2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Edward Lear (1812 - 1888) yog tus kws kos duab Askiv, kws ntaus nkauj thiab kws sau paj huam uas txuas ntxiv cov lus Askiv pej xeem kev lig kev cai ntawm luv "tsis muaj qab hau" paj huam.
Cov lus qhia luv luv ntawm thaum yau thiab hluas
Lear tsev neeg loj, ib tug txawm hais tias loj. Edward Lear yog tus yau tshaj. Thaum muaj plaub xyoos, nws raug coj los ntawm nws tus muam Ann, uas yog nees nkaum ib xyoos laus dua nws. Ann los ua nws niam thiab nyob nrog nws mus txog thaum nws tuag, thaum nws muaj 50 xyoo. Txij thaum hluas, nws yuav tsum tau khwv tau nyiaj. Nws thawj zaug kos cov cim thiab tshaj tawm, tom qab ntawd pib ua cov duab kos rau cov phau ntawv tsiaj txhu.
Nws kos suav suav tsis txheeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws muaj ntau hom parrots. Lear tau tsim los ua tus kws sau ntawv loj heev. Thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm nws cov xim dej nrog parrots tuaj thaum tus kws kos duab muaj 19 xyoo.
At Knowsley Hall
Lub Earl ntawm Derby khaws cia ib tug loj menagerie ntawm nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Nws nyiam txoj kev xav ntawm kev tshaj tawm ib phau ntawv txog nws. Thaum 21 xyoos, Edward Lear tau raug caw kom kos duab tsiaj, thiab nrhiav pom nws lub peev xwm, uas tau dhau los ua hnub so rau txhua tus menyuam yaus.ncig.
Nws kos duab rau lawv nrog cov paj huam lom zem.
Cov kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo
Edward Lear siv plaub xyoos rau kev suav cov cuab yeej cuab tam, tab sis nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo. Nws tus kheej yog ib tug neeg zoo nkauj thiab tsis yooj yim sua. Nws muaj lub ntsws tsis muaj zog, bronchitis thiab mob hawb pob tas li thab nws, ntxiv rau, nws raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qaug dab peg. Nws kawm los cia siab tias nws haum thiab ib txwm so haujlwm.
Dhau li ntawd, nws muaj kev nyuaj siab. Tag nrho ua ke, tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub ntsws, coj cov kws kho mob rau lub tswv yim tias lub caij ntuj no ntawm 1847-1848 yuav yog nws qhov kawg yog tias nws tsis tawm hauv tebchaws Askiv. Qhov no yog li cas Edward Lear tau tawm hauv nws lub tebchaws thiab tsiv mus rau qhov chaw sov dua, meej dua, mus rau Ltalis.
Ltalis thiab lwm lub tebchaws
Nyob hauv lub teb chaws sov no, nws pib pleev xim rau toj roob hauv pes. Edward muag nws cov duab kos thiab cov xim dej rau ob tus tib neeg thiab cov tsev tshaj tawm, vim hais tias nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd muaj kev txaus siab rau thaj av deb, tab sis tseem tsis tau muaj duab. Thiab muaj cov phau ntawv qhia txog kev mus ncig.
Txawm tias nws muaj mob, nws tau dhau los ua tus neeg nyiam taug kev. Tus kws kos duab tau mus ncig thoob plaws hauv Mediterranean, tag nrho cov Islands tuaj ntawm Aegean, Tim Nkij teb chaws, Ltalis, Palestine, nyob rau Mount Athos, hauv Egypt. Nws txawm ua rau Is Nrias teb thiab Ceylon.
Thiab los ntawm txhua qhov chaw Lear coj ntau tus duab kos thiab luam tawm phau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1846, ib qho kev piav qhia taug kev los ntawm Ltalis tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv ob ntim. Thaum ntawd nws muaj 34 xyoos. Thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws thawj phau ntawv tsis muaj dab tsi tawm tuaj. Nws yog xws li ib phau ntawv sau tsis tshua muaj uas nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv Britishtsev qiv ntawv. Nws yog, raws li lawv hais, nyeem tawm, yog li nws tau ua tiav.
Thiab tib lub xyoo, tus huab tais Askiv tau nyiam nws. Nws hais kom Edward Lear qhia nws kos duab. Thiab nws tau muab 12 zaj lus qhia rau poj huab tais, uas tseem hluas: nws tsis tau nyob hauv lub zwm txwv tau kaum xyoo (nws tau nce lub zwm txwv hauv 1837). Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias nws cov duab kos tau zoo dua txij li Lear cov chav kawm.
Nws ib txwm khaws lub siab xav kos. Nws txawm piav txog Tennyson cov paj huam.
Limericks
Lawv yog dab tsi? Puas yog Edward Lear paj huam raug teeb tsa? Nws tsis tau tsim Limericks nws tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho qub lus Askiv. Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv qub uas rov qab mus rau cov nkauj ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Lawv tsis tsuas yog hu nkauj xwb, tab sis lawv kuj seev cev hauv Shakespeare lub sijhawm thiab tom qab ntawd. Lawv raug muag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv luam ntawm cov fairs thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev, feem ntau nrog sau ntawv. Limerick muaj tsib kab. Ob qhov ntev thiab ob luv luv, thiab qhov kawg yog ntev dua. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog raws li nram no:
- Kev tawm. Tus txiv neej laus hauv nroog "N"
- Action. Nws tawg dab tsi, tus yawg laus ntawd.
- Qhov tshwm sim. Nws hais li cas rau nws, nws teb li cas, lossis ua li cas rau nws.
"Tub huabtais los ntawm Nepal". Thawj ob kab piav qhia txog kev tawm ntawm tus tub huabtais ntawm lub steamer. Qhov kev txiav txim yog tias nws poob ntawm lub steamer. Thiab qhov tshwm sim thiab qhov xaus yog qhov yooj yim - dab tsi tau poob lawm. Qhov ntawd yog lub teb chaws Embassy. Txhua limerick tau nrog cov duab kos los ntawm tus sau.
Thiab ntawm no yog "Tus Neeg Laus ntawm Ciam Tebchaws", uas tau dhia seev cev nrog miv thiab haus tshuaj yej los ntawm lub kaus mom. Nws tsis muaj ntsiab lus rov hais dua. Thiab daim duab rau nws tau dhau los ua classic, zoo li tag nrho Lear cov keeb kwm.
Dab tsi yog qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm limerick heroes?
Ib tug limerick hero tuaj yeem ua tej yam ruam thiab ua nws txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis nws raug khi los ntawm cov lus sib dhos thiab cov cai ntawm kev ua si uas nws tau ua. Dab tsi ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim hauv cov limericks?
Ntawm no, ntxiv rau tus txiv neej laus uas ua yam tsis zoo, kuj muaj cov neeg txawj ntse uas nyob ib puag ncig, raws li txoj cai, tsis nyiam nws ua. Lawv muab nws ntiab tawm, ntiab nws tawm hauv lawv lub nroog, thuam nws thiab txawm ntaus nws xwb.
Aldous Huxley sau tau zoo heev txog qhov no: nws yog hais txog lawv, txog lwm tus, uas peb tab tom tham txog thawj qhov chaw. Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas xav tsis thoob txog lawv, lawv yog kev cai lij choj, txawm hais tias nqaim. Lawm, lawv xav tsis thoob qhov tus txiv neej no ua dab tsi. Cov neeg nug cov lus nug uas yuav zoo li tsis tsim nyog. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, limericks tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li lub sijhawm ntawm kev tawm tsam nyob mus ib txhis ntawm tus neeg txawj ntse lossis ib qho eccentric nrog cov txheeb ze thiab lwm tus. Nov yog qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag hauv limericks.
Ntawm no yog daim duab ntawm tus kheej ntawm Lear nrog tus neeg tsis paub uas lees tias tsis muaj Lear.
Edward Lear qhia nws lub hauv paus ntawm nws lub kaus mom nrog nws lub npe ntawm nws.
