Dmitry Shostakovich: biography ntawm tus zoo composer
Dmitry Shostakovich: biography ntawm tus zoo composer

Video: Dmitry Shostakovich: biography ntawm tus zoo composer

Video: Dmitry Shostakovich: biography ntawm tus zoo composer
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Dmitry Shostakovich, uas nws biography yog txaus siab rau ntau tus neeg nyiam ntawm cov suab paj nruag classic, yog ib tus kws sau ntawv Soviet nto moo uas tau los ua nto moo nyob deb dhau ciam teb ntawm nws haiv neeg.

Childhood of Shostakovich

Yug Lub Cuaj Hli 25, 1906 hauv St. Petersburg hauv tsev neeg ntawm pianist thiab chemist. Suab paj nruag, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv nws tsev neeg (nws txiv yog ib tug passionate suab paj nruag, nws niam yog ib tug xib fwb piano), tau nqa tawm los ntawm nws thaum yau: ib tug taciturn nyias me nyuam tub, zaum ntawm lub piano, tig mus rau hauv ib tug daring. musician.

Shostakovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Shostakovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Nws thawj txoj haujlwm "Tub Rog" tau sau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo, raws li kev sib tham tas li ntawm cov neeg laus hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1. D. Shostakovich, uas nws biography tau txuam nrog suab paj nruag tag nrho nws lub neej, los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag ntawm I. A. Glyasser, ib tug zoo-paub xib fwb. Txawm hais tias Dmitry tau qhia txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev sau suab paj nruag los ntawm nws niam.

Shostakovich: biography ntawm Soviet composer

Nyob hauv Dmitry lub neej, nrog rau suab paj nruag, kev hlub yeej ib txwm muaj. Thawj zaug, kev xav zoo nkauj tau tuaj xyuas tus tub hluas thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13: 10-xyoo-laus Natalya Kube tau los ua qhov khoom ntawm kev hlub, uas tus kws ntaus nkauj tau mob siab rau ib qho me me prelude. Tab sis qhov kev xav tau ploj musthiab lub siab xav muab nws tej khoom tsim los rau cov poj niam uas nws hlub tseem nyob nrog tus kws pianist virtuoso mus ib txhis.

Dmitry Shostakovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
Dmitry Shostakovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Tom qab kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntiav, xyoo 1919 Dmitry Shostakovich, uas nws biography tau pib ua suab paj nruag, nkag mus rau Petrograd Conservatory, kawm tiav hauv xyoo 1923 hauv ob chav kawm ib zaug: kev sau paj nruag thiab ntaus piano. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev khuv leej tshiab tau ntsib ntawm nws txoj kev - tus zoo nkauj Tatyana Glivenko. Tus ntxhais yog tib lub hnub nyoog raws li tus kws sau ntawv, zoo nkauj, kawm tau zoo, zoo siab thiab zoo siab, uas tau tshoov siab Shostakovich los tsim thawj Symphony, uas, thaum kawm tiav, raug xa mus ua haujlwm tiav. Qhov tob ntawm txoj kev xav tau nthuav tawm hauv txoj haujlwm no tsis yog los ntawm kev hlub nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm kev mob uas tau los ntawm ntau hmo pw tsaug zog ntawm tus kws sau nkauj, nws cov kev paub thiab kev nyuaj siab tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm tag nrho cov no.

Tsim nyog pib ua suab paj nruag

Lub premiere ntawm Thawj Symphony, uas tau nthuav tawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb tom qab ntau xyoo, tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1926 hauv St. Cov neeg thuam suab paj nruag suav hais tias tus kws sau nkauj muaj peev xwm ua tau tsim nyog hloov pauv rau Sergei Rachmaninov, Sergei Prokofiev thiab Igor Stravinsky, uas tau tsiv tawm hauv lub tebchaws. Tib symphony coj tus hluas composer thiab virtuoso pianist thoob ntiaj teb koob meej. Thaum ua yeeb yam ntawm Thawj International Chopin Piano Kev Sib Tw hauv xyoo 1927, muaj nyob rau hauv Warsaw, yog ib tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg neeg sib tw, Bruno W alter, tus kws sau nkauj Austro-Asmeskas thiabtus thawj coj. Nws tau hais tias Dmitry ua si lwm yam, thiab thaum Thawj Symphony pib suab, W alter tau hais kom tus kws sau ntawv hluas xa nws mus rau Berlin. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 22, 1927, tus neeg saib xyuas tau ua cov nkauj no, uas ua rau Shostakovich nto moo thoob plaws ntiaj teb.

Nyob rau hauv 1927, tus txawj ntse Shostakovich, uas nws biography muaj xws li ntau yam ups thiab downs, tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm Thawj Symphony, teem txog kev tsim lub qhov ntswg tom qab Gogol. Tom qab ntawd thawj Piano Concerto tau tsim, tom qab ntawd ob lub suab nkauj ntxiv tau sau nyob rau xyoo 1920s.

