Duab paj huam

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Poetic art, zoo li lwm yam, muaj ntau yam. Paj huam yog dab tsi? Tej zaum, leej twg tuaj yeem nco qab los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov lus qhia xws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm paj huam xws li ntsuas los yog cov lus sib dhos. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, rhyme thiab 'meter' tsuas yog sab nraud tsis ua hauj lwm, yog li hais, nws "cov yam ntxwv txuj ci". Lawv tsuas pab qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj paj huam. Ib tug kws sau paj lug tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev txawj ntse, tab sis tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov hu ua "poetic duab". Nov yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm paj huam, tsis cuam tshuam nrog daim ntawv, tab sis nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj paj huam.

Ib daim duab kos duab embodies cov kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm nws tus tsim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus tsim feem ntau sim qhia nws txoj kev xav, zoo li yog hla cov lus thiab kab lus ib txwm muaj. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau paj huam. Tsis xav tsis thoob Yunna Moritz wrote:

Paj huam cia nws lub qhov ncauj kaw.

Tus kws sau paj huam Yunna Moritz tib zaj paj huam "The Blue Beast" tau sau tias lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kos duab paj huam yog "lub npehu nkauj, tab sis tsis txhob muab tawm." Los ntawm "lub npe" ntawm no peb txhais tau tias lub tswv yim, lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj paj huam, nws cov ntsiab lus, nws lub hauv paus, tab sis tus nyeem ntawv tuaj yeem nrhiav "lub npe" hauv zaj paj huam nkaus xwb los ntawm kev xav, txij thaum nws yog "pob ntseg" los ntawm tus nyeem ntawv lub siab nco qab los ntawm kev nthuav qhia Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm cov kws sau paj huam, thiab ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws poetic txhais tau tias, subjugating tus so, yog lub thiaj li hu ua poetic duab.

Etymology ntawm phenomenon

Feem ntau, cov kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm tus tsim yog embodied nyob rau hauv creativity nrog kev pab los ntawm cov duab. Feem ntau, qhov no yog dab tsi - ib daim duab? Cia peb saib lub etymology ntawm lo lus no. Nws tuaj rau Lavxias teb sab los ntawm Laus Slavonic, qhov twg nws txhais tau tias "lub ntsej muag" los yog "cheek". Lo lus "duab" kuj siv hauv Greek hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "icon", "duab".

Lub ntsiab ntawm qhov tshwm sim

Txhua yam kev kos duab (xws li poetic) duab xaiv los ntawm tus tsim los qhia nws txoj kev xav tau paub rau cov neeg nyeem nruab nrab. Qhov no feem ntau yog qee yam khoom lossis qhov tshwm sim, piv txwv li, ib qho xwm txheej ntuj uas peb feem ntau saib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws kos duab nthuav tawm qhov tshwm sim no hauv txoj hauv kev uas nws dheev qhib rau tus nyeem ntawv hauv lub teeb tshiab. Cov kev tsim ci ntsa iab nthuav tawm hauv cov khoom paub thiab cov xwm txheej nyob ib puag ncig peb yam tsis muaj leej twg pom hauv lawv. Thiab ces qhov khoom lossis qhov tshwm sim dhau los ua qhov tshwm sim hauv kev kawm.

Ib daim duab poetic pab tsim kom muaj kev sib piv kom ntxaws, ntxiv rau, ntawm cov khoom lossis cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws, uas tsis muaj leej twg pom. Los yog tej zaum,Cov khoom lossis cov xwm txheej raug xaiv sab nraud zoo ib yam li ib leeg, tab sis tus tsim pom cov ntsiab lus tsis xav txog ntawm kev sib cuag.

Qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm tus piv txwv ntawm M. Tsvetaeva's paj huam

Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm qhov kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws yog Marina Tsvetaeva's "Cov Paj Huam ntawm Roob". Zoo, nws yuav zoo li, lub roob - txhua tus menyuam paub tias nws yog dab tsi. Txawm li cas los xij, rau M. Tsvetaeva, daim duab ntawm lub roob tsuas yog ib qho txhais tau tias rau cov neeg nyeem kom nkag siab txog qhov tsis tau pom dua lub zog ntawm kev mob siab rau cov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab. Nws yog kev mob siab rau qhov loj ntawm lub roob siab, cov saum uas raug coj mus rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej:

Vim peb los hauv ntiaj teb no -

Celestial of Love

Tau delved rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tswv yim nyuaj, peb yuav sim teb cov lus nug uas cov duab poetic feem ntau pom hauv paj huam.

A Study phenomenon in pej xeem art

Peb yuav tsum zaum pib nrog cov duab ntawm xwm. Nws tau dhau los ua ntau yam hauv cov paj huam ntawm ntau tus kws sau paj huam. Ntawm cov hauj lwm uas cov duab ntawm xwm plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog cov ntsiab lus toj roob hauv pes, thiab kev xav, thiab kev hlub paj huam, uas qhov xwm tsuas yog txhais tau tias yuav qhia meej, piav qhia thiab tshaj tawm qhia tus sau txoj kev xav.

Nrog toj roob hauv pes lyrics, tej zaum, txhua yam yog tseeb - ntawm no xwm ua raws li ib yam khoom ntawm kev pe hawm, qhuas, qhuas. Txhawm rau cuam tshuam nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm xwm hauv kev hlub lyrics, cia peb tig mus rau pej xeem kos duab. Nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv ntawm pej xeem lyrical song, xws li ib tug poetictxhais tau tias ua piv txwv parallelism. Nws lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv kev sib piv lub xeev ntawm ib tug neeg, nws txoj kev xav, nws txoj kev xav thiab kev paub nrog lub ntuj lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov nkauj tsim nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, ib stanza feem ntau piav txog ib tug tej yam ntuj tso phenomenon, lwm yam - ib tug zoo tib yam lub xeev ntawm tib neeg ntsuj plig:

Yuav tsis pom lub hnub liab hauv huab cua.

Kruchinna liab ntxhais, tu siab;

Tsis muaj leej twg paub nws qhov twist.

Cov duab paj huam ntawm xwm nyob rau hauv kev ua paj huam

Poets kuj siv los piv lub xeev lub siab ntawm ib tug lyrical hero nrog txawv xeev ntawm xwm.

Kuv txias - koj puas paub?

Kuv txias - koj puas hnov?…

Txoj Kev

Nyob hauv phab ntsa, tab sis tsis muaj ru tsev.

Thiab ntuj puv lub qhov, Thiab saum ntuj caplets…

- Kuv tau poob kuv lub rake ntawm cov av nkos.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Ntxawm hauv qab lub tsho, Cold fingers torment chamomile.

Chamomile said:

-Tsis nyiam…Kuv paub!

Tsis muaj fairy, tsis muaj mermaids -

Txoj kev hav zoov!

Kuv ua tau txhua yam, Kuv tsis xav quaj, Tab sis kuv quaj dua

Nyob rau hauv no slush, Ua kom lub suab quaj

Ntawm, siab dua.

-Hlub koj! Koj puas paub?

Hlub koj, koj puas hnov?!

Hauv zaj paj huam no los ntawm M. I. Tsvetaeva, qhov kev xav ntawm kev tsis muaj tsev nyob uas peb txhua tus xav tias thaum lub caij ntuj no txias yog sib xyaw nrog kev iab ntawm kev xav tob rau tus hlub, tab sis tsis hlub tus neeg. Nws tseem tsis paub meej tias yog vim li caslub lyrical heroine yog txias, los yog es, vim li cas nws yog txias: los ntawm huab cua los yog perceived tsis nyiam. Thiab qhov no tsuas yog txhim kho qhov kev xav.

Daim duab paj huam. Foom koob hmoov los yog foom koob hmoov?

Lwm daim duab zoo nkauj tsim los ntawm cov luminaries ntawm lo lus yog cov duab paj huam. Yog lawm, poetic art nws tus kheej feem ntau hu los ntawm nws cov tub qhe. Cia wb tham luv luv txog qhov tshwm sim no.

Cov duab ntawm paj huam nyob rau hauv cov paj huam ntawm A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov thiab lwm tus yeej txuam nrog lyrical hero (tus qauv uas feem ntau yog tus kws sau paj lug nws tus kheej), nws lub txiaj ntsim, txoj hmoo thiab txoj hmoo. Feem ntau cov paj huam uas nthuav tawm cov duab ntawm paj huam muaj nyob rau hauv philosophical lyrics. Feem ntau, cov kws sau paj lug nug txog ib lo lus nug: kev foom koob hmoov lossis kev foom tsis zoo yog lub txiaj ntsim saum ntuj ceeb tsheej muab rau lawv. Cov duab ntawm paj huam pab qhia kev xaiv ntawm nws cov tub qhe: tus kws sau paj lug yog ib tug yaj saub, ib tug tub qhe ntawm Vajtswv, hu ua los ntawm Nws los ua ib tug tsis tu ncua chim siab rau lub zej zog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsis txhob cia lub zej zog nyob rau hauv indifference. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov duab ntawm tus yaj saub tau siv nyob rau hauv cov paj huam ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov los qhia txog kev xaiv ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Nov yog lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov duab txawj ntse hauv kev hais lus paj huam.

Cov duab ntawm paj huam raws li ib tug txaus ntshai kos duab, tas li thov cov ntshav ntawm nws cov tub qhe, yog ices rau qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Nikolai Gumilyov paj huam "Lub Magic Violin", mob siab rau Valery Bryusov:

Peb yuav tsum hu nkauj mus ib txhis thiab quaj rau cov hlua no, cov hlua khi, Ib txwm yuav tsumntaus, twist ib rab hneev vwm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub, thiab nyob rau hauv lub blizzard, nyob rau hauv lub whitening surf, Thiab thaum sab hnub poob kub hnyiab, thiab sab hnub tuaj kub hnyiab.

Koj yuav nkees thiab qeeb, thiab kev hu nkauj yuav nres ib pliag, Thiab koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem qw, txav thiab ua pa, -

Tam sim no rabid hma nyob rau hauv ib tug bloodthirsty frenzy

Lawv yuav tuav rawv hauv caj pas, sawv ntsug nrog ob txhais tes ntawm lub hauv siab.

Koj yuav nkag siab ces luag luag txhua yam uas hu, Ib tug belated tab sis muaj zog ntshai yuav saib rau hauv lub qhov muag.

Thiab qhov txias txias ntawm kev tuag yuav npog lub cev zoo li daim ntaub, Tus nkauj nyab yuav quaj, tus phooj ywg yuav xav.

Feem ntau, cov nqe lus ntawm cov kws sau paj huam sib txawv, nthuav tawm cov duab paj huam thiab tus kws sau paj huam, zoo ib yam li lawv tsim.

Daim duab ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov lus ntawm A. A. Blok

Lwm daim duab tseem ceeb heev rau kev nkag siab cov paj huam Lavxias yog daim duab ntawm lub teb chaws. Nws yog inextricably txuas nrog cov duab ntawm xwm, vim hais tias kev hlub rau lub motherland feem ntau pib nrog kev hlub rau cov haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau cov paj huam qhuas txog "kev zoo nkauj yooj yim" ntawm Lavxias teb sab xwm thiab dhau los ntawm Russia nws tus kheej, muaj ob peb zaj paj huam uas cov duab ntawm motherland plays lub luag haujlwm ywj pheej thiab tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau piav qhia qhov tau hais, Kuv xav nyob hauv cov lus ntawm Alexander Alexandrovich Blok.

Rau tus kws sau paj lug no, cov duab paj huam ntawm leej niam tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov duab hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws cov lus. Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam rau nws lub teb chaws yog txawv txawv: rau nws nws yog ib tug neeg nyob, thiab tsis yog txhua tus neeg, tab sis ib tug hlub poj niam, uas nws paub tsis meej.ib tug kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv kev hlub thiab sim dua thiab dhau mus unravel nyob rau hauv nws cov paj huam. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv voj voog "Nyob rau hauv Kulikovo Field", cov dluab ntawm tus hlub poj niam thiab cov haiv neeg lub teb chaws xyaum ua ke mus ua ib tug:

Auj, kuv Russia! Kuv poj niam! Mob siab heev

Peb muaj txoj kev mus ntev!

Tus kws sau paj lug yog cag rau nws lub teb chaws nrog tag nrho nws lub siab thiab tib lub sijhawm, paub tias nws yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev ntau ntxiv, nws tso siab rau nws lub neej yav tom ntej (excerpt from the poem "Russia":

Thiab kuv ua tib zoo nqa kuv tus ntoo khaub lig…

Txawm yog dab tsi koj xav tau

Muab kuv lub siab phem!

Cia nws dag thiab dag, -

Koj tsis ploj, koj yuav tsis tuag, Thiab tsuas yog kev saib xyuas yuav huab

Koj cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj…

Blok cov paj huam yog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov duab ntawm niam teb hauv paj huam. Lawv yog cov tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv uas, nrog lawv intimate lub siab dawb paug, lawv ua rau koj tsis nco qab ntau npaum li cas txog pej xeem, tab sis hais txog kev hlub lyrics. Thaiv kho nws lub teb chaws raws nraim li nws tus poj niam hlub.

Zoo kawg

Maxim Shvets hauv nws phau ntawv "Technology ntawm Lavxias teb sab versification" txhais paj huam raws li "tus qauv sau ntawv thiab kos duab hais lus". Nws ua raws los ntawm qhov no tias qhov kev kawm tshwm sim hauv kev hais lus poetic yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Yog hais tias rhyme thiab loj streamline poetic hais lus, npaj nws daim ntawv, ces dluab yog lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab cov ntshav ntawm ib zaj paj huam, lawv qhia rau cov neeg nyeem cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg, nws cov ntsiab lus, lub ntsiab lus, paub tsis meej. Tsis yog ib lo lus, tsis loj, tab sisib daim duab poetic los ntawm cov lus tsim ib zaj paj huam thiab ua tiag tiag art.