Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav. Cov cim ntawm sentimentalism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Kev xav tsis yog tsuas yog kev coj noj coj ua hauv kab lis kev cai thiab kev sau ntawv xwb, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub siab ntawm tib neeg lub neej ntawm ib theem ntawm kev loj hlob, uas nyob hauv Europe tau pib ua ntej me ntsis thiab kav los ntawm 20s mus rau 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Nyob rau hauv Russia nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo - pib ntawm lub 19th centuries. Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav yog raws li hauv qab no - hauv tib neeg qhov xwm txheej, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav, tsis yog vim li cas, raug lees paub.

Vim yog vim li cas rau txoj kev xav

Sentimentalism kaw qhov Enlightenment, uas npog tag nrho lub xyoo pua XVIII thiab ua rau muaj ntau yam kev sau ntawv. Qhov no yog classicism thiab rococo, sentimentalism thiab pre-romanticism. Qee cov kws tshaj lij xav txog kev nyiam romantic ua raws li cov lus qhia tau piav qhia, thiab kev xav tau raug txheeb xyuas nrog pre-romanticism. Txhua qhov chaw no muaj nws tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej tus cwj pwm, tus yam ntxwv zoo dua li lwm tus.qhia txog qhov sib txawv uas yog qhov zoo rau ib kab lis kev cai. Muaj qee qhov cim qhia txog kev xav. Qhov no yog kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kheej, ntawm lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm txoj kev xav, prerogative ntawm xwm tshaj kev vam meej.

Txoj kev mus rau qhov xwm txheej

Qhov kev taw qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv no txawv ntawm yav dhau los thiab cov qauv tom ntej feem ntau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tib neeg lub siab. Preference yog muab rau simplicity, naturalness, hero ntawm cov hauj lwm ua ib tug ntau kev ywj pheej cwm pwm, feem ntau yog ib tug sawv cev ntawm cov neeg. Kev saib xyuas zoo yog them rau lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm tib neeg thiab qhov xwm txheej, uas nws yog ib feem. Cov no yog cov cim ntawm sentimentalism. Kev xav yeej ib txwm muaj kev ywj pheej tshaj li qhov laj thawj, uas tau pe hawm lossis txawm tias deified los ntawm classicism. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg sau ntawv sentimentalist muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua ntawm kev xav thiab nws qhov kev xav hauv kev ua haujlwm uas tseem tsis haum rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus nruj ntawm classicism.

Cov ntawv sau tshiab

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav yog kev mus ncig thiab cov dab neeg, tab sis tsis yog, tab sis qhia lossis sau ntawv. Cov ntawv sau, phau ntawv teev npe, memoirs yog hom siv ntau tshaj plaws, vim lawv ua kom pom lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm ib tug neeg ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv paj huam, elegy thiab tsab ntawv ua ntej. Ntawd yog, cov ntawv nyeem, hauv lawv tus kheej, kuj yog cov cim ntawm kev xav. Pastoral tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm yam kev taw qhia tshaj li qhov tau piav qhia.

Nyob rau hauv Russia sentimentalism yog kev tawm tsam thiab kev ywj pheej. Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm thawj yog Shalikov Petr Ivanovich (1768-1852). Nws tej hauj lwm yog ib tug idyllic utopia - infinitely zoo vaj ntxwv xa los ntawm Vajtswv los rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nkaus xwb rau lub hom phiaj ntawm cov neeg pluag kev zoo siab. Tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb - tus ntsuj plig zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo siab thoob ntiaj teb. Tej zaum, ua tsaug rau tej hauj lwm qab zib thiab qaub, ib qho kua muag thiab nyob deb-fetchedness, uas yog tej zaum perceived raws li cov cim qhia ntawm sentimentalism, tau entrenched no literary zog.

Tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev xav

Cov neeg sawv cev ci ntsa iab ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej yog Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich (1766-1826) thiab thaum ntxov Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich (1783-1852), cov no yog cov paub zoo. Koj tseem tuaj yeem sau npe rau ntau tus kws sau ntawv muaj kev ywj pheej - cov no yog A. M. Kutuzov, uas Radishchev tau mob siab rau "Kev Taug Kev ntawm St. Petersburg mus rau Moscow", M. N. Muravyov, sage thiab kws sau paj huam, I. I. Dmitriev, kws sau paj lug, fabulist thiab tus txhais lus, V. V. Kapnist thiab N. A. Lvov. Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws thiab ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv no yog Karamzin zaj dab neeg "Poor Liza". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov cim ntawm sentimentalism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Russia muaj txawv feature ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev qhia, kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Karamzin hais tias ib tug yuav tsum sau raws li ib tug hais. Yog li, lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab sentimentalism yog kev txhim kho cov lus sau ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Kuv xav kom nco ntsoov tias qhov kev ua tiav zoo lossis txawm tias qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov kev sau ntawv no yog tias nws yog thawj zaug tig mus rau lub ntiaj teb sab ntsuj plig ntawm tib neeg.cov chav kawm qis, nthuav tawm nws txoj kev nplua nuj thiab kev ua siab zoo ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Ua ntej cov neeg xav xav, cov neeg pluag feem ntau tau pom tias tsis zoo, siab tawv, tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm sab ntsuj plig.

"Txiv Lisa" yog qhov kawg ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev xav

Dab tsi yog cov cim qhia ntawm kev xav hauv "Por Liza"? Lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg yog uncomplicated. Nws ntxim nyiam tsis yog li ntawd. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua hauj lwm qhia rau cov neeg nyeem txog qhov tseeb tias lub ntiaj teb naturalness thiab nplua nuj ntawm Lisa, ib tug poj niam yooj yim, yog incomparably siab dua lub ntiaj teb no ntawm kev kawm zoo, secular, zoo-kawm Erast, nyob rau hauv dav dav, thiab ib tug zoo neeg, tab sis nyem los ntawm lub moj khaum ntawm conventions uas tsis tso cai rau nws mus yuav tus hluas nkauj hlub. Tab sis nws tsis txawm xav txog kev sib yuav, vim hais tias, tau ua tiav kev sib haum xeeb, Erast, tag nrho ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug, poob kev txaus siab rau Lisa, nws tau tso tseg los ua tus neeg purity thiab purity rau nws. Ib tug hluas nkauj neeg pluag, txawm tias tag nrho lub meej mom, tso siab rau ib tug txiv neej nplua nuj uas tau nqis los rau ib tug neeg sawv cev (uas yuav tsum hais txog qhov dav ntawm nws tus ntsuj plig thiab kev xav txog kev ywj pheej), yog thawj zaug doomed mus rau qhov kawg khiav mus rau lub pas dej. Tab sis qhov zoo ntawm zaj dab neeg yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txawv kiag li thiab kev xav ntawm cov xwm txheej banal uas tau them. Nws yog cov cim ntawm sentimentalism nyob rau hauv "Poor Lisa" (kev zoo nkauj ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm ib tug yooj yim tus neeg thiab xwm, cult ntawm kev hlub) uas ua rau zaj dab neeg incredibly nrov nrog contemporaries. Thiab lub pas dej, uas Liza poob nws tus kheej, pib hu ua nws lub npe (qhov chaw hauv zaj dab neeg tau qhia meej heev). Qhov tseeb hais tias zaj dab neeg tau los ua ib qho kev tshwm sim kuj yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ntawm cov tam sim no kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Soviet muaj yuav luag. Txhua leej txhua tus paub tias "Por Lisa" yog sau los ntawm Karamzin, raws li "Eugene Onegin" los ntawm Pushkin, thiab "Mtsyri" los ntawm Lermontov.

French

Sentimentalism nws tus kheej yog qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv tseeb dua li classicism nrog nws txoj kev xav thiab qhuav, nrog nws cov phab ej, uas, raws li txoj cai, tau crowned taub hau lossis generals. "Julia, los yog Tshiab Eloise" los ntawm Jean-Jacques Rousseau tawg rau hauv cov ntawv tseeb thiab tso lub hauv paus ntawm kev taw qhia tshiab. Twb tau nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub zog, cov cim qhia ntawm sentimentalism tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tsim ib tug tshiab artistic system uas glorified ib tug yooj yim tus neeg uas muaj peev xwm mus empathize nrog lwm tus yam tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau tus kheej, endlessly hlub cov neeg hlub, ua siab dawb siab zoo siab rau. kev zoo siab ntawm lwm tus.

zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv

Cov cim ntawm classicism thiab sentimentalism feem ntau coincide, vim hais tias ob qho tib si ntawm cov lus qhia no yog rau Enlightenment, tab sis lawv kuj muaj qhov sib txawv. Classicism glorifies thiab deifies lub siab, thiab sentimentalism - xav. Cov lus tshaj tawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv no kuj txawv: hauv classicism nws yog "tus neeg raug rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov laj thawj", hauv kev xav nws yog "tus neeg xav". Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sau ntawv kuj txawv - lub logic thiab nruj ntawm cov classicists, thiab cov hauj lwm ntawm cov sau phau ntawv tom qab cov lus qhia, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv digressions, piav qhia, memoirs thiab cov ntawv. Raws li cov lus hais saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm sentimentalism. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceebtej hauj lwm ntawm kev hlub. Ib hom ntawv tshwj xeeb - pastoral (elegy), sentimental story, letters and travel. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm muaj ib tug cult ntawm kev xav thiab xwm, ib tug ncaim ntawm ncaj nraim.