Ib tug epigram is a lyric poem-miniature

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Epigram yog ib hom kev sib cais ntawm cov nkauj me me - paj huam uas ib tus neeg lossis cov xwm txheej hauv zej zog raug thuam. Lo lus los ntawm Greek lo lus epigramma, uas txhais tau tias "sib sau".

Kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus arbitrary

Lub epigram yog keeb kwm hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub thiab yog thawj zaug muaj cov ntawv sau nrog qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub goblet, lub nkoj, lub tuam tsev portico lossis ib qho chaw siab ntawm ib tug pej thuam. Nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug poetic inscription hloov, rau cov Romans, ib tug epigram yog ib tug satirical paj huam. Nyob rau hauv ancient Greek paj huam, lub epigram pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7-6th BC.

thawj classic ntawm hom no yog Simonides ntawm Keos. Ntau tus epigrams hais txog cov tub rog ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Persia yog ntaus nqi rau tus sau ntawm ancient sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv thawj ib puas xyoo BC, anthology ntawm Greek epigrams tau xub tsim, uas suav nrog txog 4,000 tej hauj lwm, txheeb los ntawm kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, nyob rau hauv Latin cov ntaub ntawv, epigrams nrog ancient kab lig kev cai txuas ntxiv lawv txoj kev loj hlob - inscriptions ntawm tombs, lub tsev teev ntuj thiab ntau lub tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, poetic epigrams tau nrov nrogCov kws sau paj huam Renaissance.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyob sab Europe

Epigram hauv European cov ntaub ntawv yog ib daim ntawv me me ntawm satire, los ntawm cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas ib tus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm. Thawj tus uas pib sau epigrams hauv Tebchaws Europe yog cov kws sau ntawv Fabkis - Racine, Voltaire, La Fontaine, Rousseau. Ib me ntsis tom qab, daim ntawv no kis mus rau lwm yam ntawm European cov ntaub ntawv.

Russia cov ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg, lub epigram tau pom meej meej nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th: Bogdanovich, Lomonosov, Kheraskov, Kantemir, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis nws mus txog nws siab tshaj plaws kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Dmitriev, Pushkin., Vyazemsky. Lub sijhawm no, lub epigram yog kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm tus kheej cov xwm txheej nom tswv, kev sau ntawv zoo, tus kheej nto moo, cov neeg pej xeem. Feem ntau, lawv tsis tau luam tawm, tab sis tseem nyob hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv. Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th yog P. A. Vyazemsky, A. S. Pushkin, E. A. Baratynsky, S. A. Sobolevsky. Pushkin's epigrams tau txawv los ntawm kev hloov maj mam, piv txwv li, sau rau ntawm F. V. Bulgarin, A. A. Arakcheev thiab A. N. Golitsyn. Txawm hais tias qee qhov ntawm nws cov kev tsim hauv hom no ua tib zoo txuas ntxiv cov kev cai Greek thaum ub ("Curious", "Movement").

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub epigram (kav paj huam ntawm hom tsoos) rov qab mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab cov paj huam hais txog cov lus paj huam tau nce. Cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm nws tau tsim los ntawm V. S. Kurochkin, D. D. Minaev, M. L. Mikhailov, N. A. Nekrasov. Tom qab ntawd, ntau lwm tus kws sau ntawv zoo tau sau cov ntawv epigrams: A. A. Fet, F. I. Tyutchev, A. N. Apukhtin, thiaj li hu ua cov kws sau paj huam me kuj tau sim ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej hauv hom ntawv no, muaj ib qho piv txwv ntawm epigrams sau los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam - N. S. Leskov, F. M. Dostoevsky. Nyob rau hauv Soviet cov ntaub ntawv, lub epigram feem ntau raug xa mus los ntawm S. Ya. Marshak, V. V. Mayakovsky, A. G. Arkhangelsky, Demyan Bedny thiab ntau lwm tus.

Los ntawm Antiquity rau Modernity

Cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub thiab cov kws sau paj huam kuj tau them nqi rau cov epigram, uas txuas ntxiv mus rau cov neeg coob coob tsis yog hauv kev luam, tab sis kuj hais lus. Ib tug ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws epigrammatists ntawm peb lub sij hawm yog tus zoo heev actor Valentin Gaft. Nws yog tus sau ntawm ntau qhov kawg ntawm poetic cartoons qhia rau nws cov phooj ywg ua yeeb yam. Gaft's epigrams yog qhov kev tawm tsam zoo rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv tsev, cov yeeb yaj kiab, thiab txawm tias cov nom tswv. Tus kws kos duab "cheb" ntau tus neeg, raws li tus sau nws tus kheej hais tias, "noj lawv ciaj sia." Cov khoom ntawm nws tawm tsam yog: Liya Akhedzhakova, Galina Volchek, Oleg Dal, Armen Dzhigarkhanyan, Vasily Lanovoy, Oleg Tabakov. Tom qab tso tawm zaj duab xis Peb nyob rau hauv ib lub nkoj, tsis suav tus aub, Gaft tsim ib tug epigram rau Alexander Shirvindt, Andrei Mironov thiab Mikhail Derzhavin. Ntau tus tau tawm tsam los ntawm Gaft's epigrams, suav nrog tsev neeg ntawm Sergei Mikhalkov. Cov khoom ntawm Gaft's satire yog cov duab "Peb Musketeers" thiab Vladimir Zhirinovsky.

Epigram yog ib qho ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, feem ntau cov cim tshwj xeeb uas tshwm sim hauvsib sib zog nqus antiquity, tsis tau ploj mus rau ob peb centuries, tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no thiab tseem yog nrov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov satirists thiab parodists.