Romain Rolland: biography, tus kheej lub neej, cov duab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv

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Romain Rolland: biography, tus kheej lub neej, cov duab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv
Romain Rolland: biography, tus kheej lub neej, cov duab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv

Video: Romain Rolland: biography, tus kheej lub neej, cov duab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv

Video: Romain Rolland: biography, tus kheej lub neej, cov duab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv
Video: Daf Hayomi : Yebamot - Daf 113 (Rav Elie Peretz) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Romain Rolland cov phau ntawv zoo li lub sijhawm tag nrho. Nws txoj kev txhawb nqa rau kev tawm tsam kom muaj kev zoo siab thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb ntawm noob neej yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rolland tau hlub thiab suav tias yog ib tus phooj ywg tiag tiag los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tebchaws, uas nws tau los ua "neeg sau ntawv".

portrait ntawm romain rolland
portrait ntawm romain rolland

Romain Rolland (daim duab saum toj no) yug hauv lub nroog me me ntawm Clamecy nyob rau sab qab teb Fabkis thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1866. Nws txiv yog ib tug notary, zoo li txhua tus txiv neej hauv tsev neeg. Rolland tus yawg koob tau koom nrog cua daj cua dub ntawm Bastille, thiab nws txoj kev hlub ntawm lub neej tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov duab ntawm ib tus phab ej zoo tshaj plaws tsim los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Col Brugnion.

Nyob hauv nws lub zos, Rolland kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, tom qab ntawd nws kawm txuas ntxiv hauv Paris, yog tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Sorbonne. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm nws philosophical treatises, nws sau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau nws yog lub neej nyob rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tib neeg, thiab nrhiav qhov tseeb. Rolland tau sib tham nrog Leo Tolstoy, thiab qhov no ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm ntawm kos duab.

Romain nyiam suab paj nruag, uas nws niam tau qhia nws thaum nws tseem yau, nws kawm tiav los ntawm Ecole Normale lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj koob npe, qhov chaw nws kawm keeb kwm. Tom qab kawm tiav, nws tau mus rau Rome ntawm kev kawm ntawv xyoo 1889 los kawm keeb kwm. Kev tshoov siab los ntawm Shakespeare cov yeeb yam, nws pib sau keeb kwm ua yeeb yam txogCov xwm txheej ntawm Italian Renaissance. Rov qab mus rau Paris, nws sau ua yeeb yam thiab tshawb fawb.

romain rolland phau ntawv
romain rolland phau ntawv

French Revolution Cycle

Hauv xyoo 1892 nws tau sib yuav tus ntxhais ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo. Nyob rau hauv 1893, Rolland tiv thaiv nws dissertation ntawm suab paj nruag ntawm lub Sorbonne, tom qab uas nws qhia nyob rau hauv lub department ntawm suab paj nruag. Lub neej ntawm Romain Rolland rau 17 xyoo tom ntej no yog kev qhuab qhia, kev kawm ntaub ntawv thiab thawj qhov haujlwm.

Rolland tau ceeb heev los ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev kos duab, pom tias cov bourgeoisie tau mus txog qhov kawg, thiab nws tau ua siab loj tsim kho nws txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntawd, Fabkis tau nyob ze rau kev tsov kev rog - nyob rau hauv xws li kev tsis sib haum xeeb, thawj tej hauj lwm ntawm tus sau los.

Kev sau ntawv tau pib nrog kev ua si "Wolves", luam tawm xyoo 1898. Ib xyoos tom qab, qhov kev ua yeeb yam "Lub Triumph of Reason" tau tshwm sim. Xyoo 1900, tus kws sau ntawv sau ua yeeb yam "Danton", uas tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem tib lub xyoo.

Lwm zaj yeeb yaj kiab uas nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv Rolland lub kiv puag ncig yog "Lub Xya Hli 14", sau rau xyoo 1901. Nyob rau hauv nws, tus kws sau ntawv qhia lub hwj chim thiab awakening ntawm cov neeg insurgent. Cov xwm txheej keeb kwm uas Rolland xav rov tsim dua tau pom meej meej nyob rau hauv thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab. Nyob rau hauv lawv, ib qho chaw loj tau muab rau cov neeg, lub hwj chim thiab lub zog uas tus kws sau tau hnov nrog nws lub cev tag nrho, tab sis cov neeg tseem tsis paub meej rau nws.

romain rolland lub neej
romain rolland lub neej

People's Theatre

Romain Rolland tau nthuav tawm lub tswv yim ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Yeeb Yam thiab, nrog rau kev ua yeeb yam, tau sau cov lus ntawm lub ncauj lus no. Lawv yogsuav nrog hauv phau ntawv "Cov Neeg Ua Yeeb Yam", luam tawm xyoo 1903. Nws cov tswv yim muaj tswv yim raug kaw los ntawm cov neeg bourgeois uas tau poob rau tus kws sau ntawv.

Tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm los tsim Cov Neeg Ua Yeeb Yam, Rolland siv cov ntawv tshiab "Jean-Christophe", xav kom koom nrog nws qhov nws ua tsis tiav hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav hais tias Jean-Christophe ua pauj rau nws ntawm qhov kev ncaj ncees saib tsis taus.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua muaj qhov tig ntawm tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm. Rolland tsis tig mus rau keeb kwm, tab sis tab tom nrhiav tus phab ej. Nyob rau hauv lub preface rau Beethoven lub neej, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1903, Romain Rolland sau: "Cia peb ua pa ntawm hero lub pa." Nws sim hais txog nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm tus naas ej tshuab raj cov yam ntxwv uas hais rau nws. Tias yog vim li cas Beethoven phau ntawv keeb kwm tau txais qhov ntxoov ntxoo peculiar hauv nws txoj kev txhais, uas tsis yog ib txwm sib haum rau qhov tseeb keeb kwm.

Jean-Christophe

Hauv xyoo 1904, Rolland pib sau cov ntawv tshiab "Jean-Christophe", uas nws xeeb tub rov qab rau xyoo 90s. Nws tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1912. Txhua theem ntawm tus phab ej lub neej, tag nrho ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tsis tu ncua, uas ua rau nws muaj teeb meem thiab yeej, dhau mus ua ntej tus nyeem ntawv txij thaum yug mus txog nws txoj kev tuag kho siab.

Thawj plaub phau ntawv, uas qhia txog cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas ntawm tus phab ej, qhia txog lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab Switzerland ntawm xyoo ntawd. Tus kws sau ntawv sim txhua txoj hauv kev los qhia tias tsuas yog ib tus neeg txawj ntse tiag tiag tuaj yeem tawm ntawm tib neeg. Irreconcilable thiab tsis accustomed rau thim rov qab, Christophe ntsib cov bourgeois pej xeem. Nws yuav tsum tau tawm hauv nws lub tebchaws thiab khiav tawm ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Nws tuaj rau Paris thiab cia siab tias yuav nrhiav tau yam nws xav tau. Tab sistag nrho nws txoj kev npau suav tawg mus rau hauv av.

Txij hnub thib tsib mus rau phau ntawv thib kaum qhia txog lub neej ntawm tus phab ej nyob Fabkis. Lawv npog thaj tsam ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab, uas zoo siab heev rau tus sau phau ntawv, thiab nws nthuav tawm thiab nthuav tawm qhov tseeb ntawm bourgeois kev ywj pheej. Nyob rau hauv tus sau phau ntawv sau rov qab rau hauv 1896 muaj ib qho kev nkag mus rau lub tswv yim qub ntawm cov tshiab: "Qhov no yuav yog paj huam ntawm kuv lub neej." Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev, nws yog.

romain rolland phau ntawv
romain rolland phau ntawv

Heroic Lub Neej

Hauv xyoo 1906, Romain Rolland sau "Lub Neej ntawm Michelangelo" thiab tib lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv plaub ntawm Christophe. Sab hauv zoo sib xws ntawm ob txoj haujlwm no tau pom meej meej. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm phau ntawv cuaj thiab Lub Neej ntawm Tolstoy, uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1911.

Kev ua siab zoo, kev ua yeeb yam, kev kho siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig, lub siab dawb huv - qhov uas nyiam Rolland rau tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias los ua Christoph txoj kev xav. Ntawm "Lub Neej ntawm Tolstoy" lub voj voog "Heroic Lives" tsim los ntawm Romain txog lub neej ntawm Garibaldi, F. Millet, T. Payne, Schiller, Mazzini nres thiab tseem tsis tau sau.

Cola Breugnon

Cov khoom plig tom ntej yog Romain Rolland's Colas Breugnon, luam tawm xyoo 1914. Tus kws sau ntawv tau rov tsim cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm no, thiab tus nyeem ntawv pom meej meej nws qhov kev qhuas rau Fabkis txoj kab lis kev cai, kev sib hlub thiab kev hlub rau nws lub tebchaws. Cov ntawv tshiab tau teeb tsa hauv Rolland Clumcey lub nroog. Cov ntawv tshiab nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub neej ntawm tus protagonist - ib tug ntoo carver, txawj ntse, witty, nrog ib tug tsawg tsawg.hlub txoj sia.

xyoo kev nyuaj siab

Thaum tsov rog, qhov muaj zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm Rolland txoj haujlwm tau nthuav tawm. Nws pom meej tias kev ua phem ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab ua rau ob tog sib ntaus sib tua sib npaug. Cov kev xav ntawm kev mob siab rau kev sib cav yog pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tawm tsam kev ua tsov ua rog sau los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv los ntawm 1914 txog 1919.

Tus kws sau ntawv hu lub sijhawm ntawm ob qhov kev tsov rog "xyoo ntawm kev tawm tsam". Lub sijhawm no, kev lees txim siab thiab ncaj ncees "Farewell to the Past", luam tawm xyoo 1931, tau sau. Ntawm no nws ncaj ncees qhib nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav sab hauv hauv lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm, lees paub nws qhov kev ua yuam kev. Xyoo 1919 - 1920, "History of a Freethinking Man", "Clerambault", cov dab neeg "Pierre thiab Luce" thiab "Liliuli" tau luam tawm.

Tus kws sau ntawv txuas ntxiv rau xyoo no ua yeeb yam txog Fab Kis Revolution. Xyoo 1924 thiab 1926, cov yeeb yam los ntawm Romain Rolland "Kev Ua Si ntawm Kev Hlub thiab Kev Tuag" thiab "Xib Hwb Hnub Sunday" tau luam tawm. Xyoo 1928, nws tau sau zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Leonidas", raws li cov neeg thuam, feem ntau "tsis ua tiav thiab muaj keeb kwm"

Romain Rolland thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej
Romain Rolland thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej

Nkauj plig

Hauv xyoo 1922, tus kws sau ntawv pib lub voj voog "Lub Enchanted Soul". Rolland tau sau txoj haujlwm loj no tau yim xyoo. Ntau ntau Christophe thiab tus heroine ntawm no tshiab nyob rau hauv ntau, thiab yog li ntawd cov hauj lwm yog perceived raws li ib yam dab tsi paub rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Annette tab tom nrhiav "nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm noob neej" thiab xav tias nws tau pom nws. Tab sis nws nyob deb ntawm lub hom phiaj, thiab tus heroine tsis tuaj yeem siv lub zog zais hauv nws kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov neeg. Annette nyob ib leeg. Nws kev txhawb nqa tsuas yog nyob hauv nwsnws tus kheej, nyob rau hauv nws sab ntsuj plig purity.

Raws li cov xwm txheej tshwm sim, kev tsis lees paub ntawm bourgeois haiv neeg yuav siv ntau qhov chaw hauv qhov tshiab. Qhov xaus uas tus heroine ntawm qhov tshiab los yog "tawg, rhuav tshem" qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tuag. Annette nkag siab tias nws qhov chaw pw hav zoov tau raug pom thiab lub luag haujlwm hauv zej zog tsis muaj nqis dab tsi ntawm kev ua niam txiv thiab kev hlub, nyob mus ib txhis thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.

leej niam tus tub Mark yuav ua txoj haujlwm ntawm leej niam, uas tus poj niam tau nqis peev txhua qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas nws muaj peev xwm muab rau nws. Nws occupies feem ntau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub epic. Ib tug tub hluas fashioned los ntawm "cov ntaub ntawv zoo" los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm kev tawm tsam fascist thiab tab tom nrhiav ib txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv Mark, tus sau muab cov duab ntawm ib tug neeg txawj ntse uas nyob nrog ideological tshawb fawb. Thiab ua ntej lub qhov muag ntawm cov neeg nyeem tau tshwm sim tib neeg tus cwj pwm hauv txhua qhov kev tshwm sim - kev xyiv fab thiab kev tu siab, kev kov yeej thiab kev poob siab, kev hlub thiab kev ntxub.

Sau hauv 30s, qhov tshiab "Tus Enchanted Soul" tsis poob nws qhov cuam tshuam hnub no. Saturated nrog kev nom kev tswv thiab lub tswv yim, nws tseem yog ib zaj dab neeg txog ib tug txiv neej nrog tag nrho nws cov passions. Nov yog ib zaj dab neeg zoo heev, uas tus kws sau ntawv tau nug cov lus nug tseem ceeb, qhia meej txog kev hu xov tooj los tawm tsam kev zoo siab ntawm noob neej.

tshuaj xyuas ntawm romain rolland
tshuaj xyuas ntawm romain rolland

ntiaj teb tshiab

Xyoo 1934, Rolland yuav zaum ob. Maria Kudasheva tau los ua nws tus khub hauv lub neej. Lawv rov qab los ntawm Switzerland mus rau Fabkis, thiab tus kws sau ntawv koom nrog cov qib ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam tawm tsam Nazism. Romain stigmatizes txhua qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm fascism, thiab tom qab Enchanted Soul hauv 1935, ob qhov kev sau zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm.kws sau ntawv: "Kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm kev hloov pauv" thiab " kaum tsib xyoos ntawm kev tawm tsam".

Lawv muaj phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Romain Rolland, nws txoj kev txhim kho kev nom kev tswv thiab muaj tswv yim, tshawb nrhiav, nkag mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, kev hloov pauv "rau sab ntawm USSR". Ib yam li hauv "Farewell rau yav dhau los", muaj ntau qhov kev thuam nws tus kheej, zaj dab neeg ntawm nws txoj kev mus rau lub hom phiaj dhau los ntawm obstacles - nws taug kev, poob, dodged mus rau sab, tab sis tawv ncauj txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum nws mus txog qhov tshiab. ntiaj teb no.

Hauv ob phau ntawv no, lub npe ntawm M. Gorky tau hais ntau zaus, uas tus kws sau ntawv suav tias yog nws tus phooj ywg hauv caj npab. Lawv tau sib tham txij li xyoo 1920. Xyoo 1935, Rolland tuaj rau USSR thiab, txawm tias nws muaj mob, nrhiav kev kawm ntau li ntau tau txog Soviet Union. Rov qab los ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm lub Soviets, lub xya caum-xyoo-laus Rolland hais rau txhua leej txhua tus hais tias nws tau pom muaj zog ntxiv.

Tsis ntev ua ntej kev ua tsov ua rog, xyoo 1939, Romain Rolland tau tshaj tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab "Robespierre", uas ua tiav lub voj voog rau Fabkis Revolution. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg khiav thoob plaws hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab. Tus kws sau ntawv mob hnyav tau siv plaub xyoos ntawm Nazi txoj haujlwm hauv Wesel. Rolland qhov kev ua yeeb yam kawg rau pej xeem yog kev txais tos hauv kev hwm ntawm hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub kiv puag ncig ntawm Soviet Embassy xyoo 1944. Nws tuag thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis xyoo ntawd.

sau ntawv romain rolland
sau ntawv romain rolland

Reader tshuaj xyuas

Hais txog Romain Rolland lawv sau tias nws txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj rau xyoo ntawd - nws tau paub zoo hauv suab paj nruag thiab kos duab, keeb kwm thiab kev xav. Nws kuj nkag siab txog tib neeg kev puas siab puas ntsws zoo heev thiab qhov tseeb qhia tias yog vim li cas ib tug neeg ua li no, dab tsi ua rau nws thiab dab tsi tshwm sim hauv nws.taub hau qhov twg nws pib.

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv muaj ntau yam: sau ntawv, dab neeg, ua yeeb yam, memoirs, biography of artists. Thiab nyob rau hauv txhua txoj hauj lwm nws ib txwm thiab vividly qhia ib tug neeg lub neej: thaum yau, xyoo loj hlob. Los ntawm nws lub siab xav paub, kev xav thiab kev paub hauv ntau yam yuav tsis zais.

Nws yuav zoo li nws nyuaj rau kev piav qhia lub ntiaj teb ntawm tus menyuam los ntawm qhov muag ntawm tus neeg laus, tab sis Rolland ua nws zoo kawg li vividly thiab txawj ntse. Nws zoo siab nrog nws txoj kev du thiab tsis muaj zog. Cov hauj lwm tau nyeem nyob rau hauv ib qho pa, zoo li ib zaj nkauj, saturated nrog suab paj nruag, txawm hais tias nws yog ib tug piav qhia ntawm xwm los yog domestic lub neej, ib tug neeg txoj kev xav los yog nws tsos. Tus kws sau ntawv cov lus hais tau zoo nyob rau hauv lawv qhov yooj yim thiab tib lub sijhawm qhov tob, txhua yam ntawm nws cov phau ntawv tuaj yeem raug muab tso rau hauv cov lus hais. Romain Rolland, los ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm nws cov cim, qhia nws lub tswv yim rau cov neeg nyeem txog txhua yam: hais txog suab paj nruag thiab kev ntseeg, kev nom kev tswv thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, kev sau xov xwm thiab lus nug txog kev hwm, txog cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Muaj txoj sia nyob hauv nws phau ntawv.

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