Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th: cov yam ntxwv dav dav, keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob, cov lus qhia tseem ceeb

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab, lub xyoo pua 19th yog lub sijhawm muaj kev vam meej thiab muaj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam tiam sis. Kab lis kev cai ntawm lub sij hawm yog txiav txim los ntawm bourgeois kev sib raug zoo. Capitalism tau tsim tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, nws npog ntau yam spheres ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab qhov no cuam tshuam cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Xws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib raug zoo cuam tshuam rau cov kev qhia philosophical, painting thiab ntaub ntawv, thiab kev nco qab ntawm pej xeem. Txhua yam no cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub neej.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Kev nkag siab txog Lavxias teb sab cov ntaub ntawv thiab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th tsuas yog ua tau yog tias ib tus neeg paub txog qhov tsis sib xws uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm bourgeoisie ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd hauv peb lub tebchaws. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub xyoo pua dhau los tsis yooj yim. Kev sib cav sab hauv, kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thiab kev sib cav hauv chav kawm tau cuam tshuam rau kev muaj tswv yim, tsis yog khoom ntawm lub neej. Cov bourgeoisie tawm tsam cov proletarians, cov khoom siv kab lis kev cai yog dheev ntawm nthwv dej ntawm zam, thiabsab ntsuj plig kab lis kev cai tau nce tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, tag nrho cov no tau hloov dramatically thiab radically. Tag nrho lub neej ntawm ib tug neeg tig rov qab los thaum cov cav tov tau los ua kom sib cais tus neeg thiab qhov xwm txheej, hloov cov stereotypes thiab cov tswv yim txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus txiv neej hauv ntiaj teb. Txij thaum ntawd los, txiv neej tau nyob ntawm cov tshuab. Mechanization yog nrog los ntawm alienation ntawm sab ntsuj plig spheres, sib cais los ntawm lub hauv paus. Crafts thiab creativity yog hloov los ntawm monotonous kev ua ub no.

Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, Lavxias teb sab kos duab thaum tig ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries yog txiav txim los ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov pej xeem. Hom kab lis kev cai no yog vim kev nce qib hauv natural sciences thiab philosophical breakthroughs. Kev tshawb fawb yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo, tus uas txiav txim siab tag nrho cov spheres ntawm kev sib raug zoo lub neej. Kev taw qhia tus nqi yog ntsuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem bourgeois thiab kev tsis lees paub ntawm lub zej zog zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua muaj xws li ob peb seemingly opposite lus qhia. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm ntawm romanticism thiab lub sijhawm uas tseem ceeb tiag tiag tab tom txhim kho. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, peb pom kev nce qib ntawm cov cim, nrog rau ntau tus neeg mob siab rau naturalism, tab sis tsis muaj tsawg dua cov pej xeem nyiam los ntawm positivism.

ntiaj teb saib thiab kab lis kev cai

Tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai nyob sab Europe ntawm ib puas xyoo yog kev ua qauv qhia txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Nws yog amazing npaum li cas sib sib zog nqus ntawm lub tswv yim tensions, yuav ua li cas zoo sib xws science thiab sab ntsuj plig, ntaub ntawv thiab lub neej txhua hnub, kos duab thiab lub tswv yim. Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm painting. Hauv nwslub sij hawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem ceeb yog kev kawm kos duab. Qhov chaw txaus nyiam tshaj plaws rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam yog keeb kwm, cov duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov tshwm sim, kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Patriotic thiab yeej xyoo 1812. Kev vam meej hauv kev ua tub rog yog qhov laj thawj rau kev nce siab ntawm tus kheej ntawm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-60s ntawm tib lub xyoo pua, kev sib raug zoo cov ntsiab lus thiab lub neej txhua hnub tau dhau los ua fashionable thiab nrov nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm painting. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua, impressionism tau muaj koob meej. Yog tias koj saib cov haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, koj yuav pom tias ntau thiab ntau tus kws kos duab tsim cov duab hauv Art Nouveau style lossis tig mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm neoclassicism.

Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th tsis tuaj yeem xav txog, tsis hais txog kev kawm kos duab. Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm painting yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua no. Nws yog nws leej twg teev cov zam, txiav txim siab qhov nrov tiam sis, tam sim no yeej. Txoj kev tseem ceeb yog classicism. Hom thiab nrov tshaj plaws yog portraiture, keeb kwm, thiab kos duab zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau tawm tsam tsis zoo rau kev saib xyuas kev kawm. Tsis txhob piav txog cov duab hauv phau Vajlugkub lossis cov dab neeg, lawv nyiam pleev xim toj roob hauv pes thiab pleev xim duab. Ntau thiab ntau zaus, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyiam romantic thiab cov yam ntxwv tiag tiag pom hauv cov haujlwm.

Npe thiab piv txwv

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th yog ib qho amazingly multifaceted phenomenon, txawv los ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov lus qhia thiab lub originality ntawm lawv manifestations. Zoo heev yog cov portraits pleev xim los ntawm Kiprensky. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lawv uas ib tug yuav pom yuav ua li cas lub canons ntawm portraiture yog complemented thiabzoo kawg nkaus ua ke nrog romanticism ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws hauv qhov kev hwm no yog cov duab ntawm Chelishchev, Rostopchins, thiab Khvostovs.

Tsis xav paub tsawg yog cov haujlwm tsim los ntawm Tropinin. Cov no yog cov duab tiag tiag uas tus neeg yog qhov chaw uas nyiam mloog. Tus sau no piav txog txhua lub ntsej muag nrog qhov tseeb heev. Cov duab kos los ntawm nws zoo kawg nkaus qhia txog tus neeg tiag tiag uas tau ua rau daim duab. Tshwj xeeb yog xav paub thiab ntseeg tau zoo kawg yog nws cov haujlwm, uas piav txog Ravich, Bulakhov, thiab Carrots. Tib tus kws kos duab tsim ib qho ntawm cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Pushkin - qhov uas tus kws sau paj huam zoo mloog rau nws tus kheej, tso rau ntawm ib pawg ntawm nplooj ntawv.

Brullov thiab Ivanov

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj zog kev kawm nyiam, raws li cov kev cai thiab canons ntawm cov hauj lwm "Hnub kawg ntawm Pompeii" tau tsim. Cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb no tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov uas tau qhuas nws tus sau Bryullov thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, nws yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los qhia txog kev hloov pauv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Los ntawm nws txoj kev ua yeeb yam, ib tus tuaj yeem pom ntau npaum li cas tib neeg tab tom tos kev hloov pauv, lub zog ntawm tus kheej ntawm lub teb chaws tau nce siab npaum li cas. Bryullov txoj hauj lwm qhia txog tib neeg lub siab tawv ntawm cov neeg uas raug kev puas tsuaj loj.

Txawm li cas los xij, Bryullov lwm yam haujlwm tsis muaj tsawg xav paub thiab qhia txog kev xav txog cov tswv yim ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Kev lig kev cai, kev kos duab, keeb kwm, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm "Italian Noon" yog qhov txaus siab heev. Ntawm cov nyiaj kub ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - tsim los ntawm tus sau no"Horsewoman", "Bathsheba". Txog rau hnub no, kev qhuas ntawm cov neeg thuam yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov duab tshwj xeeb "Italian Morning". Thiab nyob rau hauv lawv, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm tus sau zoo, ib tug yuav pom yuav ua li cas yog, kom meej meej, xav tsis thoob Bryullov insightful qhia qhov zoo nkauj ntawm xwm thiab txiv neej.

Ivanov yog tus sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias kos duab hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm ib tug yuav pom li cas pej xeem sab ntsuj plig awakens. Tus sau txoj hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog Kev tshwm sim ntawm Tswv Yexus rau Cov Neeg. Nws paub tias tus kws kos duab tau ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntaub no rau li ob xyoo lawm. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Vajtswv yog pom nyob rau hauv qhov kev ncua deb, thiab lub foreground yog muab rau Ivan tus muab kev cai raus dej, uas taw tes rau Tswv Yexus, ua rau cov neeg nyiam rau nws. Lub ntsej muag ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem tau piav qhia ntawm daim ntaub ci ntsa iab thaum mus txog ntawm Vajtswv, thiab cov neeg soj ntsuam tam sim ntawd pom tias muaj kev xyiv fab puv npo ntawm cov neeg no.

xyoo pua tab tom mus rau nruab nrab

Hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Fedotov thiab Venetsianov ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam no, cov yeeb yaj kiab txhua hnub tau raug tso tseg, thiab kev ua yeeb yam hauv zej zog tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv paintings ntawm Venetsianov, ib tug tuaj yeem pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub. Tus kws kos duab no tau tsom mus rau tib neeg kev nom kev tswv, ntawm kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, uas tsis yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev faib chav kawm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus nyiam yog cov hauj lwm tsim los ntawm nws "Peasant poj niam nrog cornflowers" thiab "Barn". Cov duab ntawm cov neeg koom ua haujlwm ntawm thaj av ua liaj ua teb thiab sau qoob loo yog qhov qhia tau zoo heev.

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Lavxias teb sab kos duab yog maj mam tsiv mus rau realism. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog kev xavpeasant lub neej nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov nta. Cov qauv tshiab tau lees tias nyuaj heev. Nws cov thwjtim yuav tsum tau siv zog ntau rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, uas nyiam cov duab kos duab classic. Qee tus hais tias kev kos duab yog siab dua lub neej niaj hnub, uas yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov chaw nyob hauv nws rau txhua hnub cov ncauj lus, haiv neeg lossis xwm txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tau pom los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau raug yuam kom rov qab los nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov kev taw qhia tshiab. Txij li thaum xyoo 1862, tag nrho cov duab yeeb yaj kiab tau suav tias yog sib npaug. Txij no mus, cov ntsiab lus tsis raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum ntsuas cov duab, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab.

kev hlub thiab kev xav

Thaum tsov rog xyoo 1812 xaus, hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov kev txaus siab ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv pej xeem lub neej tau nce ntxiv. Kev saib xyuas ntau yog kos rau tus kheej ntawm tus txiv neej. Qhov no yog li cas lub tswv yim tshiab tau yug los, raws li lub tswv yim ntawm tus neeg uas tsis nyob ntawm kev nyuaj siab, sab ntsuj plig muaj zog, muaj kev xav tob, qhia nws lub siab nyiam. Xws li ib tug zoo tagnrho los ua lub hauv paus ntawm creation nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm romanticism. Lub tswv yim no yog qhov tshiab rau kev kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 19th. Maj mam, classicism surrenders nws yav dhau los kab lig kev cai, thiab nws yog romanticism uas yuav siv nws qhov chaw. Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 tsim nyob rau hauv cov leeg no feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua. Nws nyob ntawm no hais tias painting lus yuav siv sij hawm leaps thiab ciam teb rau pem hauv ntej. Qhov kev ntshaw zoo tshaj plaws, kev nce siab ntawm tus ntsuj plig - tag nrho cov no yog npaj los cuam tshuam cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tiav nws tau ua qhov no los ntawm portraiture. Feem ntauCov hauj lwm zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm romanticism ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd yog tus txhuam ntawm Kiprensky.

Nws cuam tshuam tag nrho cov kos duab Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Thaum xub thawj nws kawm hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Kawm, tom qab ntawd ntawm Art Academy. Tus kws kos duab tau txais kev paub hauv chav kawm ntawm keeb kwm painting. Nws txoj hauj lwm sai sai nyiam cov xim vim qhov ua tiav thiab atypical xim schemes uas txhais cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv. Lub zog yog reflected nyob rau hauv impasto painting, vim hais tias txhua yam depicted yuav txawm ntau nthuav thiab kev xav. Sarabyanov hais txog Kiprensky thiab romanticism, paub hais tias tus qauv nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws tsis muaj zog raws li nyob rau hauv ntau European powers, nws tsis paub qhov xwm txheej zoo li nyob rau hauv Western lub teb chaws, tab sis nws yog Kiprensky uas yog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv no txav. Nws cov haujlwm feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm classical kev xav ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, tab sis tus kws kos duab zoo kawg nkaus qhia txog cov kev xav tsis meej thiab txheeb xyuas lawv, piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus ntsuj plig uas yuav luag ze rau kev xav. Nyob rau hauv paintings ntawm Kiprensky, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm yav dhau los thiab tam sim no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom tseeb. Nws tau xav tias cov duab no tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm thaum tib neeg muaj kev cia siab, kev nco qab tshwj xeeb yog muaj zog ua tsaug rau kev yeej. Romantic portraits los ntawm tus kws kos duab no tau hais los ntawm cov neeg thuam kom xav tsis thoob tias ntxim nyiam, thawj thiab nthuav tawm heev.

