Alexander Bryullov: biography, tus kheej lub neej, muaj tswv yim, yees duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lub npe ntawm Alexander Bryullov paub ntau tus neeg paub txog kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kos duab. Raws li nws cov qauv tsim, lub tsev ntawm Maly Opera thiab Ballet Theatre, Lutheran Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Peter thiab Paul, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tub Ceev Xwm, Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory thiab lwm tus tau tsim hauv St. Alexander Pavlovich tseem hu ua tus duab kos duab. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo ntawm watercolors thiab nyiam lithography. Peb yuav qhia txog lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv hauv kab lus.

Biography

Alexander Pavlovich Bryullov yug rau 1798-29-11 nyob rau hauv St. Nws txiv, Pavel Ivanovich Brullo, ib tug Frenchman thaum yug los, yog ib tug kawm ntawm ornamental sculptures, ib tug woodcarver, engraver thiab ib tug tswv ntawm cov me me painting. Niam, Maria Ivanovna Schroeder, muaj keeb kwm German thiab yog tus ntxhais ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Ntxiv rau Alexander, tsev neeg muaj peb tug tub ntxiv: Karl, Pavel thiab Ivan, thiab ob tug ntxhais: Maria thiab Yulia. Txhua tus menyuam yaus ua raws li lawv tus txiv taw thiab xaiv cov kev coj ua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam.

Xyoo 1809, Alexander Bryullov thiab nws tus kwv yau Karlnkag mus rau Academy of Arts, qhov chaw lawv kawm ntawm pej xeem cov nuj nqis. Xyoo 1821, cov kwv tij tau txais txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv pej xeem, thiab ib xyoos tom qab Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Txhawb Nqa tau xa lawv mus ua lawv cov txuj ci txawv teb chaws. Ua ntej qhov kev mus txawv tebchaws, raws li lub siab tshaj plaws Imperial Decree, Alexander thiab Karl, uas yav tas los muaj lub xeem lub npe Brullo, ntxiv tsab ntawv "v" nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub generic lub npe, yog li muab nws ib tug Lavxias teb sab daim ntawv. Lwm tus hauv tsev neeg tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kev hloov pauv no.

In Europe

Lub caij ntuj no 1822/1823 cov kwv tij tau nyob hauv Munich, lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Ltalis, mus rau Rome. Nyob ntawd, Alexander Bryullov kawm lub ruins ancient nrog kev hlub tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv 1824, nws tau mus xyuas Sicily nrog Alexander Lvov, tom qab ntawd mus rau Pompeii, qhov chaw uas nws pib tsim kho lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nyob rau hauv Paris, tus kws kos duab luam tawm ib daim duab kos duab hu ua "Thermae of Pompeii" nrog cov ntawv sau los ntawm nws.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Fabkis lub peev, Alexander Pavlovich tau kawm txog kev kho tshuab ntawm Sorbonne University thiab tau koom nrog kev qhuab qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm architecture los ntawm Buon. Los ntawm Paris, Bryullov tau mus rau lwm lub nroog hauv Fab Kis, suav nrog Chartres. Tom qab ntawd nws mus rau Askiv. Xyoo 1829 nws rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws, mus rau St. Xyoo 1831 nws tau txais lub npe ntawm tus kws tshaj lij thiab tau los ua tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Arts.

nto moo architectural tej hauj lwm

Lub Da Dej ntawm Pompeii coj Alexander Bryullov lub npe ntawm tus tswv cuab ntawm Royal Institute of Architecture hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab Art Academy hauv Milan.

Feem ntau ntawm cov phiaj xwm vaj tsev ntawm Alexander Pavlovich tau ua hauvPetersburg thiab nws cov cheeb tsam. Qee qhov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog qhov chaw saib xyuas ntawm Pulkovo Hill thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Palace Square. Bryullov kuj tsim lub tsev teev ntuj Gothic hauv Pargolovo rau Countess Polia, Mikhailovsky Theatre, ib lub tsev hauv Slavyanka rau Countess Samoilova.

Hauv xyoo 1832, tus kws tsim qauv tsim lub tsev teev ntuj Lutheran ntawm St. Peter thiab Paul hauv lus Askiv Gothic style. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws tau muab tsub lub title ntawm xib fwb ntawm architecture, thiab ces entrusted nrog kev tsim kho ntawm lub Pulkovo Observatory.

Cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog thiab cov xeev

Brullov kuj tau qhia nws lub peev xwm ua tus kws kos duab hauv xyoo 1837 thaum rov tsim lub tsev nyob ntawm Winter Palace tom qab hluav taws kub thiab tsim lub Exertsirhaus. Hauv qhov project no, Pompeian ornamentation tau ua tiav zoo - lub tsev khaws puav pheej sib raug tau muaj npe tom qab nws.

