Theatre of the absurd. Kev tshawb nrhiav lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, lossis kev tawm tsam nrog cov tswv yim

Cov txheej txheem:

Theatre of the absurd. Kev tshawb nrhiav lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, lossis kev tawm tsam nrog cov tswv yim
Theatre of the absurd. Kev tshawb nrhiav lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, lossis kev tawm tsam nrog cov tswv yim

Video: Theatre of the absurd. Kev tshawb nrhiav lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, lossis kev tawm tsam nrog cov tswv yim

Video: Theatre of the absurd. Kev tshawb nrhiav lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, lossis kev tawm tsam nrog cov tswv yim
Video: Как принимать витамин D3? | Доктор Ирина Мироновна 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Thaum saib kev ua yeeb yam ntawm qee tus neeg ua yeeb yam, piv txwv li, Eugene Ionesco, ib tus tuaj yeem hla qhov tshwm sim hauv ntiaj teb kos duab raws li kev ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Yuav kom nkag siab txog dab tsi ua rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no, koj yuav tsum tig mus rau keeb kwm ntawm 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.

Dab tsi yog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm absurd (drama of absurd)

Nyob rau hauv lub 50s, productions tshwm sim thawj zaug, zaj dab neeg uas zoo nkaus li tsis muaj qab hau kiag li rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev ua yeeb yam no yog kev sib cais ntawm tus txiv neej los ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab lub cev ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam ntawm theem, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus tsis sib xws.

theatre ntawm absurd
theatre ntawm absurd

Cov yeeb yaj kiab tshiab tau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov cai ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab tsis paub txog ib tus tub ceev xwm. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai tau sib tw. Qhov tshiab theatrical tshwm sim, uas rau qee qhov tsis lees paub cov kev nom kev tswv thiab kev sib raug zoo, yog qhov ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Lub tswv yim yog thawj zaug siv los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thuam Martin Esslin tsuas yog xyoo 1962. Tab sis qee tus playwrights tsis pom zoo rau lo lus no. Piv txwv li, Eugene Ionesco tau thov kom lub npe tshiab tshwm sim"the theatre of mockery"

History and sources

Ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm cov kev taw qhia tshiab yog ob peb Fab Kis thiab ib tus kws sau ntawv Irish. Eugene Ionesco thiab Samuel Beckett muaj peev xwm yeej qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws los ntawm cov neeg saib. Jean Genet thiab Arthur Adamov kuj tau pab txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hom.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thawj zaug tuaj rau E. Ionesco. Tus kws sau nkauj tau sim kawm lus Askiv siv phau ntawv kawm tus kheej. Nws yog thaum ntawd nws tau mob siab rau qhov tseeb tias ntau qhov kev sib tham thiab kab hauv phau ntawv kawm tsis sib haum xeeb. Nws pom tias nyob rau hauv cov lus zoo tib yam muaj ntau absurdity, uas feem ntau hloov txawm ntse thiab pompous lo lus mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lus kiag li.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees tag nrho hais tias tsuas yog ob peb tus kws ua yeeb yaj kiab Fabkis tau koom nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev coj tshiab. Tom qab tag nrho, cov existentialists hais txog qhov absurdity ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Thawj zaug, lub ntsiab lus no tau tsim los ntawm A. Camus, uas nws txoj haujlwm tau cuam tshuam los ntawm F. Kafka thiab F. Dostoevsky. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog E. Ionesco thiab S. Beckett uas tau xaiv thiab coj mus rau theem ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg.

theatre ntawm absurd ua yeeb yam ntawm absurd
theatre ntawm absurd ua yeeb yam ntawm absurd

Nkauj tawm tshiab

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, cov kev taw qhia tshiab hauv kev ua yeeb yam tsis kam lees ua yeeb yam classical. Cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws rau nws yog:

- cov ntsiab lus zoo heev uas koom nrog kev muaj tiag hauv kev ua si;

- qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke: tragicomedy, comic melodrama, tragic farce - uas tau pib hloov qhov "dawb huv";

-siv hauv kev tsim cov ntsiab lus uas raug rau lwm hom kev kos duab (chorus, pantomime, suab paj nruag);

- nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov tsoos dynamic ua nyob rau theem, raws li nws yog yav tas los nyob rau hauv classical productions, static prevails nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia tshiab;

- ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb uas qhia txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg yog kev hais lus ntawm cov cim ntawm kev tsim tawm tshiab: zoo li lawv sib txuas lus nrog lawv tus kheej, vim tias cov neeg koom tes tsis mloog thiab tsis teb rau ib leeg cov lus., tab sis tsuas yog hais lawv cov monologues nyob rau hauv void.

theatre ntawm absurd tswvyim
theatre ntawm absurd tswvyim

Nyob ntawm absurdity

Qhov tseeb tias qhov kev taw qhia tshiab hauv kev ua yeeb yam muaj ob peb tus tsim ib zaug piav qhia txog kev faib tawm ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg rau hauv hom:

1. Nihilistic tsis muaj tseeb. Cov no yog cov haujlwm uas twb muaj npe E. Ionescu thiab Hildesheimer. Lawv qhov kev ua si sib txawv ntawm qhov uas cov neeg tuaj saib tsis nkag siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev ua si thoob plaws qhov kev ua yeeb yam.

2. Qhov thib ob hom absurdity qhia txog kev chaos thoob ntiaj teb thiab, raws li ib qho ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb, txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha no, cov hauj lwm ntawm S. Beckett thiab A. Adamov tau raug tsim, uas nrhiav kev qhia txog qhov tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb hauv tib neeg lub neej.

3. satirical absurdity. Raws li lub npe qhia, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov kev txav no Dürrenmatt, Nyom, Frisch thiab Havel tau sim thuam qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lawv cov kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub no thiab tib neeg kev ntshaw.

Keyworks of theatre of the absurd

Dab tsi yog qhov ua yeeb yam ntawm absurd, cov neeg tuaj saib tau kawm tom qab premiere ntawm "The Bald Singer" los ntawm E. Ionesco thiab"Waiting for Godot" los ntawm S. Beckett.

Ib yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim cov "Tsev Neeg Hu Nkauj" yog tus uas yuav tsum tau ua tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb tsis tshwm sim ntawm theem. Tsuas muaj ob khub niam txiv nyob rau theem, uas nws qhov kev ua tau zoo li qub. Lawv cov lus tsis sib haum thiab tag nrho ntawm cliches, uas ntxiv qhia txog daim duab ntawm absurdity ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv. Xws li incoherent, tab sis kiag li cov lus hais raug rov qab los ntawm cov cim ntau dua. Cov lus, uas los ntawm nws qhov xwm txheej yog tsim los ua kom kev sib txuas lus yooj yim, hauv kev ua si tsuas yog tau txais txoj hauv kev.

dab tsi yog theatre ntawm absurd
dab tsi yog theatre ntawm absurd

Nyob rau hauv Beckett qhov kev ua si "Tos rau Godot", ob lub cim tsis muaj zog tseem tos rau ib qho Godot. Tsis tsuas yog tus cwj pwm no yeej tsis tshwm sim thoob plaws txhua qhov kev ua, dhau li ntawd, tsis muaj leej twg paub nws. Nws yog noteworthy tias lub npe ntawm no tsis paub hero yog txuam nrog lus Askiv lo lus Vajtswv, i.e. "Vajtswv". Cov yeeb yaj kiab nco qab txog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lawv lub neej, thiab tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis tshuav nrog kev ntshai thiab tsis paub tseeb, vim tias tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los ua kom tiv thaiv tib neeg.

Yog li no, theatre of absurd proves that the meaning of human existence only can find in realizing that it has no meaning.

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