Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky: Lub Pentateuch

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub tswv yim ntawm "Pentateuch" rov qab mus rau Vajluskub thiab txhais tau tias tsib phau ntawv - tsib ntu, qhov tseem ceeb uas rau noob neej yog qhov nyuaj rau kev kwv yees, vim tias lawv yog qhov pib ntawm Vajtswv kev tshwm sim rau tib neeg. Tab sis dab tsi yog " tsib phau ntawv zoo ntawm Dostoevsky"? Peb nkag siab ua ke nws lub luag haujlwm thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Dostoevsky thiab qhov tseeb

Ua ntej peb pib tham txog cov dab neeg uas Dostoevsky sau (Pentateuch), Kuv xav hais ob peb lo lus hais txog tus cwj pwm ntawm tus sau. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis kam lees lub teev ntawm daim duab ntawm Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Nws txoj haujlwm tau ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb pom ntawm linguists, sau ntawv thuam, philosophers, psychologists, filmmakers thiab ntau lwm tus rau ib puas thiab tsib caug xyoo. Tag nrho cov no hais txog kev txawj ntse ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, tab sis ntau dua - tias txog niaj hnub no qee qhov zais cia ntawm nws tus cwj pwm, tus ntsuj plig, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov lus, tsis tau nthuav tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob tawm mus, vim tias nws muaj qhov tseeb, qhov saum toj kawg nkaus, zoo li lub pob zeb ntab ntab,qhib rau lub qhov muag, thiab qhov underwater yog incomprehensible. Tab sis nws yog precisely nyob rau hauv no incomprehensibility uas lub ntsiab ntawm qhov tseeb thiab lub essence ntawm Dostoevsky dag. Nws, zoo li nws cov lus tsis meej, nkag mus hauv lub siab thiab kev xav, muab ob qho tib si kev txom nyem thiab kev xyiv fab loj tshaj plaws, thiab qhib tib neeg lub siab rau Vajtswv. Tom qab nws, nrog rau tom qab cov phau ntawv ntawm Fyodor Mikhailovich, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab cov dab neeg ntawm Pentateuch, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nyob twj ywm tib yam. Puas yog qhov no tsis yog kev tshwm sim los ntawm Vajtswv?

Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb

Peb txuas ntxiv tham txog tej hauj lwm uas Dostoevsky sau (Pentateuch). Cov dab neeg no muaj dab tsi sib xws? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv tau sau ib tug tom qab lwm nyob rau hauv lub xeem lub sij hawm ntawm tus sau lub neej los ntawm 1866 txog 1880. Ntxiv mus, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lawv yog raws li ob lub tswv yim - Vajtswv thiab Russia. Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias Fyodor Mikhailovich tsis tau hais txog cov lus nug no ua ntej. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws tau ris lawv lub sijhawm ntev, "kev cuam tshuam", tshawb nrhiav cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv cov lus qhia, txog thaum kawg, "Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev rau txim" tshwm sim - thawj phau ntawv hauv koob "The Great Pentateuch of Dostoevsky" (cov npe hauv qab no). Tab sis kev tshawb nrhiav tsis nres ntawd. Ib tug kws sau ntawv zoo tig mus thiab taug kev hauv lwm qhov kev taw qhia. Yog li ntawd, ib qho tshiab tshiab, The Idiot, tau luam tawm. Dostoevsky nws tus kheej tau hais tias nws tsis txaus siab rau nws cov ntawv tshiab, txij li nws tsis tau nthuav tawm txawm tias ib feem kaum ntawm qhov uas tau sau hauv nws tus plig. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm nws tsis kam lees, thiab hlub nws, thiab nrhiav kev zoo tag nrho …

New trip

Peb txuas ntxiv cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv suav nrog Dostoevsky's Pentateuch, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim. ATNyob rau hauv 1872, tus tshiab "Dab Ntxwg Nyoog" tau tshwm sim, uas tus kws sau ntawv muaj kev cia siab siab. Hauv nws, nws xav pom tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij rau nws lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Tom qab ntawd, txoj haujlwm no yuav raug suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov lus ceeb toom tshiab, cov lus qhia txog yav tom ntej, uas, hmoov tsis, yuav muaj tseeb.

Ntxiv mus, cov ntawv tshiab Tus Hluas (1875) tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv journal Otechestvennye Zapiski. Thiab ua tiav cov koob uas Dostoevsky tau sau (Pentateuch), qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj zog ua haujlwm - "Cov Kwv Tij Karamazov" (1880). Nws ua hauj lwm rau nws ob xyoos ntev, thiab nyob rau hauv nws, raws li kev sau ntawv critics, nws embodied ib lub tswv yim - cov theem ntawm "kev loj hlob ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug neeg." Raws li tus kws sau ntawv, txhua tus neeg, thiab Dostoevsky yog tsis muaj kev zam, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los yog lwm qhov mus los ntawm peb theem ua tiav ntawm tus kheej tsim - immaturity (Dmitry), tsis lees paub Vajtswv (Ivan), siab sab ntsuj plig (Alyosha).

Cov cim tseem ceeb

Dostoevsky yog leej twg? Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov koob sau los ntawm Dostoevsky (Pentateuch) yog cov neeg zoo tib yam siv zog rau kev zoo siab. Tab sis tsis zoo li Pushkin thiab Gogol "tus txiv neej me", cov tswv av, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov nom tswv muaj zog thiab kev txiav txim siab los hloov lawv tus kheej thiab lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig. Kev zoo siab hauv lawv txoj kev nkag siab tsis yog kev txaus siab nyob rau ib ntus, tsis yog kev txaus siab ntawm ib tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb kev xav tau, kev xav thiab kev ntshaw, tab sis kev tshawb nrhiav rau kev zoo siab thoob ntiaj teb, tag nrho ntawm txhua tus neeg. Feem ntau ntawm qhov kev siv zog no lawv ua yuam kev, ua txhaum Vajtswv txoj cai. Tiamsis kev rau txim thiab kev hloov siab lees txim yog yam uas yuav zam tsis tau. Kev ntxuav yog tsis xav txog yam tsis muaj kev khav theeb, tsis muaj kev tsis lees paub ntawm tus kheej "Kuv", kev tua neeg ntawm tus kheej "Napoleon" thiab kev txo hwj chim tom qab. Ntau tus neeg thuam thuam tus kws sau ntawv rau kev ua phem heev rau nws "cov pawg ntseeg", uas nws raug tsim txom thiab "tsis tsim nyog" tsim txom. Txawm li cas los xij, Fyodor Mikhailovich, muaj nws tus kheej tau ntsib qhov hnyav ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab hloov siab lees txim, thov nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg ntawm Pentateuch tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev rau qhov tseeb, kev cawmdim yog ua tsis tau. Nws tsis yog tus tsim ntawm sab ntsuj plig txoj cai ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm tus Cawm Seej nws tus kheej, thiab nws tsuas yog ua rau neeg nco txog lawv xwb.