About Kiprensky hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv

Tau ua ib qho kev pab tshwj xeeb rau Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Kiprensky tsis tshua tsim ib yam dab tsi zoo li qhov nws tsim nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas nyob rau hauv lub Italian theem ntawm nws lub neej. Qhov no yog vim lub nuances ntawm nws txoj hmoo. Ntawm cov feem ntaunthuav thiab tseem ceeb tej hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg nyob rau hauv lub 27th xyoo ntawm lub portrait ntawm Pushkin. Kiprensky tsim nws thaum nws tshwm sim rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg lub sij hawm kawg. Nyob rau hauv 1822 nws tau pleev xim rau ib tug zoo kawg nkaus elegiac portrait ntawm Avdulina, txhua txhua stroke ntawm uas muaj puv nrog kev tu siab.

Raws li ntau tus neeg thuam hais, nws tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab kos duab uas tawm los ntawm tus kws kos duab lub stylus. Feem ntau, tus sau tau ua haujlwm nrog cov cwj mem Italian. Rau dyeing watercolors thiab pastels tau siv. Kiprensky kuj siv cov xaum xim xim. Qhov tseeb ntawm cov sketch sai no suav hais tias lom zem.

Nws ntseeg tias hom kev kos duab zoo nkauj no yog qhov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Kiprensky ib tug yuav pom tau hais tias amazingly txawj ntse nws siv mem hluav, kho lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab me me kev hloov, cia lub zog ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Cov duab nraaj ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo tau hloov zuj zus ntau xyoo dhau los. Tom qab ntawd tej hauj lwm tsis yog li ntawd ncaj qha, lawv tsis muaj lub qub warmth, tab sis lub virtuosity ntawm kev tua ntawm txhua tus mob stroke thiab sophistication ntawm kev ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tag nrho ua rau kev zoo siab kiag li.

Orlovsky

Y Yug xyoo 1777, tus Ncej los ntawm keeb kwm, tus kws kos duab no tau ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau Lavxias kos duab ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Niaj hnub no, cov neeg thuam hu nws ua ib qho kev nyiam romantic. Nws coj los rau hauv peb cov kab lis kev cai qee cov lus qhia uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Western creativity. Nws paub txog nws qhov kev piav qhia ntawm bivouacs thiab cov duab kos duab uas qhia txog kev poob nkoj. Pushkin sau txog nws lub peev xwm. Nws thiaj li tshwm sim hais tias Orlovsky sai sai assimilated thaum mus txog rau Russia, thiab qhov no yog xav txog nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav tawm thiab nthuav tawm cov duab kos duab, portraits hauv hom ntawv no. Outwardly, ib tug tuaj yeem pom cov cim qhia ntawm European romanticism, nro, lub siab xav rau kev ntxeev siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee yam tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kheej, zais cia kuj pom. Tus kheej-portrait ntawm tus kws kos duab tsim nyob rau hauv 1809 yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhia nyob rau hauv no hwm.

Tus sau no tau tso lub hauv paus rau kev muaj tiag hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Nws txhuam belongs rau hom sketches. Nws tsim lithographs, ua ntau yam duab kos, uas nws ntes lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej hauv nroog.

Lub sijhawm dhau mus - art evolves

Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th yog qhov maj mam ploj mus ntawm kev kawm. Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua no, realism tau maj mam muaj zog thiab muaj zog. Ntawm Art Academy, cov kws qhia ntawv tau sim ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm tias kev kos duab zoo tshaj lub neej. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev tsim tau suav tias yog cov dab neeg hauv phau Vajlugkub thiab mythology. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam qhib ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, thiab kev sib tham tau coj los ntawm Kramskoy. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov xwm txheej dhau ib puas xyoo ua rau cov tsos ntawm Wanderers. Tag nrho cov neeg no tsis tau txais kev kawm painting nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Cov lus dab neeg, cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj, kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, kev ua yeeb yam tau raug tso tseg los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tshiab uas xav pleev xim rau lub neej yooj yim. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev txhim kho cov duab kos duab, lub tswv yim tseem ceeb uas yog kev ywj pheej, tau txais kev lees paub zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm zej zog. Cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tuaj yeem hu ua Kramskoy, Stasov. Lub ntsiab collector ntawm lub era yog Tretyakov. Yog li qhov thib obib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua no yog lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev muaj tiag hauv kev ua yeeb yam.

Nrog rau phab ntsa ntawm Art Academy, cov qauv tshiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv 1963, lub Revolt ntawm lub kaum plaub pib, uas pab rau Lavxias teb sab kos duab nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam uas npaj yuav kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis kam sau cov kev tsim ntawm cov ncauj lus uas tau muab rau lawv, thiab cov kws qhia ntawv tsis kam tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm xaiv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm tiav canvas. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ntxeev siab tsuas yog tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab nrhiav tau lawv tus kheej artel. Muaj tseeb, nws tsis kav ntev. Tsis ntev, Muscovites thiab Petersburgers tau tsim tib yam kev mus ncig ua si ntawm 70s. Ntau zaus lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv cheeb tsam lub nroog, tsis tshua muaj cov neeg ua yeeb yam mus rau cov nroog hauv nroog. Wandering muaj nyob rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua. Txhua qhov kev nthuav qhia tau suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xeev. Lub Wanderers muaj ib qho kev pab tswv yim thiab nrhiav kev xav txog qhov tseeb, lub neej tiag tiag, nws cov teeb meem thiab teeb meem.

Partnership: ntau cov ntsiab lus

Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm 2nd ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th tsis yog tsuas yog Wanderers xwb, tab sis lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Myasoedov ib zaug hais tias qhov kev vam meej ntawm tag nrho lub zog no yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm thawj qhov kev ua tau zoo. Kev muaj tiag qhia tias nws yog tiag tiag. Lub rooj sib tham mob siab rau cov kev ua ub no ntawm lub voj voog yog convened rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6, 1870. Tom qab ntawd nws tau txiav txim siab hais tias lub exhibition yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, los ntawm 15. Cuaj hlis mus txog rau thawj hnub ntawm lub hli tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li lub sijhawm teev tseg. Cov Wanderers tuaj yeem qhia cov haujlwm rau tib neeg nkaus xwb thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 25th. Qhov kev nthuav qhia tsuas yog dhau ib hlis, kaw rau hnub thib ob ntawm xyoo 1872, yog qhov ua tau zoo heev thiab txiav txim siab rau yav tom ntej ntawm Kev Koom Tes. Muaj 16 tus neeg koom nrog 47 daim duab.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries yog qhov paub meej meej vim yog cov haujlwm ntawm Wanderers. Raws li cov neeg thuam, nws yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov kev txav no uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib hom ntawv tshwj xeeb, uas lawv tau tsa cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo tshaj plaws, tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub neej niaj hnub ntawm tib neeg. Piv txwv li, Myasoedov tau tsim cov duab nto moo "Zemstvo tab tom noj su", thiab Savitsky hauv nws cov haujlwm tau qhia txog kev cog lus ntawm cov neeg peasantry rau Orthodoxy thiab lub siab dawb paug ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm tib neeg. Cov duab kos duab classic los ntawm tus kws kos duab no, uas tau qhuas nws - "Kev Sib Ntsib Icon".

