Bronze sculptures: cas lawv cam khwb cia, duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Bronze sculpture yog ib feem ntawm cov décor thiab ib tug masterpiece ntawm tus tswv. Raws li thaum ntxov xyoo pua 3rd BC, bronze sculptures thiab nkoj tau ua nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Mesopotamia. Daim duab kos duab tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no thiab, txawm tias nws qhov qub txeeg qub teg, yog qhov nrov heev nyob rau xyoo pua 21st.

History of bronze items

Thaum pib, cov cuab yeej zoo tib yam thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau ua los ntawm tooj liab, thiab tsuas yog ntev tom qab ntawd lawv pib ua cov duab kos.

Thaum xub thawj, cov cuab yeej tau ua los ntawm kev siv txias forging. Tab sis rau kev lag luam, cov khoom no tau dhau los ua tsis yooj yim. Tin tau ntxiv rau tooj liab thiab muaj zog hlau, tooj liab, tau txais. Nws teb tau zoo dua rau kev ua kom ntse thiab ua pov thawj tias muaj zog ntau dua.

Tib neeg tsim thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kub hnyiab tau sim, uas tau txais kev pabcuam raws li qhov pib ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv kos duab.

Bronze sculptures pib tshwm nyob rau xyoo pua 5 BC. Lawv nrum cov thawj coj, cov mlom ntawm poj niam lub cev, cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj thiab noog.

Achaeologists tseem tab tom nrhiav pom cov khoom pov thawj thaum ub, ua tsaug rau qhov kev paub yav dhau los nthuav dav.

Antique bronze sculptures react nyob rau hauv ib qho nthuav txoj kev mus rau lub ntws ntawm lub teeb rays. Bronze reflects lub teeb nrog meej ntse reflections. Cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom zoo li no yog ua raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsos thiab txawv cov duab tsaus ntuj.

Basic nta

Rau tus sculptor, bronze yog ib yam khoom uas guarantees lub durability ntawm nws cov hauj lwm. Txawm tias muaj huab cua sib txawv, bronze sculptures tau khaws cia rau ntau pua xyoo, uas qhia txog nws tus nqi:

• Oxidizing, sculptures yog them nrog txheej nyias hu ua patina, thiab tau txais xim ntawm ntsuab mus rau dub.
• Bronze nthuav vim nws yog cov khoom siv zoo nkauj. Tag nrho cov tooj liab figurines, sculptures, figurines yog daj-liab los yog daj-ntsuab. Cov khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom no qiv lawv tus kheej zoo rau toning, gilding thiab polishing.
• Bronze alloys yog cov khoom kim, lawv minted npib, thiab jewelers ua hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Bronze tsis yog hlau ntshiab, tab sis nrog impurities. Muaj ntau ntau yam sib txawv ntawm bronze.

tooj liab alloys

Cov alloys muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov tin thiab tooj liab. Ib tug niaj hnub bronze muaj 88% tooj liab thiab 12% tin. Muaj alpha bronze. Nws muaj alpha khoom sib xyaw ntawm tin hauv tooj liab. Xws li cov alloys yog siv rau minting npib thiab txhua yam khoom.

Keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias thaum ua lawv cov masterpieces, masters suav nrog lwm cov hlau hauv kev daws nrog tooj liab. Muaj kev sib txuas zoo heev. Bronze sculptures nyob rau hauv daim duab, uas yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, evokeqhuas.

Piv txwv li, Gloucester's candlestick. Cov tooj liab sib xyaw yog sau nrog zinc, tin, lead, npib tsib xee, antimony, arsenic, hlau, thiab nyiaj ntau heev. Feem ntau, cov tswm ciab yog tsim los ntawm cov npib qub.

Nyob hauv lub hnub nyoog Bronze nyob deb, ntau hom tooj liab tau siv los ua cov khoom lag luam:

• Classic - 10% tin, slatted riam phom tau ua.
• Nruab Nrab - 6% tin, ingots dov rau hauv nplooj ntawv, forged armor thiab kaus mom hlau.
• Sculpted bronze - 90% tooj liab thiab 10% tin, siv rau niaj hnub no los tsim masterpieces.

Bronze yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrog rau marble. Tab sis ntau tus txiv neej ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawm tooj liab, uas qhia lub zog thiab lub zog.

Sculpture casting

Bronze sculptures tseem nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj thiab suav tias yog lub cim ntawm kev saj zoo. Cov khoom ntawm bronze ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom loj thiab me, hloov txawm tias cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws.

Cov khoom siv ruaj khov uas tuaj yeem yooj yim minted, cam khwb cia thiab forged tau paub txij li thaum ub Egypt. Cov neeg paub tias bronze sculptures raug cam.

Qhov no ua tiav peb txoj hauv kev:

• Casting mass rau hauv pwm khoob. Ib txoj kev qub heev, lawv siv nws los npaj cov duab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Bronze yog poured rau hauv ib tug hollow pwm, sab laug rau teem, thiab ces tshem tawm.
• Txoj kev casting (lub ntiaj teb pwm txoj kev). Txoj kev tso caisiv cov pwm los ncuav bronze ntau zaus. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no txoj kev uas sculptures tau ua nyob rau hauv ancient Greece. Qhov kev xaiv casting no tau txhim kho thiab tseem siv niaj hnub no. Cov duab puab yog nchuav rau hauv cov khoom sib cais, ces sib sau ua ke thiab ua tiav.
• Casting with wax. Npaj cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv yav tom ntej, siv gypsum, ntoo, av nplaum. Cov txheej txheem tiav yog them nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab sab saum toj nrog silicone roj hmab. Tom qab 5-6 teev, txheej saum toj kawg nkaus hardens, thiab cov roj nplua nyeem tso cai rau nws kom yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm cov roj hmab pwm, ua kom tag nrho cov ntsiab lus me tshaj tsis zoo. Tom ntej no, cov roj hmab pwm yog ua ke nrog ib qho khoom thiab ntim nrog cov kua siv quav ciab. Thaum nws hardens, ib daim ntawv luam ntawm cov khoom tawm los. Ib tug sprue yog txuas rau daim ntawv no, dipped nyob rau hauv ib tug ceramic tov, them nrog pob zeb hmoov thiab muab tso rau hauv ib tug autoclave. Tom qab 10 feeb, lub ceramic yuav harden thiab siv quav ciab yuav kis tau. Tom qab ntawd, muaj kev ua haujlwm nrog daim ntawv ceramic. Tsis pub dhau ob teev ntawm qhov kub ntawm 850 degrees, nws raug rho tawm haujlwm thiab pib casting. Ib qho hlau ntawm bronze, rhuab mus rau 1140 degrees, yog poured los ntawm sprue mus rau hauv ib tug ceramic pwm. Lub alloy hardens tom qab lub sij hawm luv luv. Cov pwm raug rhuav tshem thiab cov duab puab bronze tiav lawm.

Ntxiv rau kev nruam, tus mlom tooj liab tuaj yeem raug hammered tawm ntawm daim hlau.

Embossing Sculpture

Hom kev tsim cov khoom siv tooj liab no hu ua repoussé. Ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, ib daim ntawv hlau yog softened, nrog rauj tshuab rau sab hauv, qhov yuav tsum tau bulge yog muab, maj mam, tshuab los ntawm tshuab, cov qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug masterpiece tshwm. Tus tswv yuav tsum muaj keeb kwm zoo ntawm kev xyaum thiabdexterity.

Tinting, patination thiab oxidation

Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv tooj liab, vim muaj qee yam kev kho tshuaj, cov xim tiv thaiv txheej yog tsim. Yog hais tias tus bronze figurine me me, ces nws yog dipped rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog ib tug tov nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Cov duab puab loj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ua nrog txhuam, ua npuas ncauj roj hmab thiab daim txhuam cev. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov khoom, thiab kom tsis txhob muaj cov quav hniav ntawm nws, tom qab ntxuav thiab ziab cov txheej txheem, rub nws nrog ib daim ntaub ntub dej kom qhuav.

Tam sim no cov khoom siv tooj liab tau txais lawv cov koob meej. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, koj yuav nrhiav tau masterfully ua figurines thiab figurines, nyob rau hauv uas lub mus ob peb vas thiab txhua yam me me yog conveyed. Lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua ib feem ntawm sab hauv zoo nkauj.