Lavxias teb sab kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub xyoo pua 18th yog lub sijhawm uas muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv txhua qhov chaw: kev nom kev tswv, kev sib raug zoo, pej xeem. Teb chaws Europe nthuav tawm ib hom ntawv tshiab rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting: toj roob hauv pes, keeb kwm, lub neej txhua hnub. Qhov tiag tiag kev taw qhia ntawm painting ua predominant. Tus neeg muaj sia nyob yog tus phab ej thiab tuav lub hom phiaj zoo nkauj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Lub xyoo pua 18th nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab raws li lub sijhawm ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj. Txhua leej txhua tus xav kom muaj lawv tus kheej portrait: los ntawm huab tais mus rau ib tug dog dig official los ntawm lub xeev.

European tiam sis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting

Ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th raug yuam kom ua raws li Western zam raws li Peter I, uas xav kom Europeanize Russia. Nws txuas ntxiv qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj thiab txawm tias npaj los tsim lub tsev kawm tshwj xeeb.

Lavxias teb sab cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau paub cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm European painting thiab piav qhia ntawm lawv cov canvases tsis yog cov vajntxwv xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam boyars, tub lag luam, yawg suab, uas tau sim ua kom zam zam thiab feem ntau commissioned cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv zos los pleev xim rau. duab. NtawmNyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd sim ua kom cov duab kos nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev, cov khoom ntawm lub teb chaws costume, xwm, thiab lwm yam. Kev saib xyuas yog tsom rau cov rooj tog kim, vases loj, khaub ncaws zoo nkauj, nthuav poses. Cov duab ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd pom tau tias niaj hnub no yog zaj dab neeg poetic los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam txog lawv lub sijhawm.

Thiab tsis tau, cov duab kos duab ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 18th txawv ntawm cov duab ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam caw txawv teb chaws hauv qhov sib txawv. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias cov kws ua yeeb yam los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws raug caw los cob qhia cov kws ua yeeb yam Lavxias.

Type of portraits

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau cim los ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg pleev kob portrait rau semi-ceremonial thiab chamber views ntawm hom portrait. Portraits ntawm cov neeg pleev kob ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th ua rau muaj ntau yam xws li ceremonial, semi-ceremonial, chamber, intimate.

Kev pom pem hauv ntej ntawm daim duab yog txawv ntawm lwm tus hauv daim duab ntawm tus neeg loj hlob. Glitter ntawm khoom kim heev - ob qho tib si hauv khaub ncaws thiab hauv tsev.

Semi-dressy saib yog duab ntawm lub hauv caug-ntev lossis lub duav-ntev qauv.

Yog hais tias ib tug neeg raug muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv siab los yog lub duav, ces hom portrait no hu ua chamber.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm daim duab qhia qhov kev thov rau lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tus phab ej ntawm daim duab, thaum lub keeb kwm yav dhau tsis quav ntsej.

duab Portrait

Ntau zaus, cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias teb sab xyoo pua 18th raug yuam kom embody tus neeg siv khoom lub tswv yim ntawm nws tus kheej hauv cov duab portrait, tab sis tsis yog cov duab tiag tiag. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account pej xeem kev xav txog tus neeg no lossis tus neeg ntawd. Ntauart historians tau xaus lus ntev tias txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog kev piav qhia tus neeg tsis ntau npaum li nws tiag tiag, lossis raws li nws xav tau, tab sis raws li nws tuaj yeem ua rau nws qhov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov ntawd yog, nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug neeg lawv sim portray raws li ib tug zoo tagnrho.

thawj tus kws kos duab

Lavxias teb sab neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov npe uas feem ntau me me, yog, tshwj xeeb, I. N. Nikitin, A. P. Antropov, F. S. Rokotov, I. P. Argunov, V. L. Borovikovsky, D. G. Levitsky.

Ntawm cov thawj cov neeg pleev kob ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th ntawm Petrine era - cov npe ntawm Nikitin, Antropov, Argunov. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov thawj Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog tsis tseem ceeb. Nws raug txo kom tsuas yog sau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov dluab muaj koob muaj npe, portraits ntawm Lavxias teb sab nobles. Lavxias teb sab artists ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th - masters ntawm portraits. Txawm hais tias feem ntau lawv tsuas yog pab cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws pleev xim rau phab ntsa ntawm ntau lub palaces, ua yeeb yam scenery.

Lub npe ntawm tus neeg pleev kob Ivan Nikitich Nikitin tuaj yeem pom hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm Peter kuv nrog nws tus poj niam. Nws txhuam belongs rau lub portrait ntawm huab tais nws tus kheej, Chancellor G. I. Golovin. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi dag nyob rau hauv nws portrait ntawm sab nraum zoov hetman. Lub ntsej muag tsis hloov pauv los ntawm wig lossis lub tsev hais plaub hnav khaub ncaws. Tus kws kos duab pom tus hetman li nws ua hauv lub neej tiag tiag. Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej uas qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Nikitin's portraits dag.

Antropov txoj haujlwm tau khaws cia hauv cov duab ntawm St. Andrew's Cathedral hauv Kyiv thiab cov duab hauv Synod. Cov hauj lwm no yog qhov txawv los ntawm tus kws kos duab nyiam rau daj, txiv ntseejpaj, vim nws yog ib tug neeg pleev kob uas kawm nrog tus tswv ntawm lub icon painting. Ntawm nws tej hauj lwm nto moo yog portraits Elizabeth Petrovna, Peter I, Princess Trubetskoy, Ataman F. Krasnoshchekov. Antropov txoj haujlwm ua ke ua ke cov kev cai ntawm thawj Lavxias teb sab painting ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th thiab cov canons ntawm cov txuj ci zoo ntawm Petrine era.

Ivan Petrovich Argunov yog tus kws kos duab nto moo ntawm Count Sheremetyev. Nws portraits yog graceful, poses ntawm cov neeg depicted los ntawm nws yog dawb thiab mobile, txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws ua hauj lwm yog meej thiab yooj yim. Nws yog tus tsim ntawm lub chamber portrait, uas tom qab ntawd yuav ua intimate. Cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws kos duab: duab ntawm Catherine II, Sheremetyevs, P. B. Sheremetyev thaum yau.

Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tsis muaj lwm yam nyob hauv tebchaws Russia, tab sis cov kws ua yeeb yam Lavxias zoo nkauj ntawm xyoo pua 18th tsim cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv hom duab.

Lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm hom duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Rokotov, Levitsky thiab Borovikovsky. Tus neeg nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsim nyog qhuas, saib xyuas thiab hwm. Tib neeg txoj kev xav yog qhov cim ntawm lawv cov duab.

Fyodor Stepanovich Rokotov (1735–1808)

Yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi paub txog Fyodor Stepanovich Rokotov, tus kws kos duab Lavxias xyoo pua 18th los ntawm cov tub txib ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv I. Repnin. Tus kws kos duab no sau portraits ntawm cov poj niam softly thiab airily. Sab hauv kev zoo nkauj yog hnov los ntawm Rokotov, thiab nws pom cov txhais tau tias embody rau canvas. Txawm tias cov duab oval ntawm cov duab portraits tsuas yog hais txog qhov tsis yooj yim thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov poj niam.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm nwscreativity - ib nrab tiab portrait. Ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog portraits Grigory Orlov thiab Peter III, Princess Yusupova thiab Prince Pavel Petrovich.

YDmitry Grigorievich Levitsky (1735–1822)

Tus kws kos duab Lavxias nto moo ntawm xyoo pua 18th - Dmitry Grigorievich Levitsky, tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm A. Antropov, muaj peev xwm ntes tau thiab rov tsim kho lub hlwb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tib neeg hauv nws cov duab. Piav txog cov neeg nplua nuj, nws tseem muaj tseeb thiab tsis ncaj ncees, nws cov duab tsis suav nrog kev tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev dag. Nws txhuam muaj tag nrho cov duab ntawm cov neeg zoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub ceremonial portrait uas Levitsky qhia nws tus kheej raws li ib tug tswv. Nws pom poses, gestures, qhia nobles. Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag - qhov no yog li cas Levitsky txoj hauj lwm yog feem ntau hu ua. Paintings teej tug mus rau lub artist tus txhuam: portraits MA Lvova, E. I.

Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky (1757–1825)

Lavxias teb sab cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm 18th-19th centuries yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv qhov kev thov rau lub npe hu ua sentimental portrait. Tus kws kos duab Vladimir Lukich Borovikovsky pleev xim rau cov ntxhais xav paub, uas tau piav qhia hauv nws cov duab nrog lub teeb xim, lawv yog airy thiab dawb huv. Nws heroines tsis yog tsuas yog Lavxias teb sab cov neeg pluag cov poj niam nyob rau hauv ib txwm hnav ris tsho, tab sis kuj hwm cov poj niam ntawm cov neeg siab. Cov no yog cov duab ntawm Naryshkina, Lopukhina, Ntxhais fuabtais Suvorova, Arsenyeva. Cov duab zoo ib yam, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem hnov qab lawv. Cov portraits no txawv los ntawm qhov amazing subtlety ntawm cov cim kis tau tus mob, yuav luag imperceptible nta ntawm lub siab lub ntsws kev paub thiab kev xav uas unites tag nrho cov dluab.kev mos. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, Borovikovsky qhia tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm ib tug poj niam ntawm lub sij hawm.

Borovikovsky cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab dav. Muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm ob qho tib si ceremonial portraits, raws li zoo raws li me me thiab intimate canvases. Ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Borovikovsky, nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov duab ntawm V. A. Zhukovsky, G. R. Derzhavin, A. B. Kurakin thiab Pavel I.

Paintings los ntawm Russian artists

Cov duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias tau pleev xim nrog kev hlub rau ib tus neeg, nws lub ntiaj teb sab hauv thiab kev hwm rau kev coj ncaj ncees. Cov style ntawm txhua tus kws kos duab, ntawm ib sab, yog tus kheej heev, ntawm qhov tod tes, nws muaj ntau yam sib txawv nrog lwm tus. Lub sijhawm no txhais cov style uas qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm Lavxias kos duab hauv xyoo pua 18th.

Cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th los ntawm cov kws kos duab Lavxias:

1. "Tus neeg pleev kob hluas". Qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1760s Tus sau Ivan Firsov yog tus kws tshaj lij tshaj lij ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Daim duab qhia ib tug me nyuam tub nyob rau hauv ib lub cev uas pleev xim rau ib tug portrait ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj me ntxhais.
2. "Farewell of Hector to Andromache", 1773 Sau Anton Pavlovich Losenko. Qhov kawg painting ntawm tus artist. Nws depicts ib scene los ntawm lub thib rau canto ntawm Homer's Iliad.
3. "Pob zeb choj hauv Gatchina ze Connetable Square", 1799-1801. Sau Semyon Fedorovich Shchedrin. Daim duab qhia pom toj roob hauv pes.

Thiab tseem

Lavxias teb sab cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th tseem sim qhia qhov tseeb thiab cov cim tseeb ntawm tib neeg, txawm tias cov xwm txheej ntawm serfdom thiab kev xav ntawm cov neeg siv khoom muaj nyiaj. Portrait hom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18thembodied cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg Lavxias.

Tsis ntseeg, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias, txawm li cas los xij, kev kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau cuam tshuam los ntawm European kab lis kev cai, txawm li cas los xij, nws tau coj mus rau kev loj hlob ntawm haiv neeg Lavxias.