Tom qab ntawd Alexander Pavlovich tau hais kom rov tsim lub Marble Palace rau kev tshoob kos ntawm tus tub ntawm Nicholas kuv, Prince Konstantin Nikolayevich. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Bryullov tau koom nrog kev tsim kho lub tsev ntawm Alexander Tsev Kho Mob. Nyob rau hauv 1845-1850s. Kev ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv ntawm Marble Palace, lub sijhawm no nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim kho "Lub Tsev Pabcuam": tso lub palace ruaj khov rau hauv pem teb, thiab ua ib qho chaw los ntawm lub tsev saib lub vaj. Txhawm rau kho lub tsev raws lub façade, nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob saum lub qhov rais, tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau muab rau xya caum-meter ntev nyem "Ib Nees hauv Kev Pabcuam Tib Neeg" - nws tau tsim los ntawm Pyotr Klodt raws li daim duab kos duab ntawm Bryullov.. Klodt kuj ua tympanums ntawm sab pediments, qhia txog tritons uas tshuab hauvplhaub.

Alexander Bryullov ua haujlwm tsis yog hauv lub peev nkaus xwb - nws kuj tau tsim cov phiaj xwm rau cov tsev tsim kho hauv cov xeev. Xyoo 1835-1839. tsim ib tug memorial obelisk nyob rau hauv Tobolsk nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Kuchum, lub Tatar Khan, thiab lub detachment ntawm Yermak. Nyob rau hauv 1842, nyob rau hauv Orenburg, raws li nws qhov project, ib tug caravanserai tau tsim, uas muaj ib lub mosque nrog ib tug minaret thiab ib lub tsev ntawm pej xeem cov tsev nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv.

Portraitist

Alexander Pavlovich tsis yog tsuas yog ib tus kws kos duab txawj ntse xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib tus neeg pleev xim dej zoo heev. Hauv xyoo 1820s nws txoj hauj lwm yog dominated los ntawm romantic toj roob hauv pes. Xyoo 1824, tom qab nce toj Mount Vesuvius, nws tau tsim cov duab kos rau qhov kev tshwm sim no.

Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm txhua tus kws kos duab nyiam pleev xim xim dej. Alexander Bryullov nco qab tias xyoo 1825 nws tsis tuaj yeem tawm hauv Naples rau rau lub hlis, vim tias nws muaj ntau qhov kev txiav txim. Cov lus xaiv hais txog tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj Lavxias teb sab txawm mus txog huab tais ntawm lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Naples, thiab nws xav kom Alexander Pavlovich tua cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab cov neeg kav.

Nws yog qhov nyuaj los tsim kom muaj pes tsawg tus duab xim dej Bryullov sau thaum nws nyob txawv teb chaws. Ntawm cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov duab ntawm V. Perovsky, G. Gagarin, E. Poltoratskaya, I. Kapodistria, E. Zagryazhskaya. Xyoo 1830, tus kws kos duab tsim tus kheej-portrait.

Technique

Cov duab los ntawm Alexander Bryullov nyob rau lub sijhawm ntxov ntawm kev muaj tswv yim yog ua "qhuav", zoo ib yam li lub cev ntau txheejpainting nrog me me strokes - qhov no yog li cas nws ua tiav qhov tob ntawm cov xim. Alexander Pavlovich, tsis zoo li nws tus tij laug Karl, tsis siv cov xim dej xws li pob tshab thiab lub teeb.

Nyob rau thaum ntxov 1830s. Bryullov pleev xim portraits ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Academy of Arts A. Olenin thiab statesman M. Speransky. Tom qab ntawd nws tsim ib daim duab ntawm H. Pushkin - tsuas yog portrait ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tus poj niam, pleev xim rau thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tus tswv cov txheej txheem watercolor tau hloov heev. Alexander Pavlovich twb tsiv tawm ntawm lub cev sau ntawv, strokes tau ua dawb thiab sib dua. Nws sau rau ntawm daim ntawv daj kom siv nws lub suab sov ua cov duab tseem ceeb ntawm ob txhais tes thiab ntsej muag ntawm cov qauv.

Nyob rau xyoo 1837 hauv Paris, thaum mus ntsib Ntxhais fuabtais Golitsyna, tus kws kos duab Alexander Bryullov tau pleev xim rau W alter Scott, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tus kheej hloov cov duab rau pob zeb. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog cov paintings watercolors, nws kuj tau kos mem hluav paintings, uas ob leeg muaj ib tug ywj siab ua cim (piv txwv li, daim duab ntawm M. Vlasov, ib tug portrait ntawm ib tug tsis paub kos npe rau), thiab tau npaj rau kev txhais lus rau hauv lithography.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Hauv xyoo 1831, qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Alexander Bryullov: nws tau sib yuav Baroness Alexandra von Rahl. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nkawm niam txiv nyob ua ke rau 46 xyoo, kom txog rau thaum tus kws kos duab tuag. Bryullov tus poj niam yog ib tug txawj ntaus suab paj nruag, thiab suab paj nruag yav tsaus ntuj feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv lawv lub tsev, uas tau koom los ntawm M. Glinka, K. Bryullov, N. Gogol.

cuaj tus menyuam yug hauv tsev neeg, uas muaj peb tuscov tub thiab cov ntxhais tuag hluas.

Alexander Bryullov tuag thaum Lub Ib Hlis 9, 1877 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 78 xyoo. Nws raug faus nyob rau hauv lub nroog tojntxas ntawm Pavlovsk. Lub ntxa ntawm tus kws kos duab yog ib qho chaw tsim vaj tsev ntawm tsoomfwv tseem ceeb.