New Orleans jazz: keeb kwm, ua yeeb yam. suab paj nruag jazz

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

1917 yog qhov hloov pauv thiab rau qee lub sijhawm xyoo thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Yog hais tias rau Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman nws tau cim los ntawm revolutionary txheej xwm, ces nyob rau hauv Fabkis Felix d'Herelle nrhiav tau ib tug bacteriophage, thiab nyob rau hauv New York thawj revolutionary jazz cov ntaub ntawv raug kaw nyob rau hauv lub Victor recording studio. Nws yog New Orleans jazz, txawm hais tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam yog cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag dawb uas tau hnov thiab mob siab rau "dub suab paj nruag" txij thaum yau. Lawv cov ntaub ntawv Original Dixieland Jazz Band tau nrawm nrawm mus rau cov tsev noj mov muaj koob npe thiab kim. Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, New Orleans jazz, los ntawm hauv qab, kov yeej cov neeg siab thiab maj mam pib suav hais tias yog cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws raug suav hais tias yog li niaj hnub no.

Jazz yog dab tsi?

zaj nkauj no yog tsim los ntawm cov suab nkauj ntawm cov qhev dub uas raug quab yuam coj muslub teb chaws Amelikas los pab cov neeg cog ntoo dawb. Yog li ntawd, rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, suab paj nruag jazz tau suav hais tias yog suab paj nruag ntawm ib haiv neeg tsawg. Txawm tias tom qab nws tau txais koob meej nyob rau hauv haiv neeg Asmeskas dawb, piv txwv li, hauv Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws raug txwv vim nws raug suav hais tias yog tus thawj coj ntawm Negro-Jewish dissonant cacophony. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, nws kuj raug txwv mus ntev, vim hais tias "sab saum toj" ntseeg hais tias nws yog ib tug apologist rau txoj kev ntawm bourgeois lub neej, raws li zoo raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm imperialism.

Ntse

Jazz tsoos tsho tuaj yeem raug hu ua suab paj nruag kiv puag ncig, vim qhov style no yog "tus neeg tua rog" ntawm nws tus kheej. Tsis muaj ib hom suab paj nruag tau pom ntau yam teeb meem thiab teeb meem ntawm txoj kev ntawm nws txoj kev tsim. Jazz cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau tawm tsam tas li rau txoj cai kom muaj nyob, rau lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv qab hnub. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib dav, lawv tsis muaj chaw ua yeeb yam loj thiab chaw ntau pob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no muaj ib qho, thiab tej zaum yuav zoo dua. Tsis muaj cov neeg random ntawm cov kiv cua ntawm cov suab paj nruag no. Muaj tseeb amateurs tau txais jazz raws li txoj kev xav thiab ua neej nyob. Jazz yog improvisation, nws yog kev ywj pheej! Ib tug neeg uas muaj kev xav tsis thoob, nrog cov tswv yim zoo txog lub neej, tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tias New Orleans jazz yog dab tsi. Nws cov yam ntxwv dag precisely nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws muaj nws tus kheej mloog. Cov no yeej ib txwm ci ntsa iab, kev txawj ntse thiab sab ntsuj plig nplua nuj cov neeg uas txaus siab rau cov khoom zoo thiab semanticmusic.

New Orleans Jazz Keeb Kwm

Cov suab paj nruag no tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tig ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries, vim yog kev sib xyaw ntawm African thiab European suab paj nruag. Cov qhev coj tuaj rau tebchaws Amelikas los ntawm teb chaws Africa tau hloov siab los ntseeg los ntawm cov pov thawj tub txib thiab qhia lawv hu nkauj qhuas Vajtswv. Thiab lawv muab lawv nrog lawv cov nkauj kev cai dab qhuas "sab ntsuj plig". Lub suab paj nruag cocktail no kuj suav nrog kev ua yeeb yam blues uas tau nthuav dav hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Tshiab. Rau kev sib txuas lus, ntxiv rau lub nruas, cov cuab yeej cua thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev kuj tau siv. Cov suab paj nruag no maj mam tau txais kev khuv leej ntawm cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag dawb ntawm New Orleans, thiab vim li ntawd, raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, thawj gramophone cov ntaub ntawv nrog suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm jazz tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1917.

Jazz Age

Lub 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th hu ua lub sijhawm no hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag. Txawm tias cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm no tam sim no hu ua "New Orleans Jazz" cov kws sau ntawv. Thiab Francis Scott Fitzgerald yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm no, nws tsis yog New Orleans uas tau suav tias yog lub peev ntawm jazz, tab sis Kansas City. Ntawm no, qhov kev taw qhia suab paj nruag no tau nthuav dav nrog qhov ceev tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau lub tsev noj mov thiab cafes, qhov twg suab paj nruag jazz suab thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Nws thiaj li tshwm sim hais tias cov neeg loj leeb thiab mafiosi, uas nyiam siv yav tsaus ntuj hauv khw noj mov, tau los ua nws cov neeg mloog tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm lawv, scenes pib tshwm thiaborchestra pits nyob rau hauv uas ib pab pawg jazz muaj xws li keyboardist, drummer, cua tshuab raj thiab vocalists teem. Feem ntau ntawm lawv ua si blues, thiab tsis tsuas yog qeeb, classical, tab sis kuj ceev. Tom qab ntawd ntau tus kws ntaus nkauj tau txiav txim siab sim lawv txoj hmoo thiab mus rau lub nroog loj - Chicago thiab New York. Muaj ntau lub tsev noj mov thiab ntau tus neeg saib.

New Orleans Jazz Artists

Muaj ib tug tub dub hu ua Charlie Parker nyob hauv Kansas. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj, nws nyiam taug kev ntawm qhov qhib qhov rais ntawm cov khw noj mov thiab cov khw noj mov thiab mloog cov suab paj nruag los ntawm lawv. Tom qab ntawd nws whistled nyob rau hauv nws ua tsis taus pa rau hnub kawg thiab hummed nws nyiam tunes. Ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd, nws yog nws uas tau los ua tus hloov kho ntawm jazz suab paj nruag. Lub caij no, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag dub tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv - tus trumpeter, keyboardist thiab vocalist. Nws lub npe yog Louis Armstrong. Nws muaj lub suab txawv txawv ntawm lub suab, dua li, nws nrog nws tus kheej. Nws tsis tu ncua ncig ntawm Chicago thiab New York thiab suav tias nws tus kheej yog tus ua tiav rau New Orleans trumpet player King Oliver. Tsis ntev tom qab lwm tus jazzman los ntawm lub txaj txaj ntawm hom tuaj txog ntawm Lub Kua Loj - Jelly Roll Morton. Nws ua si piano virtuoso, thiab kuj muaj suab zoo kawg nkaus. Ntawm txhua daim ntawv tshaj tawm, nws tau thov kom nws sau tias nws yog tus tsim ntawm jazz. Ntau tus xav li ntawd. Lub caij no, hauv New York, Fletcher Henderson tsim ib lub suab paj nruag zoo heev. Tom qab qhov no, lwm tus tau tsim, uas tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam. Nws tus thawj coj yoghluas pianist Duke Ellington. Nws pib hu nws lub suab paj nruag ib pawg loj.

30s

Nyob rau xyoo 1930, New Orleans jazz hloov mus rau hauv cov suab paj nruag tshiab - viav vias. Thiab nws tau pib ua yeeb yam los ntawm cov pab pawg loj, ntawm cov Duke Ellinton's orchestra sawv tawm tshwj xeeb. Cov suab paj nruag pawg no muaj cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag virtuoso - masters ntawm improvisation. Txhua qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj txawv ntawm qhov tom ntej. Muaj cov qhab nia nyuaj, yob hu, cov kab lus sib dhos, rov ua dua, thiab lwm yam. Ib txoj hauj lwm tshiab tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub orchestras - ib tug organizer uas sau orchestras, uas tau los ua tus yuam sij rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm tag nrho cov loj band. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau ntawm improviser, uas tuaj yeem yog keyboardist, saxophonist, thiab trumpeter. Qhov tsuas yog, nws yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kom meej tus naj npawb ntawm "squares". Duke Ellington's orchestra suav nrog cov kws ntaus nkauj xws li Bubber Miley, Cootie Williams, Rex Stewart, Ben Webster, clarinetist Barney Bigard thiab lwm tus. Txawm li cas los xij, "feem ntau viav vias hauv ntiaj teb" ntu ntu yog pianist Basie, tus ntaus nruas Joe Jones, ob tus bassist W alter Page thiab. guitarist Freddie Green.

The "crystal sound" phenomenon

Zoo rau 40s, Glenn Miller Orchestra tau nrov ntawm cov kiv cua ntawm suab paj nruag jazz. Connoisseurs tam sim ntawd pom ib qho feature uas txawv qhov loj band los ntawm lwm tus. Qee tus cwj pwm "lub suab paj nruag" tau hnov hauv nws cov haujlwm, dhau li ntawd, nws tau hnov tias lub orchestra muaj kev ua tiav zoo kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov suab paj nruag ntawm New Orleans jazz tsis tau hnov hauv lawv cov suab paj nruag lawm. Nws yog ib yam tshwj xeeb, tab sis deb heev ntawm Negro music.

Kev tsis txaus siab

Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, es tsis txhob ua suab paj nruag loj, "kev lom zem" pib vam meej. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub caij viav vias dhau lawm. Cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag Jazz poob siab, zoo li lawv tau poob lawv txoj haujlwm mus ib txhis thiab tias lawv cov suab paj nruag yuav tsis muaj kev vam meej dua li hauv 30s dashing. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis yog lawm, vim hais tias jazz lovers yog thiab nyob rau hauv lub lig 20th thiab ntxov 21st centuries. Muaj tseeb tiag, niaj hnub no cov style no tsis yog tsim tawm ntau, tab sis yog cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb thoob plaws ntiaj teb.