Cov neeg siv khoom lag luam

Qhov kev sib tw no tau nce zog hauv 60-70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, dhau los ua ib hom duab tshiab. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kev taw qhia cia peb tham txog nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog impressionism. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg nyiam ua yeeb yam yog lub neej txhua hnub, kev nthuav qhia ntawm lub sijhawm, lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv ntawm lub siab xav, kev txaus siab rau cov neeg sab nraud cov qauv hauv zej zog. Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lig 19th - thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo feem ntau xav txog qhov kev taw qhia. Kev tsim ntawm Soviets ua rau txhua hnub ib hom ntawv tseem ceeb dua. Cov yam ntxwv tshiab tshwm sim cuam tshuam nrog kev coj noj coj ua, uas lub zej zog ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau xav txog. Cov hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam qhia kev cia siab, kev mob siab rau, kev tsim kho tshiablub neej. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd yog kev sib sau ntawm kev sib raug zoo, tus kheej.

Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lig 19th - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th yog txaus nyiam rau nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua hnub ib hom ntawv nyeem. Sai li sai tau raws li lub Soviets los rau lub hwj chim, Kustodiev, Vladimirov sim xav txog nyob rau hauv lawv cov canvases cov kev hloov uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Pimenov, Deineka pib tsim nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem, nquag nquag thiab zoo siab. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom qhov kev ntshaw rau kev tsim kho, tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev lag luam hauv zej zog, kev hlub ntawm kev ua kis las. Cov ntsiab lus no tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem ua ntej rau kev muaj tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub 30s, nteg los ntawm peculiarities ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm 19th thiab thaum ntxov 20th centuries. Ntawm cov npe nrov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tsim nyog sau cia Plastov, Odintsov. Gerasimov tej hauj lwm thiab paintings los ntawm Gaponenko yog yam ntxwv.

About music

Amazing thiab zoo nkauj Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Kev lig kev cai, suab paj nruag muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Raws li ntau tus neeg thuam, nws yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th uas cov classics tau vam meej tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Glinka, Dargomyzhsky tsim lawv cov khoom zoo kawg nkaus, ua tsaug rau qhov uas kos duab nce mus rau lub ntiaj teb feem ntau lees paub. Txawm li cas los xij, suab paj nruag tsis tsim los ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib raug zoo, kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev. Tsov rog ntawm 1812 thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm 1825 ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Patriotic xav kav hauv zej zog, sab ntsuj plig ntawm lub teb chaws nce, thiab qhov no cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub neej. Belinsky yuav hais tom qab ntawd xyoo 1812 ua rau lub teb chaws ua rau nws tsaug zog, qhib qhov chaw tshiab ntawm lub zog.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tau tsim lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag classical. Cov creation ntawm Pushkin thiab Zhukovsky, Krylov ua iconic rau lub era. Raws li lawv cov kev sau ntawv zoo kawg nkaus, cov kws sau ntawv kuj tsim. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, kev loj hlob ntawm suab paj nruag twb pom nyob rau theem ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm lyceum. Suab paj nruag yog tsim nyob rau hauv boarding tsev, universities, lub voj voog rau ob qho tib si suab paj nruag thiab ntaub ntawv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, cov rooj sib tham uas tuav los ntawm Odoevsky yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nto moo, thiab nyob rau hauv Moscow - ntawm Volkonskaya thiab Griboedov.

In xaus: me ntsis txog architecture

Architecture occupies ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Nyob rau hauv lub 30-50s, multi-style ua tus tseem ceeb sib. Nws muaj feem cuam tshuam txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua no. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam stylistic ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, architects coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kos duab thiab kev ua vaj tse. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua, lub anti-classical zog tau muaj zog, tau txais ib tug theoretical foundation. Qhov xav paub heev yog Stasov cov lus sib cav txog Renaissance thiab cov qauv uas nws coj mus rau architecture. Nws hais tias architecture ntawm nws lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws haiv neeg lub teb chaws tsis yog ib tug restoration, tab sis ib tug tshiab Renaissance. Lub retrospectivism ntawm lub sijhawm no tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis txhais tau tias ntawm kev tsim cov qauv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej.