Tus kws kos npe kos npe rau ntawm daim duab yog dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias, xav txog cov haujlwm zoo nkauj ntawm cov tswv qub, peb tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tseeb tias leej twg yog tus sau daim duab no lossis daim duab ntawd. yooj yim "N. X." (tsis paub tus kws kos duab) hauv kaum sab xis, raws li txoj cai, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau. Nws yog qhov zoo nkauj me ntsis kom pom cov ntawv sau pib nrog cov lus "tus tswv …", tab sis nws tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb, vim tias, raws li txoj cai, nws tau ua raws li lub npe ntawm qee lub nroog me me lossis pawg ntseeg.

Nws pib nrog lub Renaissance

Cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab tsis tshua siv sijhawm los tawm ntawm daim duab qhia txog lawv txoj kev sau ntawv. Qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau qhov laj thawj: ua haujlwm nrog ib tus neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb, txoj haujlwm thib ob ntawm tus kws kos duab sib piv nrog Vajtswv, uas yog tus tsim txhua yam, thiab, vim li ntawd, tsis muaj kev xav muaj tswv yim thiab lub siab xav ua tiav. koob meej.

Nws yog lwm qhov teeb meem - cov kws kos duab thaum ub thiab cov sculptors uas ua siab tawv kos npe rau lawv tej hauj lwm tej zaum tsis muaj ib tug, tab sis ob kos npe ib zaug - ib tug potterthiab ib tug kws kos duab, uas tau ua ib hom qauv rau kev tshaj tawm niaj hnub no.

Tej zaum yog vim li no, nws yog Italian cov kws ua yeeb yam uas yog thawj zaug poob lawv qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv - tus tswv ntawm Renaissance - tshuav tsis tsuas yog kos npe rau ntawm lawv. tej hauj lwm, tab sis kuj qhia lub sij hawm ntawm creation thiab muab cov lus piav qhia tsim nyog rau canvases. Ib qho piv txwv meej tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws kos duab kos npe hauv cov duab kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm no yog kos npe ntawm Albrecht Dürer, uas nws cov haujlwm ua ntej tshaj plaws yeej ib txwm nrog cov lus qhia ntxaws.

Kuv, Albrecht Dürer ntawm Nuremberg, pleev xim rau kuv tus kheej nrog cov xim nyob mus ib txhis thaum muaj hnub nyoog 28.

Daim kos npe no tau tso tseg los ntawm tus tswv ntawm nws "Tus kheej-portrait hauv tus duab ntawm Tswv Yexus", sau rau xyoo 1550

rau lo lus nug ntawm nqe lus

Ua ntej saib lwm cov piv txwv ntawm cov kws kos duab kos npe ntawm cov duab kos, cia peb nkag siab cov ntsiab lus. Lub npe tiag tiag rau cov kos npe no yog dab tsi?

Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus tau nthuav tawm hauv lub vev xaib ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam, xws li lub tswv yim xws li kos npe yog qhia. Qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv los ntawm tus kws kos duab ntawm nws qhov kev sau ntawv, uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv kos npe, monogram lossis lwm yam kos npe xaiv los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus kws kos duab. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate tus nqi ntawm kos npe, vim hais tias nws yog cov pov thawj hais tias cov hauj lwm belongs rau ib tug tshwj xeeb artist, tso cai rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv thiab kos duab historians saib, kawm thiab kawm painting nyob rau hauv relation to nws tus sau thiab lub sij hawm.

Zoo, kos npe ntawm cov kws kos duab zoo nkauj hauv cov duab kos duab, nrog rau kev sib tham, nce tus nqi ntau zauscov paintings, thiab li no lawv tus nqi. Qhov no tau siv los ntawm qee cov kws ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb rau nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, lub npe nrov Pablo Picasso. Muaj ntau cov lus dab neeg hais txog nws txoj kev mob siab rau nyiaj txiag. Ntawm no yog ib tug ntawm lawv.

Twb tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm nws lub koob meej thiab tau txais koob meej thoob plaws ntiaj teb, Pablo txuas ntxiv ua neeg tsis zoo txog nyiaj txiag. Nws tau sim siv txhua lub sijhawm los khaws nws cov nyiaj khwv tau los nyuaj nrog nws thiab nto moo ncig cov ntiv tes ntawm cov tswv ntawm ntau lub tsev noj mov, qhov chaw uas nws nyiam so hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. Feem ntau, thaum cov neeg tos nqa daim nqi mus rau tus kws kos duab, nws yuav ua ntsej muag thiab teb li no: "Kuv cia li tso ib daim duab me me rau ntawm daim ntawv no?"

Tab sis rov qab rau kev dag. Kev kos npe feem ntau yog forged, uas ua rau cov neeg saib yuam kev. Tab sis muaj cov xwm txheej thaum kos npe cuav yog qhov zoo. Piv txwv li, ib tug ntawm cov paintings los ntawm Dutch artist Josef Israels, nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv lub sau ntawm Christie's, tau kos npe rau hauv lub npe ntawm lwm Dutch artist - Bernardus Johannes Blommers. Qhov kev dag ntxias tau ua txhaum thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, tej zaum txhawm rau txhawm rau zais cov neeg Yudais keeb kwm ntawm nws tus sau thiab tiv thaiv nws ntawm kev puas tsuaj.

Nyob rau xyoo 2000s thaum ntxov, tus neeg tsim khoom yog tus kheej tsim, thiab kos npe tiag tiag ntawm tus kws kos duab ntawm daim duab raug xa rov qab. Keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab paub ntau lwm yam piv txwv zoo sib xws, tab sis feem ntau, kev dag ntawm kos npe ua rau muaj kev npau taws ncaj ncees ntawm lawv cov neeg tsim, uas raug yuam kom tiv thaiv lawv txoj cai hauv tsev hais plaub.

Tam sim no cia peb saib qee qhov kos npe ntawm cov kws kos duab hauv cov duab kos duab ntawm xyoo pua 19.

YPierre Auguste Renoir

Rau ntau tus neeg nyiam ua yeeb yam, suav nrog Renoir, nws yog tus yam ntxwv uas thoob plaws hauv lawv txoj haujlwm ua tus kws kos duab, kos npe hauv cov duab kos tsis tau hloov pauv.

Renoir muab tso rau hauv cov duab tsuas yog ib qho zoo nkauj ntawm nws lub xeem thiab ntxiv rau lub xyoo uas pleev xim rau. Muaj tsawg zaus, nws tsuas yog siv thawj tsab ntawv xwb - R. Interestingly, Renoir's autograph yog txawv heev los ntawm kos npe los ntawm tus kws kos duab hauv cov duab kos.

Gustav Klimt

kos npe ntawm tus kws kos duab Austrian no yog qhov tsis ntseeg, txawm hais tias nws zoo li qub thiab meej heev. Klimt faib nws thawj thiab lub xeem ua ob kab, muab ib qho saum toj rau lwm qhov. Kev sau nws tus kheej yog qhov txawv heev uas tam sim no tseem muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb font hu ua Klimt.

Vincent van Gogh

Cov duab ntawm tus kws kos duab, yog li kev hlub los ntawm ntau tus neeg nyiam ua yeeb yam, tau tsom mus rau lub xyoo ntawm nws lub neej ntawm Fabkis haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm Dutchman mus rau Paris, nws tau sau tseg tias rau ntau tus Fabkis, kev hais lus ntawm nws lub xeem - van Gogh - zoo li nyuaj heev. Vim li no, tus kws kos npe kos npe rau hauv daim duab tau luv luv rau lub npe xwb, thiaj li tsis tsim kev nyuaj rau cov phooj ywg Fabkis ntxiv.

Edvard Munch

Norwegian neeg pleev kob kuj nyiam kos npe rau tag nrho nwspaintings, nrog rau cov duab thiab cov ntawv. Nws kos npe los ntawm ib qho yooj yim EM monogram los sau nws lub npe tag nrho. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau kos npe yog ib feem ntawm daim ntawv luv luv ntawm lub npe - E. Munch lossis Edv. Munch.

Munch yog tus qhuas ntawm Van Gogh txoj haujlwm, thiab yog li ntawd nws qiv lub tswv yim los sau ib qho ntawm nws cov duab, "Starry Night", los ntawm tus mlom. Xav zais qhov xwm txheej no, hauv daim duab thib ob ntawm "nws" daim duab, nws nyiam tso qhov kos npe tsis tshua pom, thaum thawj version nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav.

Ivan Aivazovsky

Tsawg tus neeg paub tias lub npe tiag tiag ntawm tus kws kos duab yog Hovhannes Ayvazyan. Nws txiv, tau tsiv mus rau Feodosia, rau qee lub sij hawm sau nws lub xeem lub npe li "Gayvazovsky", liam nyob rau hauv Polish yam. Thiab mus txog rau xyoo 1840s. tus kws kos npe kos npe rau ntawm daim duab yog feem ntau tsuas yog xaiv "Guy", uas yog, tus tsiaj ntawv rau leej txiv lub npe. Tom qab ntawd, txawm li cas los xij, nws txiav txim siab thaum kawg hloov nws lub xeem, nws kos npe rau nws cov duab tom qab nrog "Aivazovsky".

Nws kuj tseem ceeb heev uas thaum pib ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, Aivazovsky tau siv cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic hauv nws kos npe, tab sis tom qab ntawd, thaum nws cov koob meej maj mam nthuav mus thoob ntiaj teb, nws pib siv cov tsiaj ntawv Latin.

Zoo zoo, ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho hauv Is Taws Nem, niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam kev pabcuam uas cov duab kos npe kos npe ntawm cov duab pleev xim muaj dawb, uas txhais tau hais tias txhua tus neeg uas nyiam lub ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem nrhiav tau yooj yim.thiab tshawb nrhiav. Nws yooj yim heev.

Tam sim no peb paub cov npe ntawm tus kws kos npe kos npe rau ntawm daim duab, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau peb tus kheej ntawm lawv tus kheej kos npe zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab qub.