2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Zoo li cov hawks dawb, daring kulans (stalls), Kazakh "tus tswv ntawm cov lus thiab cov nkauj" nqa qhov tseeb, coj hauv nqe lus los ntawm ib qho kawg ntawm qhov kawg ntawm steppe mus rau lwm qhov. Rau cov neeg Kazakh, paj huam yog ob qho tib si kev nplij siab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm kev nyuaj siab, kev txom nyem, thiab ib txoj kev los qhia ib qho kev xyiv fab, kev zoo siab, hu nkauj lub siab tawv ntawm lub teb chaws heroes. Kazakh kws sau paj lug txhua lub sijhawm, nrog kev pab ntawm paj huam thiab nkauj, tawm tsam kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm bais (cov neeg nplua nuj), sim mus cuag cov thawj coj siab phem, ua siab loj, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem, thuam cov kev phem ntawm tib neeg, cuam tshuam rau kev nom kev tswv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Lub npe ntawm cov neeg mob siab rau kev ncaj ncees tshaj plaws, cov tub ceev xwm tawv ncauj uas lawv yog rau cov tib neeg, cov tswv ntawm cov txuj ci loj tshaj plaws thiab kev txawj ntse, tau nqis mus rau hauv keeb kwm thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub siab ntawm Kazakhs mus ib txhis.
Cov neeg steppe txaus siab thiab hlub paj huam tag nrho lawv lub siab. Paj huam, zoo li ib txoj cai caj ces, tau imprinted rau hauv qhov xwm ntawm ib tug nomad. Zaj nkauj nrog nws txij thaum yug los txog rau hnub nyoog laus heev, ci ntsa iab xim txhua qhov xwm txheej, mus ob peb vas, txoj haujlwm ntawm lub neej. Conventionally, Kazakh lus dab neeg tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg:
- Ceremonial-txhua hnub. Qhov no yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej niaj hnub, muaj tag nrho cov kev cai qub thiab kev cai rau lawv coj.
- Lyrical. Cov paj huam no qhia txog kev xav ntawm Kazakh, tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim, ua qauv qhia ntawm tus kheej lub tswv yim, lub siab xav.
Start
Kev yug ntawm kev muaj tswv yim tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, tom qab tag nrho cov kev puas tsuaj cuam tshuam nrog kev ntes cov steppes los ntawm Timur. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sau ntawv pib txhim kho, tab sis tib neeg tsis tuaj yeem kawm tau nws, yog li thawj cov paj huam thiab cov nkauj tau sau tseg, dhau los ntawm qhov ncauj mus rau qhov ncauj, los ntawm tiam mus rau tiam.
Ib tug thawj Kazakh kws sau paj lug yog Kadyrgali Zhalairi (1530-1605). Nyob rau hauv captivity, nyob rau hauv Moscow nws sau nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 157 nplooj ntawv, hu ua "Jami-at-tavarikh". Cov ntawv sau tau puv ntawm pej xeem cov lus pov thawj, cov lus hais, cov ntawv sau witty. Keeb kwm-poet tau them nyiaj ntau rau cov lus piav qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tsar Boris Godunov. Nws cov yeeb yam, tib neeg zoo, meej mom ua rau muaj kev zoo siab rau Kadyrgali.
Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau keeb kwm tau ua los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, tus neeg hais lus Mohammed Haidar Dulati (1499-1551). Hais txog yuav ua li cas cov tub rog Mongol tau lees paub lawv lub zog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kazakhs, hais txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg hauv zos thiab cov thawj coj Mongol, txog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Central Asia hauv 15th thiab 16th centuries tau piav qhia meej hauv nws annals "Tarikh-i-Rashidi".
Zhyrau
Nyob rau xyoo 15th thiab 17th, lubcov kev lig kev cai ntawm improvisational narration nyob rau hauv ib tug hu nkauj-ntxhais nqe lus mus rau lub accompaniment ntawm lub teb chaws twj dombra. Tag nrho galaxy ntawm zhyrau (singers), Kazakh akyns sib tw nrog ib leeg nyob rau hauv lawv nyiam ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm tolgau - philosophical paj huam. Feem ntau cov craftsmen, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav zoo nkauj thuam, muab tswv yim, tiv thaiv lawv lub ntsiab lus ntawm view, raug ntiav los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub Kazakh Khanate ua lawv advisers. Lawv tau tso siab rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - los ua kev sib tw, ib qho nruab nrab ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov tib neeg. Txaus siab rau kev ntseeg siab thiab kev hlub ntawm cov neeg, cov kws ua yeeb yam txawj ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov ces kaum ntse, nplij siab nrog cov lus qhia zoo thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov, sim tiv thaiv kev tsis sib haum xeeb, hais lus tawm los tiv thaiv kev nyiam ntawm tib neeg, hu nkauj lawv txoj kev cia siab thiab kev cia siab.
Cov lus dab neeg Asan Kaigy, lub npe hu ua Sad One, yog ib tus kws sau paj huam Kazakh nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntau ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tau muaj sia nyob hauv daim ntawv sau txog niaj hnub no. Kev tu siab, kev tu siab, kev mob siab rau lub teb chaws, rau cov phooj ywg uas nws hlub taug kev los ntawm txoj kev lim hiam mus nrhiav qhov chaw zoo dua, kev tsim txom, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm pawg neeg, kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev ua tub sab, kev poob siab ua rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv nws cov nkauj ntxim nyiam.
Abai - a new era in poetry
Abai Kunanbaev tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho cov ntawv nyeem Kazakh tshiab. Tus kws sau paj huam tau yug los hauv 1845 hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm feudal lords loj. Txij thaum yau nws raug xa mus kawm nyob rau hauv madrasah, uas nws tsis nres ntawm. Abai mob siab rau kev kawm tus kheej, kawm txog cov hauj lwm ntawm tsis yog Lavxias teb sab classics, tab sis kuj Western cov ntaub ntawv. Lub sijhawm dhau los, tus kws sau paj huam Kazakh zootag nrho imbued nrog kev hlub rau cov neeg pluag steppe cov neeg, uas tau mus dhau lawv lub sij hawm nyuaj tshaj plaws. Nws tau ntseeg tias tsuas yog lub teeb ntawm kev paub, kos duab thiab kab lis kev cai tuaj yeem rub tawm lub neej no uas ploj mus ntawm kev tsis paub thiab kev ua cev qhev. Nws yog lub teeb ci rau cov neeg Kazakh raug kev txom nyem.
Cov paj huam ntawm Abay Kunanbaev yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov lus uas cuam tshuam lub siab. "Kuv lub hom phiaj yog los tsim cov paj huam - ib txheej ntawm chased lus," tus kws sau paj lug hais.
Abay ua hauj lwm nyuaj rau nws tus kheej, qhia cov hluas niaj hnub no, pab, muab tswv yim, nws sim ua txhua yam los qhia rau cov tiam tshiab. Nws tau txhais thiab muab faib los ntawm cov neeg zoo tshaj plaws zaj dab neeg txog tej hauj lwm ntawm Lermontov, Dumas, tej hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov thinkers thiab sages ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob. Nws tau maj mam muab txhua yam kev paub uas nws tau sau tseg, vim tias cov yeeb ncuab thiab cov neeg tawm tsam kev vam meej tau dhau los ua tsis txaus ntseeg.
Qhov kev sim siab tshaj plaws, kev kub ntxhov thiab kev kho siab sab hauv tau tsim txom tus kws sau paj huam. Cov paj huam thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej tau riddled nrog hnyav, poob siab thiab tsis meej pem. Txog hnub kawg (Lub Rau Hli 23, 1904), nws cov txuj ci, txuj ci, kev ua haujlwm loj heev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, tshwj xeeb, qub - cov keeb kwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg Kazakh.
pob zeb diamond ntawm cov neeg Kazakh
Nyob rau xyoo monstrous ntawm Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, paj huam muaj feem ntau dua puas tau. Cov neeg tau tawm tsam los tawm tsam qhov kev hem thawj uas tau poob los ua qhov kev sim tshiab ntawm kev ua siab ntev thiab kev ua siab ntev ntawm cov kwv tij neej tsa. Patriotic pathos, heroic romanticism sau cov nkauj thiab paj huam ntawm Kazakh paj huam.
Giant of LiteratureKazakhstan ntawm Soviet lub sij hawm - Dzhambul Dzhabaev (1846-1945), uas twb yuav luag 100 xyoo, ua ib tug loj pab rau lub Great yeej, ua nto moo rau nws legendary paj huam "Leningraders, kuv cov me nyuam …". Txawm niaj hnub no, nyeem cov hauj lwm, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis txhob tawg rau hauv lub kua muag! Zaj nkauj tau tso txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob yog ib daim ntawv sau paj huam, raws li lub suab ntawm tag nrho lub teb chaws los ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm Kazakh akyn-sage, hais rau lub nroog uas raug kaw: "Peb nrog koj, Leningraders!”
YZharaskan Abdirashev
Tus kws sau paj huam, thuam, tus txhais lus, pej xeem cov duab - Zharaskan Abdirashev (1948-2001) txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm rau kev tsim cov ntawv Kazakh, txhawb cov tub ntxhais hluas cov txuj ci, npaj cov khoom plig tshwj xeeb hu ua tom qab nws, ua raws nws cov thawj coj zoo. Ntau tshaj 20 phau ntawv tuaj tawm hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm nws tus cwj mem. Ntawm lawv yog cov paj huam rau cov menyuam yaus, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov pej xeem loj hlob ntawm cov koom pheej. Feem ntau mob siab rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsim txom, cov lus tseem ceeb. Tus kws sau paj lug txhais tej hauj lwm ntawm Agniya Barto, K. Chukovsky, A. S. Pushkin, A. Blok thiab lwm tus neeg sau ntawv nrov. Nyob rau hauv lem, nws tej hauj lwm kuj tau muab txhais ua German, Hungarian, Lavxias teb sab, Tajik, Ukrainian thiab lwm yam lus.
xov xwm tshiab
Kazakh kws sau paj huam muaj npe nrov tsis yog rau paj huam xwb. Niaj hnub no, cov neeg tuaj saib tau npaj los saib kev sib tw ntawm akyns-improvisers nrog kev zoo siab. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Kazakh kev lig kev cai, yog li cov kev ua yeeb yam tiag tiag fascinate thiab ntes cov xim nkaus, vim hais tias cov kws sau paj lug yog li deftly, sparklingly compose ntawm mus.nqe lus hais txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawj xeeb rau pej xeem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg hu nkauj yuav tsum muaj kev lom zem, lub siab ntse, txwv tsis pub kev sib ntaus yuav tsis xaus rau nws txoj kev nyiam.
zaj paj huam no yuav tsis dhuav, yuav tsis ua neeg laus, qhov no yog kab lis kev cai, cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov neeg Kazakh.
Tus txawj ntse Rinat Zaitov
Rinat Zaitov yog ib qho nrov akyn ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Yug hauv 1983 hauv East Kazakhstan cheeb tsam. Los ntawm kev kawm, Rinat yog ib tug xib fwb ntawm Kazakh lus thiab ntaub ntawv. Nws tau koom nrog aitys los ntawm hnub nyoog 17 xyoo thiab txij li ntawd los ua neeg nyiam rau cov khoom plig. Nws kuj sau cov nkauj rau ntau lub hnub qub Kazakh.
Rinat yog tus neeg tshaj tawm xov xwm, yog li nws feem ntau yuav tsum tsis lees paub qhov kev cia siab thiab cov lus xaiv tsis txaus ntseeg, hais rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub koob yees duab ntawm Republican TV channels.
YKarina Sarsenova
Ntawm cov neeg Kazakh niaj hnub no, tus kws sau paj huam hluas tab sis muaj kev vam meej, tus kws sau ntawv, tus kws sau ntawv, tus tsim tawm - Karina Sarsenova sawv tawm. Tus ntxhais tswj kom yeej ntau yam khoom plig loj thiab khoom plig. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Writers' Union ntawm Russia thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Eurasian Creative Union. Ib tug tuaj yeem hais txog nws txoj haujlwm, tsis hais Karina ua dab tsi, nws ua tiav txhua yam. Tsim ib hom ntawv tshiab - esoteric dab neeg.
Tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no connoisseurs ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, paj huam tos ntsoov rau tej yam tshiab, tshiab, tshwj xeeb. Ib yam yog paub: nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Internet, txhua tus tswv muaj peev xwm muaj lub sij hawm los qhia lawv tus kheej, qhia lub ntiaj teb no lawv lub zeem muag, qhia lawv tus kheej.lub cib fim, thiab leej twg paub, tej zaum koj lub npe yuav nyob twj ywm rau ntawm nplooj ntawv keeb kwm thiab hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tus nyeem ntawv ua tsaug.
Pom zoo:
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
Alexander Dolsky - tus kws sau nkauj-tus kws sau nkauj, kws sau paj huam thiab kws ntaus suab paj nruag
Dolsky Alexander Alexandrovich - kws sau paj lug, bard, singer-songwriter, tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab playwrights, Honored Artist ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Masterfully plays lub guitar
Andrey Usachev - tus menyuam tus kws sau ntawv, kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws sau ntawv
Andrey Usachev yog menyuam yaus tus kws sau ntawv, kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws sau ntawv. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv lub voj voog thaum lub sij hawm nyuaj, thaum tag nrho cov paj huam zoo raug tsim thiab cov nkauj tau sau tag nrho. Lwm tus kws sau ntawv hauv nws qhov chaw yuav tau mus rau hauv qab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntev dhau los: los tsim kev thuam ntawm menyuam yaus cov ntawv nyeem lossis kev tshaj tawm. Thiab Andrey Usachev tau teem caij rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm