Symphony orchestra. Kev sib xyaw ntawm symphony orchestra los ntawm pawg

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

A symphony orchestra yog ib pab pawg neeg ntaus suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam ntau yam. Raws li txoj cai, lub repertoire suav nrog suab paj nruag ntawm Western European kev lig kev cai. Dab tsi yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm symphony orchestra? Nws txawv ntawm lwm pawg suab paj nruag li cas? Xav paub ntau ntxiv tom qab.

suab paj nruag symphony orchestra los ntawm pawg

Plaub pawg ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau koom nrog hauv kev sib koom ua ke niaj hnub. Qhov twg yuav tsum pib xav txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm symphony orchestra? Cov cuab yeej ntaus suab paj nruag yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv qhov sib txawv, cov khoom muaj zog, lub suab nrov thiab lub suab nrov.

Qhia lub hauv paus yog suav tias yog cov kws ntaus nkauj ua si. Lawv tus lej yog kwv yees li 2/3 ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Lub symphony orchestra suav nrog ob tus bassists, cellists, violinists, thiab violists. Raws li txoj cai, cov hlua ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev pib suab paj nruag.

Pab pawg tom ntej yog woodwinds. Cov no muaj xws li bassoons, clarinets, oboes, flutes. Txhua tus ntawminstruments tus kheej. Hauv kev sib piv nrog cov cuab yeej bowed, woodwinds tsis muaj qhov dav thiab ntau yam hauv kev ua tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj lub zog ntau dua, ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo nrog lub suab compact.

Symphony orchestra kuj suav nrog cov twj paj nruag cua. Cov no muaj xws li trumpets, trombones, tubas, horns. Ua tsaug rau lawv lub xub ntiag, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov suab paj nruag ua rau muaj zog dua, vim lawv ua raws li kev sib dhos thiab bass thaj tsam.

Txoj hlua

Lub violin suav tias yog lub suab nrov tshaj plaws. Cov cuab yeej no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nplua nuj technical thiab nthuav tawm tau. Lub violin feem ntau muab cov lus nyuaj thiab nrawm, ntau yam trills, suab paj nruag thiab dhia dav, tremolo.

Lwm txoj hlua yog lub viola. Txoj kev ua si nws zoo ib yam li violin. Nws feem ntau lees paub tias viola yog me ntsis qis dua rau lub violin nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm brightness thiab brilliance ntawm timbre. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, qhov cuab yeej no zoo kawg nkaus qhia cov suab paj nruag ntawm kev npau suav-kev hlub, xwm txheej zoo nkauj.

Lub cello yog ob npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm viola, tab sis nws hneev yog luv dua li viola thiab violin. Cov cuab yeej no belongs rau qeb "ko taw": nws yog nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv caug, so rau hauv pem teb nrog ib tug hlau spike.

Ob chav ntses bass thaj tsam loj dua - koj yuav tsum ua si nws zaum ntawm lub qhov quav lossis sawv. Qhov ntsuas no zoo heev rau kev ua si nrawm nrawm. Ob chav ntses bass thaj tsam tsim lub hauv paus rau lub suab ntawm cov hlua, ua si qhov chawbass suab. Feem ntau nws yog ib feem ntawm jazz orchestra.

woodwinds

Npauj npaim yog ib qho cuab yeej cuab tam qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no. Thawj qhov hais txog nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm Egypt, Rome, Greece. Ntawm txhua qhov woodwinds, woodwind flute yog suav tias yog cov cuab yeej txawb tshaj plaws, thiab hauv nws txoj kev tsim txiaj, nws deb tshaj qhov seem.

Oboe suav hais tias tsis muaj hnub qub. Qhov ntsuas no tshwj xeeb hauv qhov ntawd, vim qhov peculiarities ntawm nws cov qauv tsim, nws tsis poob nws qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho lwm cov "cov koom nrog" qhib rau nws.

Lwm yam khoom nrov nrov yog clarinet. Tsuas yog nws tau nkag mus rau qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub suab. Ua tsaug rau qhov no thiab lwm yam khoom, lub clarinet yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm "suab" uas ua rau cov tooj dag.

Nruas. Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Xav txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm symphony orchestra los ntawm pab pawg, cov twj paj nruag percussion yuav tsum raug sau tseg. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog kev sib dhos. Nrog rau qhov no, lawv tsim lub suab nrov nrov tom qab, kho kom zoo nkauj thiab ntxiv cov palette ntawm cov suab paj nruag nrog ntau yam teebmeem. Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub suab, cov twj paj nruag percussion tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom. Thawj suav nrog cov uas muaj qee lub suab. Cov no yog timpani, tswb, xylophone thiab lwm yam. Hom thib ob suav nrog cov twj paj nruag uas tsis muaj suab nrov. Cov no suav nrog, tshwj xeeb, cymbals, nruas, tambourine, daim duab peb sab.

Kev piav qhia

Qub qub txeeg qub teg, zoo li qee yam cuab yeej tau piav saum toj no, yog timpani. Lawv tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws: Tim Nkij teb chaws, Africa, ntawm Scythians. Tsis zoo li lwm yam khoom siv tawv, timpani muaj qee qhov suab.

Cymbals yog cov hlau puag ncig loj. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw lawv yog me ntsis convex - nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no cov hlua yog tsau kom tus neeg ua yeeb yam tuav tau nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes. Lawv ua si sawv ntsug - qhov no yog li cas suab kis tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv huab cua. Ib tug symphony orchestra feem ntau muaj xws li ib tug khub ntawm cymbals.

Xylophone yog ib yam khoom qub qub. Ntoo blocks ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv yog siv los ua lub suab nrov. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias xylophone feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem orchestra. Lub suab uas ntoo thaiv ua yog ntse, nyem, "qhuav". Qee lub sij hawm lawv ua rau lub siab tsis zoo, tsim cov duab grotesque, txawv txawv. Lub suab paj nruag ntawm pej xeem cov cuab yeej, uas nws muaj xws li tsis tsuas yog ib tug xylophone, feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruas ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb storyline - raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv fairy tales los yog epic episodes.

Brass cua

Tus trumpet yog thawj zaug nkag mus rau opera orchestra. Nws timbre tsis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lyricism. Raws li txoj cai dav dav, trumpets yog suav tias yog cov twj paj nruag nkaus xwb.

Qhov poetic tshaj plaws hauv "collective" yog Fabkis horn. Hauv cov npe qis, nws lub suab nrov me ntsis, thiab nyob rau hauv lub npe siab nws yog nruj heev.

Saxophoneoccupies nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev ib tug nruab nrab txoj hauj lwm ntawm woodwind thiab tooj dag. Lub zog ntawm nws lub suab yog ntau dua li ntawm clarinet. Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub saxophone tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm "lub suab" uas ua rau jazz ensembles.

Tuba hais txog "bass". Nws muaj peev xwm los npog qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm pawg tooj liab.

Ib qho cuab yeej. Harp

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm symphony orchestra tau piav qhia saum toj no. Cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem qhia ntxiv. Piv txwv li, lub harp. Qhov cuab yeej no suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm suab paj nruag ntawm noob neej. Nws tuaj ntawm ib tug hneev nrog ib tug stretched bowstring, uas suab zoo heev melodious thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm. Lub harp yog ib tug plucked stringed instrument. Nws txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo nkauj tshaj tag nrho lwm cov "cov koom nrog".

Lub harp muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev. Ntawm nws, nqe lus los ntawm arpeggios, dav chords, glissandos, thiab harmonics zoo heev. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub harp tsis yog li ntawd lub siab xav li xim rau ib yam nkaus. Qhov ntsuas feem ntau nrog lwm tus. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tus harp yog muab spectacular solos.

Piano

Lub suab ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog cov hlua hlau. Ntoo rauj, npog nrog kev xav, pib khob lawv thaum koj nias tus yuam sij nrog koj tus ntiv tes. Qhov tshwm sim yog lub suab sib txawv. Lub piano tau txais kev nrov nrov ua ib qho cuab yeej solo. Tab sis qee zaus, nws kuj tuaj yeem ua tus kheejQee tus kws sau nkauj siv lub piano ua cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, coj cov xim tshiab thiab lub suab nrov rau lub suab ntawm tag nrho cov orchestra.

Organ

Cov twj ntsuas cua tshuab no tau paub txij thaum ub. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, huab cua tau tshuab nrog bellows los ntawm tes. Tom qab ntawd, kev tsim cov cuab yeej tau txhim kho. Hauv Tebchaws Europe thaum ub, lub cev tau siv rau hauv kev pabcuam hauv pawg ntseeg. Qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej loj heev nrog ntau hom ntoo. Qhov ntau ntawm lub cev yog ntau dua li ntawm tag nrho cov cuab yeej hauv lub orchestra muab tso ua ke. Cov qauv tsim suav nrog cov hauv qab uas tso cua tshuab, cov kav dej ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov khoom siv, cov keyboards - ko taw thiab ob peb phau ntawv.

Cov kav dej ntawm tib lub suab hauv ib txheej hu ua "sau npe". Cathedral loj hauv nruab nrog cev muaj txog ib puas sau npe. Cov xim ntawm cov suab hauv qee qhov zoo ib yam li lub suab paj nruag, oboe, clarinet, cello thiab lwm yam cuab yeej orchestral. Qhov ntau haiv neeg thiab "ntau dua" cov ntawv sau npe, ntau lub sijhawm uas tus neeg ua yeeb yam muaj. Kev kos duab ntawm kev ua si ntawm lub cev yog ua raws li kev muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo "sau npe", uas yog, kev siv tag nrho cov peev txheej.

Thaum siv lub cev hauv cov suab paj nruag tshiab, theatrical tshwj xeeb, cov kws sau nkauj tau ua raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm lub suab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub sijhawm uas tsim nyog los tsim lub tsev teev ntuj. Yog li, piv txwv li, Liszt hauv "Kev Sib Tw ntawm Huns" (symphonic paj huam)pitted Christendom tawm tsam barbarians siv lub cev.