Ntau hom lus hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Lyric hom ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov nkauj ntawm cov nkauj tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv kos duab syncretic. Hauv pem hauv ntej yog cov kev paub ntawm tus kheej thiab kev xav ntawm tus neeg. Lyrics yog hom ntaub ntawv tshaj plaws. Nws qhov ntau yog dav heev. Lyrical tej hauj lwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm laconism ntawm kev qhia, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev xav, kev xav thiab kev paub. Los ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov nkauj, tus kws sau paj huam embodies qhov nws txhawj xeeb, chim siab lossis txaus siab.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Lo lus nws tus kheej los ntawm Greek lo lus lyra (ib hom suab paj nruag). Cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm ancient sij hawm ua lawv tej hauj lwm rau accompaniment ntawm lyre. Cov nkauj yog nyob ntawm qhov kev paub thiab kev xav ntawm tus protagonist. Nws feem ntau raug txheeb xyuas nrog tus sau, uas tsis yog qhov tseeb. Tus cwj pwm ntawm tus hero feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua thiab kev ua. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm tus kws sau ncaj qha tus yam ntxwv. Ib qho chaw tseem ceeb yog muab rau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm qhov tsos. Feem ntau siv monologue. Kev sib tham tsis tshua muaj.

Kev xav yog suav tias yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev qhia. Hauv qee qhov haujlwm, hom epic, lyrics thiab ua yeeb yam yog intertwined. Nyob rau hauv lyrical compositions tsis muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws. Hauv qee qhovmuaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus phab ej. Tseem muaj "lub luag hauj lwm" lyrics. Nyob rau hauv xws li tej hauj lwm, tus sau plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg sib txawv.

Ntau hom lus hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm hom kev kos duab. Tshwj xeeb nrog kev pleev xim thiab suab paj nruag.

Types of lyrics

Raws li ib hom ntawv nyeem, cov nkauj tau tsim nyob rau hauv Ancient Greece. Qhov siab tshaj plaws flowering tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ancient Rome. Nrov kws sau paj huam: Anacreon, Horace, Ovid, Pindar, Sappho. Nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance, Shakespeare thiab Petrarch sawv tawm. Thiab nyob rau hauv 18-19 centuries lub ntiaj teb no xav tsis thoob los ntawm cov paj huam ntawm Goethe, Byron, Pushkin thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Ntau yam ntawm cov nkauj ua ib hom: los ntawm kev nthuav qhia - xav txog lossis qhia; los ntawm lub ntsiab lus - toj roob hauv pes lossis nroog, kev sib raug zoo lossis kev sib raug zoo, thiab lwm yam.; los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb - me los yog loj, comic los yog heroic, idyllic los yog dramatic.

Types of lyrics: verse (poetry), dramatized (role-playing), prose.

Kev faib tawm cov ntsiab lus

Ib hom lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem muaj ntau yam kev faib tawm. Feem ntau, cov ntawv sau no tau muab faib los ntawm cov ncauj lus.

• Civil. Cov teeb meem hauv zej zog thiab kev xav tau tshwm sim ua ntej.
• Kev sib raug zoo. Nws qhia txog tus kheej kev paub dhau los ntawm tus protagonist. Muab faib ua tej yam nram no: kev hlub, kev phooj ywg, tsev neeg, erotic.
• philosophical. Nws embodies kev paub txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, ua, teeb meem ntawm qhov zoo thiab phem.
• Kev ntseeg. Kev xav thiabkev paub txog qhov siab dua thiab sab ntsuj plig.
• Txoj kev. Qhia tus phab ej txoj kev xav ntawm ntuj tsim.
• Satirical. Tshaj tawm tib neeg thiab kev ua phem rau tib neeg.

Varieties by genre

Cov nkauj muaj ntau yam. Nov yog:

1. Ib zaj nkauj yog ib zaj nkauj uas qhia txog kev ua koob tsheej zoo siab uas tsim los ntawm qee qhov xwm txheej zoo lossis kev paub tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, "Hymn to the Plague" los ntawm A. S. Pushkin.

2. Invective. Txhais tau hais tias tam sim no denunciation los yog satirical thuam ntawm ib tug neeg tiag tiag. Hom ntawv no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm semantic thiab cov qauv duality.

