Kuznetsov Pavel Varfolomeevich: biography, creativity thiab duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Kuznetsov Pavel Varfolomeevich paub hauv lub voj voog muaj tswv yim ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam ua tus neeg pleev kob, duab kos duab, tsim qauv. Ups thiab downs, ci ntsa iab kev vam meej thiab tag nrho cov tsis paub yog nyob rau hauv nws lub neej ntev. Tam sim no, koj tuaj yeem paub txog nws cov haujlwm hauv ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej kos duab thiab chaw ua yeeb yam hauv Moscow, Saratov (tus kws kos duab lub tebchaws) thiab lwm lub nroog ntawm Russia thiab txawv teb chaws. Dab tsi yog tus kws kos duab xav qhia nrog nws cov haujlwm, vim li cas kev vam meej hloov pauv nrog kev poob qis hauv nws txoj haujlwm? Qhov no yuav tau tham hauv kab lus.

Short biography

Kuznetsov Pavel Varfolomeevich yug hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws kos duab kos duab Kuznetsov Varfolomey Fedorovich xyoo 1878 hauv nroog Saratov. Kuv txiv muaj ib lub rooj cob qhia pleev xim thiab pleev xim rau cov tuam tsev, pleev xim rau cov duab vaj ntxwv thiab cov duab hauv tsev teev ntuj uas tau txib los ntawm tsoomfwv cov koom haum. Evdokia Illarionovna, nws niam, embroidered zoo nkauj, hlub painting thiab suab paj nruag. Pavel tau nyob ib puag ncig ntawm kev saib xyuaspog Marina thiab yawg Illarion, nyob hauv lawv lub tsev txij thaum yug los. Hauv daim duab hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom Pavel hauv caj npab ntawm nws yawg.

Thaum muaj xya xyoo, yav tom ntej tus kws kos duab, nrog nws niam, tau mus rau Radishevsky Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas qhib hauv Saratov, thawj zaug. Thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, Pavel tuaj yeem saib nws txiv ua haujlwm ntau teev. Twb thaum me nyuam yaus, nws koom nrog cov khoom siv tes ua zoo.

Loj hlob tuaj, Pavel nkag mus rau hauv chav ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv Saratov, qhov twg los ntawm 1891 txog 1896 nws tau kawm nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm cov kws kos duab G. P. Barakki thiab V. V. Konovalov.

Kawm hauv Moscow

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum cuaj, Pavel Varfolomeevich Kuznetsov mus rau Moscow thiab nkag mus rau Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Painting, Sculpture thiab Architecture (MUZhViZ). Nws thawj xib fwb yog A. E. Arkhipov, N. A. Kasatkin, L. O. Parsnip. Txoj hmoo hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Kuznetsov sawv tawm ntawm cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm tsis yog tsuas yog muaj txuj ci, tab sis kuj nrog kev mob siab rau kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm kev kawm, nws xyaum nyob rau hauv lub Rhiav ntawm V. A. Serov thiab K. A. Korovin. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txaus siab los ntawm kev kos duab kos duab ntawm nws cov kws qhia ntawv. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov so, Kuznetsov tuaj rau nws lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Saratov. Nws nyiam siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub vaj uas nws tau hlub txij thaum yau, ntawm cov xim airy ntawm ib puag ncig, lub Volga nthuav dav.

Cov duab nrog ntoo hauv paj - qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij so so, hauv tsab ntawv rau nws tus kws qhia V. A.cov xim nyiaj tuaj yeem xav tsis thoob.

… Ib txoj kev ntxoov ntxoo, cobbled. Loj overgrown ravine. Sokolovaya Roob, qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob ib ncig ntawm Saratov. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tuaj ntawm no nrog easels mus ntes tus dej loj. Slopes - "Berendeevo lub nceeg vaj" - cov tsev me me ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tuav ib leeg, vaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, Volga thiab steppe alluring sab laug bank, Cathedral, thiab lub tswb Hoobkas … Thiab thaum sawv ntxov lub tswb nrov …

Creative Commonwe alth

Lub sijhawm kawm xyoo ntawm MUZhViZ, Kuznetsov thiab ib pawg tub ntxhais kawm tsim lub zej zog Blue Rose muaj tswv yim.

