Nobel nqi zog yeej hauv Cov Ntawv Sau: npe. Cov yeej ntawm Nobel nqi zog hauv Cov Ntawv Sau los ntawm USSR thiab Russia

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus nqi zog Nobel tau tsim thiab muaj npe tom qab Swedish industrialist, inventor thiab chemical engineer Alfred Nobel. Nws suav hais tias yog lub koob meej tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Laureates tau txais ib qho khoom plig kub, uas qhia txog AB Nobel, daim ntawv pov thawj, nrog rau daim tshev nyiaj ntau. Qhov kawg yog ua los ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm Nobel Foundation. Xyoo 1895, Alfred Nobel tau ua ib qho kev xav, raws li nws cov peev tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus, shares thiab qiv. Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov nyiaj no tau muab faib ua tsib ntu txhua xyoo thiab dhau los ua khoom plig rau kev ua tiav hauv tsib thaj chaw: hauv chemistry, physics, physiology lossis tshuaj, ntawv nyeem, thiab rau kev ua ub no los txhawb kev thaj yeeb.

Thawj Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv tau muab tsub rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 10, 1901, thiab txij li ntawd tau muab khoom plig txhua xyoo nyob rau hnub ntawd, uas yog hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Nobel txoj kev tuag. Qhov khoom plig ntawm cov yeej yuav tshwm sim hauv Stockholm los ntawm peb tus kheejSwedish huab tais. Tom qab tau txais qhov khoom plig, cov neeg yeej ntawm Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv yuav tsum tau qhia txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm hauv 6 lub hlis. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau txais qhov khoom plig.

Kev txiav txim siab rau leej twg yuav muab khoom plig Nobel hauv Kev Sau Ntawv yog ua los ntawm Swedish Academy, nyob hauv Stockholm, nrog rau Pawg Neeg Nobel nws tus kheej, uas tshaj tawm tsuas yog cov neeg thov, yam tsis tau sau npe. Cov txheej txheem xaiv nws tus kheej raug cais tawm, uas qee zaum ua rau muaj kev npau taws los ntawm cov neeg thuam thiab cov neeg tsis txaus siab, uas tau lees tias qhov khoom plig tau muab rau kev nom kev tswv, thiab tsis yog rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev sau ntawv. Lub ntsiab lus sib cav hais txog cov pov thawj yog Nabokov, Tolstoy, Bokhres, Joyce, uas tsis tau txais khoom plig. Txawm li cas los xij, cov npe ntawm cov kws sau ntawv uas tau txais nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb. Los ntawm Russia, tus yeej Nobel nqi zog hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog tsib tus kws sau ntawv. Nyeem ntxiv txog lawv txhua tus hauv qab no.

Lub xyoo 2014 Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv tau muab 107th zaug los ntawm Patrick Modiano, tus kws sau ntawv Fabkis thiab tus kws sau ntawv. Ntawd yog, txij li xyoo 1901, 111 tus kws sau ntawv tau dhau los ua tus yeej ntawm qhov khoom plig (vim nws tau txais plaub zaug rau ob tus kws sau ntawv tib lub sijhawm).

Tau sau txhua tus yeej thiab paub txog lawv txhua tus yog lub sijhawm ntev. Cov neeg nto moo tshaj plaws thiab tau nyeem ntau yam Nobel nqi zog yeej hauv Cov Ntawv Sau thiab lawv cov haujlwm tau coj los rau koj mloog.

1. William Golding, 1983

William Golding tau txais khoom plig rau nws cov dab neeg nto moo, uas hauv nws txoj haujlwmmuaj 12. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws, "Tus Tswv ntawm cov yoov" thiab "Heirs", yog cov phau ntawv muag zoo tshaj plaws sau los ntawm Nobel laureates. Phau ntawv tshiab "Tus Tswv ntawm Flies", luam tawm xyoo 1954, coj tus kws sau ntawv thoob ntiaj teb koob meej. Cov neeg thuam feem ntau piv nws rau Salinger's The Catcher hauv Rye hais txog nws qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev xav niaj hnub no.

2. Toni Morrison, 1993

Nobel Prize winners in Literature tsis yog txiv neej xwb, tab sis kuj yog poj niam. Toni Morrison yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas no tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ua haujlwm hauv Ohio. Nkag mus rau hauv Howard University, qhov chaw nws kawm ntawv nyeem thiab lus Askiv, nws pib sau nws cov haujlwm. Nws thawj phau ntawv tshiab, The Bluest Eyes (1970), tau ua raws li zaj dab neeg luv luv uas nws tau sau rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv lub voj voog. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Toni Morrison. Nws lwm yam tshiab, Sula, luam tawm xyoo 1975, tau raug xaiv tsa rau US National Book Award.

3. John Steinbeck, 1962

Cov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Steinbeck yog "East of Paradise", "Lub Grapes of Wrath", "Ntawm nas thiab txiv neej". Xyoo 1939, Grapes of Wrath tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg muag khoom zoo tshaj plaws, nrog ntau tshaj 50,000 daim ntawv muag, thiab niaj hnub no lawv cov lej muaj ntau dua 75 lab. Txog rau xyoo 1962, tus kws sau ntawv tau raug xaiv tsa rau qhov khoom plig 8 zaug, thiab nws tus kheej ntseeg tias nws tsis tsim nyog rau qhov khoom plig. Yog lawm, thiab ntau tus neeg thuam Asmeskas tau sau tseg tias nws cov dab neeg tom qabtsis muaj zog ntau dua li yav dhau los, thiab teb tsis zoo txog qhov khoom plig no. Xyoo 2013, thaum qee cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Swedish Academy (uas tau khaws cia nruj me ntsis rau 50 xyoo) tau raug cais tawm, nws tau pom tseeb tias tus kws sau ntawv tau txais txiaj ntsig vim tias xyoo no nws tau los ua "zoo tshaj plaws hauv tuam txhab phem".

4. Ernest Hemingway, 1954

Tus kws sau ntawv no tau dhau los ua ib tus ntawm cuaj tus yeej ntawm Literature Prize, uas nws tau txais tsis yog rau kev muaj tswv yim, tab sis rau ib qho haujlwm tshwj xeeb, uas yog rau zaj dab neeg "Tus Neeg Laus thiab Hiav Txwv". Tib txoj hauj lwm, thawj zaug luam tawm xyoo 1952, coj tus kws sau ntawv tom ntej, 1953, thiab lwm qhov khoom plig muaj koob npe - Pulitzer nqi zog.

Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, Pawg Neeg Nobel suav nrog Hemingway hauv cov npe ntawm cov neeg sib tw, tab sis Winston Churchill, uas thaum lub sijhawm ntawd twb muaj 79 xyoo lawm, tau los ua tus tswv ntawm qhov khoom plig, thiab yog li nws tau txiav txim siab tsis ncua sijhawm. qhov khoom plig. Thiab Ernest Hemingway tau los ua tus yeej tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov khoom plig xyoo tom ntej, 1954.

5. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 1982

Lub xyoo 1982 Nobel nqi zog hauv Cov Ntawv Sau suav nrog Gabriel García Márquez hauv lawv qib. Nws tau los ua thawj tus kws sau ntawv los ntawm Colombia tau txais khoom plig los ntawm Swedish Academy. Nws cov phau ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog The Chronicle of a Declared Death, Autumn of Patriarch, and Love in the Time of Cholera, tau dhau los ua cov khoom muag zoo tshaj plaws sau ua lus Mev hauv nws keeb kwm. Phau ntawv tshiab Ib Pua Xyoo Ntawm Kev Tsis Txaus Siab (1967), uas lwm tus Nobel laureate, Pablo Neruda, hu ua qhov kev tsim loj tshaj plaws hauv lus Mev tom qab Cervantes 'Don Quixote, tau muab txhais ua ntau tshaj 25 hom lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab tag nrho cov kev ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. kev ua haujlwm tau ntau dua 50 lab luam.