Txoj Kev Hlub

Thiab dab tsi txog Tatyana? Nws, zoo li feem ntau cov ntxhais tsis tau sib yuav, tau tos ntev heev rau kev sib yuav, uas tus neeg siab phem Shostakovich, uas muaj kev xav dawb huv thiab ci ntsa iab rau nws qhov kev tshoov siab, txawm tsis xav, lossis tsis kam ua. Ib tug agile cavalier, uas tau ntsib Tatiana ntawm txoj kev, coj nws mus rau hauv lub aisle; rau nws nws yug tau ib tug tub. Tom qab peb xyoos, Shostakovich, uas tau nrhiav txhua lub sijhawm tam sim no lwm tus neeg nyiam, caw Tatiana los ua nws tus poj niam. Tab sis tus ntxhais tau xaiv los rhuav tshem tag nrho cov kev sib raug zoo nrog tus kiv cua txawj ntse uas ua rau muaj kev ntshai heev hauv lub neej.

Shostakovich luv luv biography
Shostakovich luv luv biography

Thaum kawg ntseeg tau tias nws tus hlub tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los, Shostakovich, uas nws biography tau sib cuam tshuam nrog kev ua suab paj nruag thiab kev hlub, tib lub xyoo tau sib yuav Nina Varzar, ib tug tub ntxhais hluas uas nws nyob rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo. Tus poj niam uas yug nws ob tug me nyuam nyob ruaj nrees ciaj sia tag nrho cov xyoo no ntawm nws tus txiv txoj kev mob siab rau lwm tus poj niam,nws nquag infidelity thiab tuag ua ntej nws tus txiv hlub.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Nina Shostakovich, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv suav nrog ntau yam txuj ci thiab kev ua yeeb yam hauv ntiaj teb, nws tsim tsev neeg ob zaug: nrog Margarita Kayonova thiab Irina Supinskaya. Tawm tsam qhov keeb kwm ntawm lub siab, Dmitry tsis tso tseg kev tsim, tab sis hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog suab paj nruag, nws coj tus cwj pwm ntau dua.

Nyob rau nthwv dej ntawm lub siab ntawm cov tub ceev xwm

Hauv xyoo 1934, qhov kev ua yeeb yam "Tus Poj Niam ntawm Mtsensk District" tau tshwm sim hauv Leningrad, tam sim ntawd tau txais los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib nrog lub suab nrov. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ib lub caij thiab ib nrab, nws lub neej muaj kev phom sij: cov suab paj nruag tau raug thuam los ntawm Soviet cov tub ceev xwm thiab raug tshem tawm ntawm lub repertoire. Lub premiere ntawm Shostakovich lub Plaub Symphony, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ntau monumental Scope nyob rau hauv sib piv rau yav dhau los sawv daws yuav, yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv 1936. Vim qhov xwm txheej tsis ruaj khov hauv lub tebchaws thiab kev coj tsis ncaj ntawm tsoomfwv cov neeg ua haujlwm rau cov neeg muaj tswv yim, thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 1961. Lub 5th symphony tau luam tawm xyoo 1937. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, Shostakovich teem mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub 7th symphony - "Leningrad", thawj ua nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 5, 1942.

Los ntawm 1943 txog 1948, Shostakovich tau koom nrog kev qhia ntawm Moscow Conservatory ntawm lub nroog Moscow, los ntawm qhov chaw uas nws tau raug ntiab tawm los ntawm Stalinist cov tub ceev xwm, uas tau ua rau "ua tiav" hauv Union of Composers., vim tsis tsim nyog. Txoj haujlwm "yog" tso tawm los ntawm Dmitry raws sijhawm tau cawm nws txoj haujlwm. Tom ntej no, tus kws sau ntawv tau xav tias yuav koom nrog tog (them),zoo li ntau lwm qhov xwm txheej, uas tseem muaj ntau dua li qhov qis dua.

d Shostakovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb
d Shostakovich thaum yau Story ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Shostakovich, uas nws biography yog kawm nrog kev txaus siab los ntawm ntau tus kiv cua suab paj nruag, mob heev, mob ntsws cancer. Tus composer tuag nyob rau hauv 1975. Nws cov tshauv tau faus rau ntawm Novodevichy Cemetery hauv Moscow.

Hnub no, Shostakovich cov hauj lwm, embodying ib tug pronounced puab tib neeg ua yeeb yam, qhia ib tug ntev ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws kev txom nyem, yog cov feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog Fifth thiab Yimth symphonies tawm ntawm kaum tsib sau. Ntawm cov hlua quartets, uas yog kaum tsib, lub yim thiab kaum tsib yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.

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