Ob tug me me medals Pavel Kuznetsov tau txais nyob rau hauv 1900-1902 rau kos duab thiab painting sketches. Lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm tus kws kos duab Pavel Varfolomeevich Kuznetsov nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub sij hawm ntawm creativity yog lub zog ntawm impressionism (kos duab ntawm kev soj ntsuam qhov tseeb) mus rau lub cim (kev ntshaw rau innovation, siv cov cim). Nws siv zog los qhia txog lub xeev ntawm tus ntsuj plig nyob rau hauv painting, uas coj nws los ze zog mus rau suab paj nruag thiab paj huam. Pavel koom tes nrog cov ntawv xov xwm thiab koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov scenes hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Lub sijhawm no ntawm kev muaj tswv yim yog txuam nrog cov cim.

Xyoo 1902, Pavel Kuznetsov txiv tau muab txoj hauv kev rau nws tus tub thiab nws ob tug phooj ywg los ntawm Moscow lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev kos duab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Kazan, tsis xav tias lawv cov duab siab zoo li cas, deb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj canons, yuav tig tawm rau cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam.. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Pavel Varfolomeevich Kuznetsov muaj qhov tseeb ntawm kev hais lus nrov nrov thiab kev sib foob nrog cov tub ceev xwm diocesan tshaj cov duab kos ntawm lub tuam tsev. Yog li ntawd, paintingraug rhuav tshem.

Creativity tom qab kawm tiav

Tom qab kawm tiav MUZhViZ hauv xyoo 1904, Kuznetsov Pavel Varfolomeevich txiav txim siab rau lub cim taw qhia hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Lub ntiaj teb pom tau yaj hauv cov duab kos duab, nws cov haujlwm ci ntsa iab nrog cov duab ntxoov ntxoo, qhia txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntawv sau, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm lub voj voog dej, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas nws hlub txij thaum yau. Nws hloov nws cov kev nco thaum yau mus rau canvases, qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej nyob mus ib txhis. Cov duab kos yuav ntxim nyiam nrog lawv cov xim, lub siab ntawm kev tu siab thiab qee yam tsis hais.

Thawj txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog tempera tso cai rau tus kws kos duab ua kom cov xim sib txawv ntawm cov xim, ntim cov duab ntawm daim duab hauv cov xim pos huab. Ib qho kev pom ntawm cov tswv yim no yog nyob rau hauv cov duab xws li "Morning" thiab "Blue Fountain" (daim duab saum toj no), sau rau xyoo 1905. Cov no yog npau suav nchuav rau hauv cov xim. Cov duab uas tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus meej tau pom qhov muag plooj hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov duab kos kom pom tias qee lub sijhawm lawv tuaj yeem nce siab …

Fame

koob meej tuaj rau Lavxias teb sab artist Pavel Varfolomeevich Kuznetsov thaum ntxov. Nws tsis yog 30 xyoo thaum nws tej hauj lwm tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv 1906 nyob rau hauv Paris ntawm lub nto moo exposition ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab npaj los ntawm S. P. Diaghilev. Nws yog tom qab qhov kev nthuav qhia no uas Kuznetsov tau txais txiaj ntsig los raug xaiv los ua tswv cuab ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg Salon. Ob peb tus kws ua yeeb yam tau muab lub sijhawm no.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1907, kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov cim "Blue Rose" tau tuav hauv Moscow, nwsKuznetsov yog tus thawj coj ncaj qha. Nws qhia nws tej hauj lwm ntawm tib lub npe. Ntawm 16 tus neeg tuaj koom, Kuznetsov yog tus nyiam nyiam nyiam.

Tus kws ua yeeb yam koom tes hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm duab nrog cov ntawv xov xwm paub zoo "Art" thiab "Golden Fleece". Ua ke nrog cov kws ua yeeb yam Utkin, Matveev thiab Lansere, Kuznetsov tsim lub villa nto moo ntawm Ya. E. Zhukovsky nyob rau hauv lub Crimea. Hauv daim duab Pavel Varfolomeevich Kuznetsov (sab laug) thiab A. T. Matveev (1909).

Creative Crisis

Lub xyoo dhau los txij li kev nthuav qhia tsis yog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Nws tej hauj lwm ntawm symbolist orientation yog perceived los ntawm compatriots li mob, coj txawv txawv. Tus kws ua yeeb yam tau dhau los ntawm kev muaj tswv yim sib sib zog nqus, paub tias nws tau qaug zog rau nws tus kheej thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj qhov kev cia siab uas tau muab tso rau ntawm nws. Kuznetsov txiav txim siab mus ncig kom tau txais kev paub tshiab thiab tawm ntawm kev kub ntxhov. Nws mus xyuas Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent, Kyrgyz steppes. Xyoo ntawm Pavel Varfolomeevich Kuznetsov lub neej nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab hauv nws txoj haujlwm ntxiv.