6. Samuel Beckett, 1969

Xyoo 1969 Nobel Prize hauv Kev Sau Ntawv tau muab tsub rau Samuel Beckett. Tus kws sau ntawv Irish no yog ib tus neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm kev niaj hnub. Nws yog nws, ua ke nrog Eugene Ionescu, uas nrhiav tau lub npe nrov "theatre ntawm absurd". Samuel Beckett sau nws tej hauj lwm ua ob yam lus - lus Askiv thiab Fabkis. Lub paj hlwb nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws tus cwj mem yog qhov ua yeeb yam "Tos Godot", sau ua lus Fab Kis. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no. Cov cim tseem ceeb thoob plaws hauv kev ua si yog tos rau qee yam Godot, leej twg yuav tsum coj qee lub ntsiab lus rau lawv lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yeej tsis tshwm sim, tawm hauv cov neeg nyeem lossis cov neeg saib los txiav txim siab rau lawv tus kheej seb daim duab yog dab tsi.

Beckett nyiam ua chess, nyiam ua tiav nrog cov poj niam, tab sis coj lub neej nyob ntsiag to. Nws tseem tsis tau pom zoo los mus rau Nobel nqi zog ceremony, xa nws tus tshaj tawm, Jerome Lindon, hloov.

7. William Faulkner, 1949

Xyoo 1949 Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv tau mus rau William Faulkner. Nws kuj tau pib tsis kam mus rau Stockholm rau qhov khoom plig, tab sis thaum kawg nws tau yaum kom ua li ntawd los ntawm nws tus ntxhais. Neeg AsmeskasThawj Tswj Hwm John F. Kennedy tau xa nws daim ntawv caw tuaj noj hmo ua kev qhuas ntawm Nobel tus yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, Faulkner, uas tag nrho nws lub neej suav hais tias nws tus kheej "tsis yog tus kws sau ntawv, tab sis yog ib tus neeg ua liaj ua teb", hauv nws tus kheej cov lus, tsis kam lees txais cov lus caw, hais txog hnub nyoog laus.

Tus sau cov dab neeg uas nto moo thiab nrov tshaj plaws yog "Lub Suab thiab Kev Npau Suav" thiab "Thaum Kuv Tuag". Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tiav ntawm cov haujlwm no tsis tuaj sai sai, rau lub sijhawm ntev lawv tau xyaum tsis muag. Lub Noise thiab Fury, luam tawm xyoo 1929, tsuas yog muag 3,000 daim ntawv luam hauv thawj 16 xyoo tom qab luam tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1949, los ntawm lub sijhawm tus kws sau ntawv tau txais Nobel nqi zog, cov ntawv tshiab no twb yog tus qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Asmeskas classic.

Nyob rau xyoo 2012, ib tsab ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj haujlwm no tau luam tawm hauv tebchaws Askiv, uas cov ntawv luam tawm hauv 14 xim sib txawv, uas tau ua tiav raws li qhov kev thov ntawm tus kws sau ntawv kom tus nyeem ntawv tuaj yeem pom lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm lub dav hlau. Qhov txwv ib tsab ntawm cov ntawv tshiab tsuas yog 1480 daim ntawv luam thiab muag tawm tam sim tom qab tso tawm. Tam sim no tus nqi ntawm phau ntawv no tsis tshua muaj ib tsab yog kwv yees li ntawm 115 txhiab rubles.

8. Doris Lessing, 2007

Lub xyoo 2007 Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv tau muab rau Doris Lessing. Tus kws sau ntawv Askiv thiab kws sau paj huam tau txais qhov khoom plig thaum muaj hnub nyoog 88, ua rau nws yog tus neeg laus tshaj plaws tau txais khoom plig. Nws kuj tau los ua tus poj niam thib kaum ib (tawm ntawm 13) tau txais Nobel nqi zog.

Lessing tsis yog nrov nrog cov neeg thuam, raws li nws tsis tshua sauntawm cov ncauj lus mob siab rau kev cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo, nws tau raug hu ua tus tshaj tawm ntawm Sufism, cov lus qhuab qhia uas qhia txog kev tsis lees paub ntawm lub ntiaj teb fuss. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li The Times magazine, tus kws sau ntawv no tau nyob qib tsib hauv cov npe ntawm 50 tus kws sau ntawv Askiv zoo tshaj plaws tau luam tawm txij li xyoo 1945.

Txoj haujlwm nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Doris Lessing yog qhov tshiab "The Golden Notebook", luam tawm xyoo 1962. Qee cov neeg thuam hais txog nws ua tus qauv ntawm classic feminist prose, tab sis tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej categorically tsis pom zoo nrog qhov kev xav.

9. Albert Camus, 1957

Cov kws sau ntawv Fab Kis kuj tau txais Nobel nqi zog hauv Cov Ntawv Sau. Ib tug ntawm lawv, ib tug kws sau ntawv, neeg sau xov xwm, sau ntawv ntawm Algerian keeb kwm, Albert Camus, yog "lub siab ntawm sab hnub poob." Nws txoj hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog zaj dab neeg "The Outsider" luam tawm hauv Fab Kis xyoo 1942. Xyoo 1946, kev txhais lus Askiv tau tsim, muag pib, thiab ob peb xyoos cov ntawv luam tau muag ntau dua 3.5 lab.

Albert Camus feem ntau raug xa mus rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev muaj sia nyob, tab sis nws tus kheej tsis pom zoo nrog qhov no thiab tsis lees paub cov ntsiab lus no. Yog li, hauv kev hais lus ntawm Nobel nqi zog, nws tau sau tseg tias hauv nws txoj haujlwm nws nrhiav "tsis txhob dag thiab tawm tsam kev tsim txom."

10. Alice Munro, 2013

Hauv xyoo 2013, cov neeg raug xaiv tsa rau Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv suav nrog Alice Munro ntawm lawv cov npe. Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Canada, qhov nonovelist los ua nto moo nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem luv luv. Nws pib sau lawv thaum ntxov, txij thaum hluas, tab sis thawj phau ntawv ntawm nws tej hauj lwm hu ua "Dance of Happy Shadows" tsuas yog luam tawm xyoo 1968, thaum tus sau twb muaj 37 xyoo lawm. Xyoo 1971, cov ntawv sau tom ntej, Lub Neej Ntawm Cov Ntxhais thiab Cov Poj Niam, tau tshwm sim, uas cov neeg thuam hu ua "kev kawm tshiab." Nws lwm yam kev sau ntawv suav nrog cov phau ntawv: "Thiab koj yog leej twg, qhov tseeb, xws li?", "Tus Fugitive", "Moons of Jupiter", "Kev Zoo Siab Ntau Ntau". Ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv sau, "Hate, Friendship, Courtship, Love, Marriage", luam tawm xyoo 2001, txawm tso tawm ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab Canadian hu ua "Tawm ntawm Nws", qhia los ntawm Sarah Polley. Tus sau phau ntawv nrov tshaj plaws yog "Hlub Lub Neej", luam tawm xyoo 2012.

Munro feem ntau hu ua "Canadian Chekhov" vim tias cov qauv ntawm cov kws sau ntawv zoo sib xws. Zoo li tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias, nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws realism thiab meej.

Nobel Laureates hauv Ntawv Sau los ntawm Russia

Txog hnub no, tsib tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias tau yeej qhov khoom plig. Thawj ntawm lawv yog I. A. Bunin.

1. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, 1933

Nov yog tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam Lavxias nto moo, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm kev hais lus tseeb, tus tswv cuab ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Nyob rau hauv 1920, Ivan Alekseevich emigrated rau Fabkis, thiab thaum muab lub puav pheej, nws sau tseg tias lub Swedish.lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ua siab tawv heev los ntawm kev muab khoom plig rau tus kws sau ntawv émigré. Ntawm cov contenders rau xyoo no qhov khoom plig yog lwm tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias, M. Gorky, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau vim yog kev tshaj tawm ntawm phau ntawv "Lub Neej ntawm Arseniev" los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov nplai tau taw qhia ntawm Ivan Alekseevich.

Bunin pib sau nws thawj zaj paj huam thaum muaj hnub nyoog 7-8. Tom qab ntawd, nws cov hauj lwm paub zoo tau luam tawm: zaj dab neeg "Lub Zos", sau "Dry Valley", cov phau ntawv "John Rydalets", "Tus Gentleman los ntawm San Francisco", thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub 20s, nws sau "Lub Rose. ntawm Jericho" (1924) thiab "Sunstroke" (1927). Thiab nyob rau hauv 1943, lub pinnacle ntawm Ivan Alexandrovich ua hauj lwm, ib tug sau ntawm cov dab neeg luv luv "Tsub Alleys", tau yug los. Phau ntawv no tau mob siab rau tsuas yog ib lub ntsiab lus - kev hlub, nws "tsaus" thiab tsaus muag, raws li tus kws sau tau sau rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv.

2. Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, 1958

Nobel nqi zog yeej hauv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Russia xyoo 1958 suav nrog Boris Leonidovich Pasternak hauv lawv cov npe. Tus kws sau paj lug tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm lub sijhawm nyuaj. Nws raug yuam kom tso tseg raws li kev hem thawj ntawm exile los ntawm Russia. Txawm li cas los xij, Pawg Neeg Nobel suav tias tsis kam lees ntawm Boris Leonidovich raws li kev yuam, hauv 1989 nws tau muab khoom plig thiab ntawv pov thawj tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv rau nws tus tub. Cov ntawv tshiab nto moo "Doctor Zhivago" yog Pasternak qhov tseeb kos duab pov thawj. Txoj haujlwm no tau sau xyoo 1955. Albert Camus, tus yeej ntawm xyoo 1957, qhuas qhov tshiab no nrog kev qhuas.

3. Mikhail AlexandrovichSholokhov, 1965

Xyoo 1965, M. A. Sholokhov tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv. Russia tau rov ua pov thawj rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tias nws muaj cov kws sau ntawv txawj ntse. Tom qab pib nws txoj kev sau ntawv ua ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev muaj tiag, piav qhia txog kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm lub neej, Sholokhov, txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee qhov haujlwm raug ntes los ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm nthuav qhia ntawm Nobel nqi zog, Mikhail Alexandrovich tau hais lus nyob rau hauv uas nws tau sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm nws nrhiav kev qhuas "ib lub teb chaws ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm, builders thiab heroes."

Xyoo 1926, nws tau pib nws qhov tshiab tshiab, Quiet Flows the Flows Flows Flows Flows, thiab ua tiav nws xyoo 1940, ntev ua ntej nws tau txais khoom plig Nobel hauv Ntawv Sau. Sholokhov tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, xws li "Quiet Flows lub Don". Nyob rau hauv 1928, ua tsaug ntau rau kev pab los ntawm A. S. Serafimovich, ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Mikhail Alexandrovich, thawj feem tshwm nyob rau hauv luam. Qhov thib ob ntim tau luam tawm xyoo tom ntej. Qhov thib peb tau luam tawm xyoo 1932-1933, twb tau txais kev pab thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm M. Gorky. Qhov kawg, thib plaub, ntim tau luam tawm xyoo 1940. Qhov tshiab no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau ob qho tib si Lavxias thiab ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tau raug muab txhais ua ntau hom lus hauv ntiaj teb, los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam nto moo los ntawm Ivan Dzerzhinsky, nrog rau ntau yam kev ua yeeb yam thiab yeeb yaj kiab.

Ib txhia, txawm li cas los xij, liam Sholokhov ntawm plagiarism (xws li A. I. Solzhenitsyn), ntseeg tias feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm tau theej los ntawm cov ntawv sau ntawm F. D. Kryukov,Tus kws sau ntawv Cossack. Lwm cov kws tshawb fawb tau lees paub qhov kev sau ntawv ntawm Sholokhov.

