Erlich Hma Iosifovich - Soviet kws sau paj lug: biography, creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nws lub npe tsis nrov, tab sis nws ua rau muaj kev sov siab thiab kev tu siab heev … Tus neeg siab zoo ntawm Armenia, tus kws sau paj huam thiab tus neeg zoo, tus phooj ywg ntawm Sergei Yesenin, tu siab thiab tsis muaj sijhawm ploj mus, tsoo los ntawm nthwv dej ntawm kev tawm tsam, tab sis tsis nco qab - Erlich Hma. Nws yog tus sau cov paj huam zoo kawg nkaus, cov phau ntawv menyuam yaus thiab cov haujlwm loj uas tau dhau los ua cov ntawv sau hauv Soviet classics.

Hma Iosifovich Erlich, biography

Hma Iosifovich yug rau lub Rau Hli 7, 1902 hauv nroog Simbirsk, hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm Volga Germans. Nws txiv yog kws muag tshuaj, Erlich Joseph Lazarevich. Niam - Anna Moiseevna, tus muam - Tolkacheva Mirra Iosifovna.

Hma Erlich pib sau paj huam thiab thawj zaj dab neeg thaum kawm ntawm Simbirsk gymnasium. Tom qab kawm tiav, nws nkag mus hauv Kazan University. Thaum xub thawj nws kawm nyob rau hauv cov kws kho mob, ces pauv mus rau lub keeb kwm thiab philological. Nyob rau hauv 1920 nws tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub 1 thaj chaw ntawm Kazan regiment. Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws, nws yog tub rog Tub Rog Liab, tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm GPU of Education ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Tatarstan.

Hma Ehrlich tuaj txog hauv Petrograd xyoo 1921. Thaum xub thawj nws kawm hauv lub nroog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kos duabKws qhia ntawv, tab sis, hmoov tsis, raug ntiab tawm rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Nws yog ib tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab kev sau ntawv, koom nrog lub npe nrov "Order of the Imagists". Ntxiv rau Erlich, nws suav nrog qee tus kws sau paj huam Leningrad: Semyon Polotsky, Nikolai Grigorov, Ivan Afanasiev-Soloviev, Grigory Shmerelson. Xyoo 1925, Hma Ehrlich tau ua tus saib xyuas lub luag haujlwm ntawm Thawj Lub Tsev ntawm Leningrad Soviet.

nqe thib ib

Erlich Hma tau luam tawm nws thawj phau ntawv paj huam hu ua "Hma Sun" hauv xyoo 1928. Phau Ntawv Memories tuaj tawm tom ntej, ua raws li Arsenal. Tom ntej no tuaj Phau Ntawv Paj Huam, ib phau ntawv tso tawm xyoo 1934, tom qab ntawd Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Kev Sib Tw (1935). Nyob rau hauv 1929, Erlich tau sau ib zaj paj huam txog Sofya Perovskaya, ib tug nto moo revolutionary uas tsim lub assassination ntawm huab tais Alexander II. Nyob rau hauv 1930s nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad magazine raws li ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub editorial board, ces nyob rau hauv lub Offensive ntawv xov xwm. Xyoo 1932 nws tau tawm mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho ntawm lub tebchaws tseem ceeb - Dawb Hiav Txwv-B altic Canal. Nws tau siv tag nrho xyoo 1935 hauv Far East, tsim Volochaev Hnub nrog lwm tus kws sau ntawv.

Thaum koob meej tuaj

Erlich Wolff's "Book of Poems" yog qhov yooj yim thiab luv, nyeem yooj yim, zoo li tag nrho nws cov paj huam thiab cov lus hais. Tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm puv nrog tob tob, ua rau koj xav. Nyob rau hauv 1937, Hma Iosifovich, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Union ntawm Soviet Writers, luam tawm ob collections ntawm paj huam rau cov me nyuam thiab phau ntawv txawv txawv Adventures ntawm cov phooj ywg. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Erlich Hma tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv xws licov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm muaj npe nrov, xws li "Literary Contemporary", "Red Night", "Star". Ntxiv rau nws tus kheej kev sau ntawv, Erlich Wolf tau koom nrog kev txhais lus los ntawm Armenian. Ntawm lawv yog cov paj huam los ntawm Mkrtich Adzhemyan, Mkrtich Nagash.

Memories of Yesenin

Thawj thawj zaug thaum ntsib kev ua haujlwm ntawm Yesenin, Hma Iosifovich tau qhuas los ntawm lub siab dawb paug, qhov tob ntawm nws cov paj huam. Lawv tau ntsib xyoo 1924 hauv Leningrad, tom qab ntawd lawv cov neeg paub tau loj hlob mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo uas tau ntev mus txog hnub kawg ntawm Sergei Yesenin lub neej.

Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd Erlich twb paub lawm, nws cov paj huam tau luam tawm hauv Leningrad cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm. Ib yam li lwm tus kws sau ntawv, nws tau koom nrog paj huam yav tsaus ntuj. Nyob rau hauv 1924, Erlich Hma thiab Sergei Yesenin nquag ua nrog lawv cov paj huam nyob rau hauv Leningrad thiab nws suburbs, xws li Detskoye Selo. Nyob ntawd lawv tau thaij duab ua kev nco txog nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb. Sergei Yesenin ib txwm qhia nws cov tswv yim muaj tswv yim nrog Erlich, ntsuas nws tus kheej thiab ib puag ncig, uas qhia tias lawv ntseeg siab rau ib leeg. Ntau xyoo tom qab Yesenin tuag, ntau tus yuav liam Erlich ntawm kev koom tes hauv nws kev tua neeg, tab sis nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo, lawv txoj kev phooj ywg sov so, thiab nws pom tseeb tias tag nrho cov lus xaiv no yog lus dag.

Ib zaug, thaum mus xyuas Anna Abramovna, Berzin Yesenin nyeem ib zaj paj huam uas nws nyuam qhuav sau, nws "Song of the Great Campaign". Berzin tau tshaj tawm nws hauv phau ntawv xov xwm. Hma Iosifovich tam sim ntawd sau tag nrho cov paj huam los ntawm kev nco, Sergei Yesenin tsuas yog kho me me thiab kos npe. Tom qab lawvAnna Abramovna tau coj cov ntawv sau mus rau qhov chaw kho mob ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj magazine.

Erlich tsuas yog phau ntawv memoir prose yog Txoj Cai rau Nkauj, sau rau xyoo 1930. Nyob rau hauv lub preface, tus sau piv cov kws sau paj lug nrog cov tin tub rog nws ua npau suav ntawm ib tug npau suav, uas nws tom qab yuav nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag. Nws xav paub qhov twg Sergei Yesenin, leej twg tuag, pib, thiab Yesenin uas nws pom hauv npau suav pib qhov twg? Nws zoo nkaus li tab tom tham txog cov duab sib txawv ntawm ib tus neeg, tiag tiag thiab tsim los ntawm nws, zoo tagnrho. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tau piav tsuas yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws uas paub rau nws, tab sis nws tseem nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd nws ntshai tsam nws dag tsis tau.

Hauv phau ntawv no, Hma Iosifovich tham txog nws txoj kev phooj ywg nrog Yesenin, txog ob xyoos dhau los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam lub neej. Hauv nws, nws kuj hais txog Yesenin zaj paj huam kawg, uas nws muab rau Erlich ua ntej nws tuag.

Nyob zoo phooj ywg

Nyob rau thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, 1925, Erlich Hma yog ib tus thawj pom Yesenin lub cev hauv Angleterre Hotel. Cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tuag ntawm nws tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws, txawm li cas los xij, nws pom lub zog los koom nrog hauv kev ua koob tsheej nco txog, uas tau tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 29 ntawm Leningrad Tsev Sau Ntawv, ntawm ntug dej ntawm Fontanka River. Tom qab ntawd Erlich thiab Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya-Yesenina, tus kws sau paj huam poj ntsuam, coj lub hleb mus rau Moscow. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31, 1925, Sergei Yesenin raug faus rau ntawm Vagankovsky tojntxas.

Armenia

Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1920, Hma Iosifovich thiab nws tus phooj ywg Nikolai Tikhonov mus rauthawj zaug mus rau Armenia. Nyob ntawd lawv mus xyuas Argaz, nce toj roob hluav taws saum Sevan, kov yeej Geghama Range, mus xyuas lub tsev teev ntuj, uas cov neeg hauv zos hu ua Ayrivank. Lub tswv yim ua los ntawm lub teb chaws no rau Hma Iosifovich tsis tau tab sis yuav tsum tau xav txog nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Nov yog qhov "Alagez Tales" thiab "Armenia" tshwm sim.

Tsis yog qhov xwm txheej zoo kawg nkaus kov yeej Erlich, tab sis kuj yog tib neeg. Nws hais rau nws tus phooj ywg Nikolai Tikhonov: "… Kuv twb pom ntau tus neeg, tab sis kuv xav pom ntau dua …". Thiab nws yeej tau rov qab mus rau Armenia ntau dua ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv lub Ararat hav nws tham nrog winegrowers, nyob rau hauv Araks nws ua phooj ywg nrog cov tub ceev xwm ciam teb, tau qhuas los ntawm cov txawj ntse ntawm Armenia, thiab zoo heev txais tag nrho cov kev nyuaj siab ntawm repatriates. Armenia tau nqos tag nrho Erlich lub siab. Hmoov tsis zoo, txoj kev hlub no ua rau nws tuag.

Interrupted

Xyoo 1937, thaum nws mus rau Armenia, nws xav sau ib tsab ntawv hais txog cov neeg rov qab los, tab sis qhov no tsis yog lub hom phiaj los ua qhov tseeb. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 19, nws raug ntes hauv Yerevan thiab raug xa mus rau Leningrad. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lub Kaum Ib Hlis 19 ntawm tib lub xyoo, Erlich raug txim rau lub txim loj rau kev koom nrog Trotskyist neeg ua phem lub koom haum, uas qhov tseeb tsis muaj nyob. Cov kab lus tau ua tiav rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 24, 1937. Tsuas yog 19 xyoo tom qab ntawd, Erlich Hma tau rov kho dua los ntawm Tub Rog Collegium ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab vim tias tsis muaj lub cev tsis zoo hauv nws qhov kev ua.