Nkauj tawm tshiab ntawm txuj ci

Lub hnub qub ntawm nws lub peev xwm kos lub voj voog ntawm cov duab "Kyrgyz Suite". Cov no yog "Pw tsaug zog hauv yaj", "Yaj Shearing", "Hnub hauv Steppe" thiab lwm yam. Cov xim ntawm cov xim, lub zog ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov qauv ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov duab kos tau txais kev qhia yooj yim.

Daim duab ntawm lub voj voog steppe tau txais txiaj ntsig nroglyrical, nkag mus, poetic suab. Cov paintings "Teahouse", "Nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm Buddhists" evoke theatrical koom haum nyob rau hauv cov neeg saib. Kuznetsov paintings tseem muaj sia nyob, cov uas "Tseem lub neej nrog Japanese engraving" sawv.

Kuznetsov Pavel Varfolomeevich koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov duab kos rau cov khoom siv zoo nkauj "Asian Bazaar" thiab "Picking Fruits", uas dai rau Kazansky railway chaw nres tsheb hauv Moscow. Kuznetsov-decorator ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm monumental art.

Kev ua yeeb yam tom qab xyoo 1917

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, Pavel Varfolomeevich Kuznetsov ua haujlwm hauv ntu kos duab ntawm Moscow City Council, koom nrog kev tsim cov hnub so. Nyob rau hauv 1918 nws tau raug xaiv los mus rau lub Collegium ntawm cov tib neeg lub Commissariat ntawm kev kawm ntawv, nws pib qhia nyob rau hauv kos duab rhiav. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub monumental Rhiav los ntawm 1920 mus 1927 thiab tau txais lub title ntawm professor, thiab los ntawm 1927 mus rau 1929 nws lectured ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub fresco-monumental department ntawm painting kws qhia ntawv ntawm VKhUTEIN.

Kuznetsov koom nrog kev nthuav qhia nrog nws cov haujlwm. Xyoo 1923, hauv Fab Kis, nws tau koom nrog hauv Barbasange Gallery. Nyob rau hauv 1924, Kuznetsov sau lub Parisian comedians. Nyob rau hauv daim duab, qhov zoo nkauj laconism ntawm style poob nthav tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nthuav qhia, picturesque, muaj yeeb yuj manifestation.

Hauv xyoo 1929 tus kws kos duab tau txais lub npe ntawm Honoured Artist ntawm RSFSR. Nws tus kheej exhibitions tau tuav nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Moscow: lub Tretyakov Gallery thiabState Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nthuav qhia hauv Paris (1937), Kuznetsov lub vaj huam sib luag "Lub Neej ntawm Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb" tau txais txiaj ntsig nyiaj.

Txoj haujlwm tom ntej thiab zaum kawg ntawm tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm poob rau lub sijhawm txij li 20s lig txog rau thaum ntxov 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Nws pleev xim rau cov duab hauv qab no: "Portrait of the sculptor AT. Matveev", "niam", "paj sorting", "Pushball".

xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej

Tus tswv ua neej nyob ntev, mus txog hnub laus. Ntau tus ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, uas nws kawm thiab ua haujlwm, dhau mus, thiab nws tseem sau mus txog thaum nws tuag. Nws tej hauj lwm kawg yog tseem muaj sia nyob thiab toj roob hauv pes. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov duab kos los ntawm cov kws kos duab tau ua tsis zoo hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv rau nws cov haujlwm thaum ntxov, tab sis lawv tau ua rau lawv muaj tswv yim ntev.

Pavel Varfolomeevich Kuznetsov tuag hauv 1968 thaum Lub Ob Hlis 22 hauv Moscow. Nws tej hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv lub tas mus li exhibition ntawm kos duab tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab lub Tretyakov Gallery. Nyob rau hauv Saratov, nyob rau hauv lub homeland ntawm Kuznetsov, lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej kuj muaj ib tug mus tas li exhibition ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Tus kws kos duab tau tso nws lub cim rau kev kos duab ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab pictorial symbolism.