Ntxiv rau txoj haujlwm no, xyoo 1932 Sholokhov kuj tau tsim Virgin Av Upturned, ib txoj haujlwm uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm Cossacks. Xyoo 1955, thawj tshooj thib ob tau tshwm sim, thiab tshooj kawg tau ua tiav thaum ntxov xyoo 1960.

Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1942, zaj thib peb, "Lawv Fought rau Niam" tau luam tawm.

4. Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, 1970

Tus nqi zog Nobel hauv Kev Sau Ntawv hauv xyoo 1970 tau muab rau AI Solzhenitsyn. Alexander Isaevich tau txais nws, tab sis tsis tau twv mus rau qhov khoom plig ceremony, vim hais tias nws ntshai ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv, uas tau suav hais tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Nobel Committee yog "kev nom kev tswv hostile." Solzhenitsyn ntshai tias nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws tom qab qhov kev mus ncig no, txawm hais tias Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv hauv xyoo 1970, uas nws tau txais, nce lub koob meej ntawm peb lub tebchaws. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, nws tau kov yeej cov teeb meem hauv zej zog-kev nom kev tswv, nquag tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, nws cov tswv yim thiab cov cai ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet.

Cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn muaj xws li: "Ib Hnub hauv Lub Neej ntawm Ivan Denisovich" (1962), zaj dab neeg "Matryona Dvor", cov ntawv tshiab "Hauv thawj lub voj voog" (sau los ntawm 1955 txog 1968), "Lub Gulag Archipelago" (1964-1970). Thawj zaug luam tawm ua hauj lwm yog zaj dab neeg "Ib Hnub nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Ivan Denisovich", uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub magazine "Lub Ntiaj Teb Tshiab". Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no tau txhawb kom muaj kev txaus siab thiab ntau cov lus teb los ntawm cov neeg nyeem, uas tau tshoov siabtus kws sau ntawv los tsim lub Gulag Archipelago. Xyoo 1964, thawj zaj dab neeg ntawm Alexander Isaevich tau txais Lenin nqi zog.

Txawm li cas los xij, ib xyoos tom qab, nws poob qhov kev pom zoo ntawm Soviet cov thawj coj, thiab nws cov haujlwm raug txwv tsis pub luam tawm. Nws cov dab neeg "Lub Gulag Archipelago", "Thawj Vaj Huam Sib Luag" thiab "Lub Tsev Kho Mob Cancer" tau luam tawm txawv teb chaws, uas nyob rau xyoo 1974 tus kws sau ntawv raug tshem tawm ntawm kev ua pej xeem, thiab nws raug yuam kom tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Tsuas yog 20 xyoo tom qab ntawd nws muaj peev xwm rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws. Xyoo 2001-2002, Solzhenitsyn txoj haujlwm zoo "Ob Pua Xyoo Ua Ke" tshwm sim. Alexander Isaevich tuag hauv 2008.

5. Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky, 1987

Cov yeej ntawm Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv hauv 1987 tau koom nrog I. A. Brodsky. Xyoo 1972, tus kws sau ntawv raug yuam kom tsiv teb tsaws chaw rau Tebchaws Meskas, yog li lub ntiaj teb encyclopedia txawm hu nws Amelikas. Ntawm txhua tus kws sau ntawv uas tau txais Nobel nqi zog, nws yog tus yau tshaj. Nrog nws cov lus, nws nkag siab lub ntiaj teb no raws li ib qho kev coj noj coj ua thiab metaphysical tag nrho, thiab kuj tau taw qhia qhov kev nkag siab ntawm tib neeg raws li kev paub.

Iosif Alexandrovich sau tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lus Askiv paj huam, sau ntawv, sau ntawv thuam. Tam sim ntawd tom qab kev tshaj tawm nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm nws thawj zaug sau, xyoo 1965, lub koob meej thoob ntiaj teb tuaj rau Brodsky. Cov phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau muaj xws li: "Tebchaws ntawm qhov kho tsis tau", "Ib feem ntawm kev hais lus", "Lavxias teb sab nrog dej nyab", "Qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm zoo nkauj", "Tsev ntawm.roob moj sab qhua" thiab lwm yam.