raug zoo. realism, painting depicts ob detachments ntawm tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog. Lub zog tshwj xeeb uas muaj nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg tau tshwm sim hauv kev txav ntawm cov tub rog raug mob rov qab los, thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txiav txim siab, ntawm cov poj niam, nce mus rau hauv kauj ruam, npaj los tiv thaiv lawv lub nroog, cov tswv yim thiab lub hom phiaj.

Nws yog qhov xav paub tias Deineka tau sau tag nrho cov cim rau tus phab ej ntawm nws cov duab kos los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub Hoobkas uas tau koom nrog Tsov Rog Tsov Rog.

New Moscow

Daim duab no los ntawm tus kws kos duab Pimenov yog txuam nrog ntau yam nrog rau 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, txawm hais tias nws tau pleev xim rov qab rau xyoo 1937. Tab sis qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov xim, tus poj niam loj hlob tsav tsheb, thiab cov xim dav dav ntawm daim duab ua rau nws zoo li ntau dhau ntawm ib qho yeeb yaj kiab.

Qhov tseeb, Yuri Pimenov tsis tau npaj los piav txog 37 xyoo, tab sis saib mus rau yav tom ntej - thiab nws ua tiav. Nws yog lub teeb xyoo tom ntej, zoo ib yam li kev rov ua dua tshiab uas ua rau lub caij ntuj sov los nag, uas tus neeg pleev kob tau sim qhia hauv "New Moscow".

Feem ntau daim duab hu ua congenial rau tej hauj lwm ntawm American artists ntawm lub sij hawm thiab ua ntej cov kev taw qhia ntawm "glamorous" painting. Qhov no tau yooj yim piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb hauv qab no: daim duab tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev koom tes los ntawm Soviet delegation ntawm lub Ntiaj Teb Exhibition nyob rau hauv New York thiab Paris, qhov twg, los ntawm txoj kev, Pimenov tau txais lub Gold Medal.

Tam sim no "New Moscow" yog nyob rau hauv Tretyakov Gallery.

Bolshevik

Cov duab kos duab classic thiab nrov tshaj plaws ntawm thawj xyoo tom qab kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem raug hu ua duab "Bolshevik", pleev xim los ntawm Boris Kustodiev xyoo 1920. Sim nkag siab txog qhov tuaj ntawm lub zog tshiab, tus kws kos duab nto moo tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib daim duab allegorical, txawm hais tias nws tsis tau siv yav dhau los rau cov lus qhia zoo li no. Ib tug loj Bolshevik, cim lub hwj chim tshiab, yog solemnly thiab lub hom phiaj taug kev hla lub nroog, hla txoj kev dej nyab nrog tib neeg. Ci liab chijenvelops saum cov tsev, mus tob rau hauv lub canvas.

Nws yog qhov xav paub tias Kustodiev nws tus kheej ntshai tias nws daim duab yuav nkag siab yuam kev, thiab yog li ntawd tsis xa "Bolshevik" mus rau qhov kev nthuav qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ntshai tsis tuaj yeem muaj tseeb thiab daim ntaub tsis tsuas yog tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis kuj tau los ua ib lub cim ntawm kev hloov pauv.

Koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab no los ntawm Kustodiev hauv Moscow Tretyakov Gallery.

V. I. Lenin hauv Razliv xyoo 1917

Qhov no 1934 canvas suav hais tias tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg pleev kob Arkady Rylov, tab sis kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov duab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Vladimir Lenin thaum nws nyob hauv Razliv ua ntej ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Revolution. Ib qho amazing ua ke ntawm toj roob hauv pes, monumentalism thiab keeb kwm portrait nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ua rau cov painting "V. I. Lenin ntawm Razliv nyob rau hauv 1917" tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug cult khoom, tab sis kuj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.

Koj tuaj yeem pom kev ua haujlwm ntawm kos duab ntawm Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv St. Petersburg.

Hoarfrost

Thiab ntawm no yog lwm daim duab los ntawm V. N. Baksheev - "Hoarfrost", tib yam kev tshoov siab thiab tsis ntev los no yog "Blue Spring". Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub epithet "xiav" kuj muaj feem xyuam rau txoj hauj lwm no, txij li thaum lub radiance ntawm lub frosty lub ntuj yog cia li qhia nyob rau hauv cov daus tshiab, muab tag nrho cov duab ib tug npau suav thiab tej yam yees siv ntxoov ntxoo.

Koj tuaj yeem saib daim ntaub zoo nkauj no ntawm 1900 nyob hauv Moscow,hauv Tretyakov Gallery.

After the Rain (Wet Terrace)

Tsis zoo li "Lenin ntawm lub podium", daim duab no los ntawm Gerasimov, tsim nyob rau hauv 1935, yog ze rau nws nyiam style thiab impressionist mus ob peb vas. Thiab, nrog rau "Deuce" thiab "Morning", "Tom Qab Los nag" yog qhov paub rau txhua tus neeg los ntawm cov chav kawm hauv tsev kawm thiab cov ntawv sau ua raws li nws.

Dab tsi ua rau daim duab tshwj xeeb thiab nco tau yog qhov kev xav ntawm freshness tom qab los nag, xav tsis thoob yog qhia los ntawm Alexander Mikhailovich - txawm hais tias cov toj roob hauv pes tsim tawm sab nraum lub hom phiaj tiag tiag, qhov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw los ntawm cov nplooj ntub dej, paj., rooj thiab terrace yog tsim.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias, nrog rau Pimenov's "New Moscow", daim ntaub "Tom Qab Los nag" kuj tau nthuav tawm ntawm World Exhibition hauv Paris, qhov twg nws tau txais txiaj ntsig Grand Prix. Tam sim no daim duab yog nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab nthuav tawm ntawm Tretyakov Gallery.

Thawj snow

Nco thiab kov heev yog daim duab ntawm Soviet artist Arkady Plastov. Nws tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1946 thiab tam sim no nyob hauv lub nroog Tver, hauv Regional Art Gallery.

Thawj xyoo tom qab tsov rog, thaj chaw tiag tiag thiab lub tsev nyob hauv lub zos Prislonikha thiab ob tug me nyuam - ib tug tub thiab ib tug ntxhais, pleev xim los ntawm ntau tus me nyuam sib txawv ib zaug, leej twg nyob ntawd thiab ua yeeb yam rau tus kws kos duab hauv tig. Kev xyiv fab yooj yim thiab ncaj ncees los ntawm thawj daus, kev zoo siab tam sim ntawd los ntawm kev rov qab mus rau lub neej kaj siab lug -cov me nyuam tsis hnov qab txoj kev ua tsov ua rog txaus ntshai, tab sis tsis pub lawv lub siab tawv thiab tsis paub yuav ua li cas thiaj pom kev luag.

Cov menyuam yaus yog cov nyiam ua yeeb yam ntawm Arkady Alexandrovich cov duab, tab sis nws yog qhov haujlwm no uas tau txais kev saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev lees paub: tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm Soviet cov kws ua yeeb yam thiab tsoomfwv cov thawj coj, tab sis kuj ntawm kev nthuav qhia thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev sib tw.

Vasily Terkin

Cov duab kos nyob hauv ib qho chaw loj hauv keeb kwm ntawm Soviet kos duab, thiab yog li nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis quav ntsej cov kab lis kev cai no, nco ntsoov cov duab zoo tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tshaj plaws. Tej zaum qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov piv txwv ntawm Tvardovsky zaj paj huam "Vasily Terkin" los ntawm Orest Vereisky.

Daim duab no yog thiab zoo siab, nrog rau cov ntawv sau qub, tau los ua tus neeg tiag tiag ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, tub rog Red Army, thiab feem ntau tau txiav txim siab qhov zoo li qub ntawm kev ua tsov rog zoo tib yam, tsis yog rau cov duab tom ntej, tab sis kuj rau xinesmas.

Tam sim no, qhov kev piav qhia no, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov kws kos duab lwm yam haujlwm, tau khaws cia thiab nthuav tawm ntawm Dokuchaev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Zos Hauv Zos, lub zos Novodugino, cheeb tsam Smolensk.

Frost and sun

Soviet toj roob hauv pes cov neeg pleev kob thiab lawv cov duab kos tsis nyob hauv thaj chaw loj hauv kev kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, uas lawv tau nyob hauv 18-19th centuries. Ntau zaus tau sau, thiab xav tau ntau dua hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv hom keeb kwm portrait, kev sib raug zoo.realism los yog niaj hnub realism. Yog li ntawd, tus kws kos duab Viktor Tsyplakov nyiam ua haujlwm hauv cov yeeb yam no. Tab sis, ironically, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog thiab tseem pom tau tias yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj toj roob hauv pes rau nws portfolio, uas yog lub painting "Frost thiab Sun", lub npe hu ua tom qab nto moo kab los ntawm Pushkin paj huam "Lub caij ntuj no sawv ntxov"

Peb kuj nco txog nws los ntawm chav kawm ntawv sau ntawv. Thiab yuav ua li cas ib tug yuav tsis qhuas lub freshness thiab liveliness ntawm no canvas? Koj tuaj yeem qhuas cov duab "Frost thiab Sun" nyob hauv Tretyakov Gallery.

Zoo rau tag kis txoj kev

Ua kom tiav cov npe ntawm cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Soviet yog lwm cov duab los ntawm Yuri Pimenov, tsuas yog pleev xim tom qab "New Moscow" - xyoo 1962. Thiab yog hais tias yav dhau los tau piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog zoo li lub thaw, ces "Zoo rau Tag kis Txoj Kev" qhia txog txhua qhov kev yeej ntawm lub sijhawm no.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Pimenov yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas nws tau ua ib yam dab tsi ua tsis tau thiab tsis xav txog - nws ua ke cov duab zoo nkauj, tag nrho nrog tib lub teeb kov ntawm New York gloss, thiab feem ntau tsis yog kev sib raug zoo. kev muaj tiag. Thiab qhov tshwm sim tsis yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis yog ib daim duab zoo siab thiab zoo siab ntawm lub siab. Qhia cov niam txiv tshiab ua cov pioneer ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho ntawm txoj kev tshiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim lub ntiaj teb tshiab thiab lub neej yav tom ntej, uas txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws Soviet tau ua npau suav txog.

Tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem pom hauv Moscow Tretyakov Gallery.