Edward Lear: kev muaj tswv yim
Edward Lear tau sau ntau lub limmericks hauv nws lub neej. Nws cov phau ntawv kuj suav nrog cov nkauj thiab ballads. Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm nws cov ballad thiab limerick tib lub sijhawm. Nws hu ua Table and Chair. Ua hauj lwm zoo li prose, tab sis khaws cov lus sib dhos.
lub rooj zaum qubhais rau lub rooj hais tias: “Kuv nkees ntawm sawv ntawm lub ces kaum, kuv nkees ntawm kaw lub neej dull. Nws tsw ntxhiab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov sab nraum lub qhov rais, peb yuav khiav nrog koj ua ke: rustle raws boulevards, ua pa ntawm cov cua tshiab. Lub rooj teb lub rooj zaum: "Kuv, kwv tij, yuav nrog koj mus, tab sis kuv tsis yog tus tswv ntawm kev taug kev, kuv paub yuav ua li cas sawv." "Tsis muaj dab tsi," lub rooj zaum hais tias, "Kuv tseem yuav siv sijhawm, vim nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas peb tau txais ob txhais ceg, muaj zog thiab zoo dua." Qhov ntawd yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb! Nov yog qhov xav tsis thoob: lub rooj thiab lub rooj zaum poob qis thiab hobbled ua ke, tsis paub meej thaum xub thawj. Thiab tom qab ntawd sai dua, nrawm dua dhau lub khw thiab cov tsev teev ntuj galloped zoo li nees, gallop thiab gallop. Tab sis dhau ntawm tus dej, dhau ntawm tus choj, lawv pib xav tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej. Nws yog qhov zoo tig mus tsev, tab sis qhov twg, txoj kev tsis paub! "Duck, os, nyob zoo phooj ywg, ib tug nas nyob rau hauv cov nyom thiab ib tug kab dub, qhia peb txoj kev ncaj, coj peb mus tsev." Ib tug duck nrog ib tug nas thiab ib tug kab coj lawv ncaj nraim mus rau lub tsev, qhov chaw noj hmo tos lawv. Nkawv pib noj qe qe, plab plab, hu nkauj thiab tso dag, seev cev kom txog thaum lawv poob, yuav ib tug os.
Qhov kev zoo nkauj no xav tsis thoob.
Lear's musicality
Edward Lear yog tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo. Nws tau hlub, nws ua phooj ywg ntau nyob txhua qhov chaw. Nws zaum ntawm lub piano (los ntawm txoj kev, tsis muaj leej twg qhia nws, Lear qhia nws tus kheej) thiab pib ua ntau yam nkauj, piv txwv li, rau nqe ntawm Alfred Tennyson, tus kws sau paj huam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntxiv mus, Tennyson nws tus kheej, ib tug txiv neej uas tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tsaus muag, tau lees paub tias ntawm tag nrho cov suab paj nruag ntawm nws cov paj huam, nws tsuas hnov Lear cov nkauj xwb, txhua yam tsis zoo.
Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Lear tau nyob hauv ib lub villa hauv San Remo. Nws yeej tsis tau sib yuav, tau nyob tag nrho nws lub neej raws li ib tug bachelor. Nyob ntawd EdwardNws tuag thiab raug faus rau ntawd, hauv San Remo. Edward Lear tau ua neej nyob nrog kev ua haujlwm thiab mus ncig. Biography ntawm peb qhov kev nthuav qhia dhau lawm.
Pom zoo:
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Poets hais txog paj huam thiab quotes txog paj huam
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv txoj hmoo thiab lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj huam? Paj huam txhais li cas rau lawv? Lawv sau dab tsi thiab xav txog nws? Puas yog nws ua haujlwm lossis kos duab rau lawv? Puas nyuaj ua ib tug kws sau paj lug, thiab txhais li cas los ua ib tug kws sau paj huam? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no hauv kab lus. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no yuav muab rau koj los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam lawv tus kheej hauv lawv cov haujlwm
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
Paj huam yav tsaus ntuj. Cov paj huam ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam
Tus nqi paj huam yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate. Nws tsis tuag txawm tias nws tsis raug tso cai los tsim kho, txwv tsis pub, raug tsim txom, thaum tus kws sau paj huam nrhiav tsis tau ib qho chaw hauv nws Leej Txiv. Thaum cov neeg tsim tawm mus, nws tseem nyob thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg nyeem cov kab lus poetic. Tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam yog ib tug tiag tiag kev nplij siab rau tus ntsuj plig
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm