Poet Eduard Bagritsky: biography, creativity, yees duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Eduard Bagritsky (nws lub npe tiag tiag yog Dzyuban (Dzyubin)) yog tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias, tus kws sau nkauj thiab tus txhais lus. Nws yug hauv Odessa. Nws tsev neeg yog neeg Yudais, bourgeois. Nws muaj kev cai dab qhuas muaj zog. Eduard Bagritsky, uas nws daim duab koj yuav pom nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, tau kawm nyob rau hauv 1905-10 ntawm Odessa Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm St. Paul. Tom qab ntawd, nws txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm xyoo 1910-12, nyob ntawm Khersonskaya Street (Odessa), lub tsev kawm ntawv tiag tiag. Zhukovsky. Raws li tus tsim qauv, Eduard tau koom nrog hauv kev tshaj tawm cov ntawv xov xwm hu ua "Hnub ntawm Peb Lub Neej". Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1913-15, tus kws sau paj huam yav tom ntej tau kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tshawb fawb av, tab sis nws tsis tau ua haujlwm los ntawm txoj haujlwm.

Ntawm Ntawv Sau

Eduard Bagritsky pib tshaj tawm paj huam xyoo 1915. Thiab tsis nyob hauv nws lub npe. Nws tam sim ntawd coj lub npe Bagritsky. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj paub nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam daim npog qhov ncauj, kos npe rau nws compositions "Nina Voskresenskaya". Nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm thawj zaug nyob rau hauv Odessa sau ntawv almanacs. Eduard tsis ntev los no tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas sau ntawv ntawm Odessa, uas tom qab ntawd los ua cov kws sau ntawv loj (YuriOlesha, Valentin Kataev, Ilya Ilf, Semyon Kirsanov, Lev Slavin, Vera Inber).

Koom nrog Tub Rog Liab, ua haujlwm hauv Odessa

Thaum Tsov Rog Pej Xeem (hauv xyoo 1918) nws tau ua haujlwm pub dawb rau Tub Rog Liab. Eduard tau ua haujlwm hauv ib pawg neeg tshwj xeeb. Tag nrho-Lavxias teb sab Central Executive Committee, nyob rau hauv lub nom tswv department. Nws sau paj huam propaganda. Tom qab tsov rog, Edward ua haujlwm hauv Odessa. Ntawm no nws pib koom tes ua tus kws kos duab thiab kws sau paj huam hauv YugROSTA ua ke nrog V. Narbut, Yu. Olesha, V. Kataev, S. Bondarin. Eduard Bagritsky tau luam tawm hauv ntau cov ntawv xov xwm Odessa, nrog rau cov ntawv xov xwm lom zem. Nws twb paub nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym "Rabkor Gortsev", "Nina Voskresenskaya" thiab "Ib tug Vasya".

Tsiv mus rau Moscow, qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj sau cov paj huam

Bagritsky tuaj rau Moscow hauv xyoo 1925. Nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm "Pass", ib pab pawg neeg sau ntawv zoo. Ib xyoos tom qab, Edward txiav txim siab los koom nrog cov neeg tsim kho.

Thawj phau ntawv ntawm nws cov paj huam tau luam tawm xyoo 1928 ("Southwest"). "Southwest" tau luam tawm xyoo 1928. Feem ntau ntawm cov paj huam los ntawm phau ntawv no tau sau thiab luam tawm thawj zaug hauv Odessa: "Autumn", "Patermelon", "Til Ulenspiegel". Phau ntawv no suav nrog Bagritsky zaj paj huam "Lub Xav txog Opanas", nrog rau nws cov paj huam nto moo tshaj plaws "Smugglers". Cov ntawv sau tom ntej, Winners, tau luam tawm xyoo 1932. Tib lub sijhawm, phau ntawv "Hmo Kawg" kuj tau luam tawm. Tus kws sau paj huam tau koom nrog RAPP xyoo 1930. Nwsnyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv lub "Lub tsev ntawm sau ntawv 'Cooperative" ntawm Kamergersky txoj kab, tsev 2.

Xav txog Opasan

Nyob rau hauv nws zaj paj huam "Kev xav txog Opanas" qhov kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim ntawm Opanas, ib tug me nyuam tub los ntawm Ukraine, uas npau suav ntawm ib tug nyob ntsiag to peasant lub neej nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws, yog qhia; thiab Iosif Kogan, ib tug neeg Yudais commissar uas txhawb nqa qhov "siab dua" qhov tseeb thiab muaj nuj nqis ntawm lub ntiaj teb kiv puag ncig. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg, txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Edward, thaum lub sijhawm "kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cosmopolitanism", zaj paj huam no tau tshaj tawm tias "Zionist ua haujlwm" hauv ib tsab xov xwm hnub tim 30 Lub Xya Hli 1949, luam tawm hauv Literary Gazette. Lub "Duma txog Opanas" kuj yog ib qho kev hais lus phem tawm tsam cov neeg Ukrainian.

tus kheej zoo ntawm tus kws sau paj huam

Eduard Bagritsky yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Muaj txawm tias cov dab neeg hais txog nws. Lub cim xeeb zoo kawg nkaus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam khaws ntau cov kab lus poetic. Nws lub siab paub tsis muaj kev cia siab, thiab kev ua siab zoo tau sov siab tshaj li ib tus kws sau paj huam hauv xyoo 1920 thiab 1930s. Bagritsky yog ib tus thawj coj uas tau sau tseg cov txuj ci ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas L. Oshanin, Ya. Smelyakov, Dm. Kedrin, A. Tvardovsky. Aspiring poets cia maj nrawm rau nws nrog kev thov kom mloog thiab ntsuas lawv cov haujlwm.

Bagritsky-neeg txhais lus

Eduard Bagritsky tsis yog tus kws sau paj huam zoo xwb. Nws tseem tuaj yeem hu ua tus kws txhais lus zoo ntawm W alter Scott thiab Thomas Good, Nazim Hikmet thiab Joe Hill, Vladimir Sosyura thiab Mikola Bazhan, Robert Burns.

Kev xav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev coj cwj pwm ntawm kev coj noj coj ua

Bagritsky yog tus tswv,uas tau khoom plig nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj kev xav. Nws txais lub kiv puag ncig. Cov paj huam romantic ntawm Bagritsky tau qhuas txog kev tsim kho ntawm communism. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Edward mob siab sim ua kom pom tseeb hauv nws lub qhov muag qhov kev lim hiam ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tiav tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv 1929 nws sau paj huam "TVS". Nyob rau hauv nws, lig Felix Dzerzhinsky tshwm sim rau lub siab xav thiab mob tus sau, uas tau hais txog lub xyoo pua tom ntej hais tias yog nws hais tias "dag", koj yuav tsum ua nws. Thiab yog hais tias tua yuav tsum ua li no.

xyoo tas los ntawm lub neej, Bagritsky lub ntees tuag

Bagritsky tus mob hawb pob hnyav zuj zus txij thaum pib xyoo 1930. Nws raug tus kab mob no txij thaum yau. Nyob rau hauv 1934, nyob rau lub Ob Hlis 16, nws tuag nyob rau hauv Moscow, kev txom nyem los ntawm mob ntsws nyob rau hauv lub thib plaub lub sij hawm. Tus kws sau paj lug tau faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas Novodevichy. Ib pawg tub rog tub rog tub rog ua raws nws lub hleb nrog rab ntaj kos.

paj huam "Lub Ob Hlis"

Paj huam "Lub Ob Hlis", luam tawm tom qab kev tuag ntawm Eduard Bagritsky, tseem ua rau muaj kev sib cav ntau heev. Qhov no, ib tug yuav hais tias, yog kev lees txim ntawm ib tug neeg Yudais cov hluas uas yog ib tug koom nyob rau hauv lub kiv puag ncig. Anti-Semitic publicists pheej sau hais tias tus hero ntawm paj huam, raping ib tug niam ntiav, uas yog nws gymnasium hlub, nyob rau hauv nws lub ntsej muag ua phem rau tag nrho cov ntawm Russia, yog li ua pauj kev txaj muag ntawm nws "cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis muaj tsev nyob." Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau hais txog version ntawm paj huam yog kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm nws feem. Txoj hauj lwm no yog hais txog ib tug neeg Yudais tsev kawm ntawv theem siab uas tau los ua ib tug txiv neej tom qab dhau mus thawjntiaj teb tsov rog thiab kiv puag ncig. Cov neeg laib raug ntes los ntawm tus thawj coj kuj tseem muaj tsawg kawg yog ob feem peb ntawm cov neeg Yudais. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm cov npe ntawm nws cov neeg koom - Petka Kambala, Semka Rabinovich thiab Monya Brilliantshchik.

Txoj hmoo ntawm tus poj niam thiab tus tub ntawm Eduard Bagritsky

Eduard Bagritsky sib yuav xyoo 1920. Nws tus kheej lub neej yog txwv rau ib txoj kev sib yuav. Edward nyob nrog Lydia Gustavovna Suok txog thaum nws tuag. Tus poj ntsuam tus kws sau paj lug raug tsim txom nyob rau hauv 1937. Nws rov qab los ntawm tsev loj cuj tsuas yog xyoo 1956. Vsevolod, tus tub ntawm Eduard, tuag nyob rau hauv 1942 nyob rau pem hauv ntej.

Qhov no tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo li Eduard Bagritsky. Cov biography uas tau sau tseg hauv tsab xov xwm no tsuas yog muab lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm nws. Qhov seem yuav hais los ntawm nws cov paj huam, uas peb pom zoo hais txog.