3. Madrigal. Thaum pib, cov no yog cov paj huam uas piav txog lub neej nyob deb nroog. Ob peb centuries tom qab, lub madrigal yog ho hloov. Nyob rau hauv lub 18th thiab 19th centuries, cov no yog free-form lyric tej hauj lwm uas qhuas tus poj niam zoo nkauj thiab muaj ib tug qhuas. Ib hom paj huam zoo nkauj muaj nyob hauv Pushkin, Lermontov, Karamzin, Sumarokov thiab lwm tus.

4. Oda yog ib zaj nkauj qhuas. Qhov no yog ib hom paj huam, thaum kawg tsim nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm classicism. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lo lus no tau qhia los ntawm V. Trediakovsky (1734). Tam sim no nws twb tau txuas nrog cov kev cai classical. Muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm qhov tsis sib haum xeeb stylistic nyiam hauv nws. Lomonosov lub solemn odes paub (tsim ib tug metaphorical style), Sumarokov's anacreontic odes, thiab Derzhavin's hluavtaws odes.

5. Nkauj (suab) yog ib qho ntawm cov lus hais thiab suab paj nruag. Muaj lyrical, epic, lyro-dramatic, lyro-epic. Lyric songs tsis yoglus, exposition. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev xav thiab kev xav.

6. Message (ntawv hauv nqe). Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, hom no yog heev nrov. Cov lus tau sau los ntawm Derzhavin, Kantemir, Kostrov, Lomonosov, Petrov, Sumarokov, Trediakovsky, Fonvizin thiab ntau lwm tus. Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 lawv kuj tau siv. Lawv sau los ntawm Batyushkov, Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Lermontov.

7. Romance. Zaj nkauj no yog lub npe hu ua zaj nkauj hu tau kho siab heev.

8. Ib tug sonnet yog ib daim ntawv ruaj ntawm paj huam. Muaj kaum plaub kab, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, poob rau hauv ob quatrains (quatrain) thiab ob peb kab (tercet).

9. Paj huam. Nws yog nyob rau hauv 19-20 centuries uas cov qauv no tau los ua ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lyrical.

10. Elegy yog lwm hom paj huam uas nrov nrog cov ntsiab lus melancholy.

11. Ib qho epigram yog ib zaj paj huam luv luv. Tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm cov ntsiab lus.

12. Epitaph (tombstone).

Ib hom ntawv ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov's lyrics

A. S. Pushkin sau nyob rau hauv txawv lyrical hom. Nov yog:

• Ode. Piv txwv li, "Liberty" (1817).
• Elegy - "Lub teeb ntawm hnub tawm mus" (1820).
• Message - "To Chaadaev" (1818).
• Epigram - "Rau Alexander!", "To Vorontsov" (1824).
• Song - "About the prophetic Oleg" (1822).
• Romance - "Kuv nyob ntawm no, Inezilla" (1830).
• Sonnet, satire.
• Lyric compositions uas mus dhau ib txwm ib hom ntawv - "Rau Hiav txwv", "Village", "Anchar" thiab ntau ntxivlwm tus.

Pushkin cov ntsiab lus tseem muaj ntau yam: kev ua pej xeem, teeb meem ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm kev muaj tswv yim thiab ntau lwm cov ntsiab lus tau cuam tshuam rau hauv nws cov haujlwm.

Ntau yam ntawm Lermontov cov nkauj ua rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Nws yog ib tug successor rau cov kab lig kev cai ntawm pej xeem paj huam ntawm lub Decembrists thiab Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Thaum xub thawj, hom ntawv nyiam tshaj plaws yog monologue-confession. Tom qab ntawd - romance, elegy thiab ntau lwm tus. Tab sis satire thiab epigram yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus hauv nws txoj haujlwm.

Zoo kawg

Yog li, lyrical tej hauj lwm tuaj yeem sau tau ntau yam. Piv txwv li, ib tug sonnet, madrigal, epigram, romance, elegy, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nkauj feem ntau muab faib ua cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, civil, intimate, philosophical, kev cai dab qhuas, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau qhov tseeb tias cov nkauj tau hloov kho tas li thiab ntxiv nrog cov ntawv sau tshiab. Hauv kev xyaum poetic, muaj ntau hom nkauj qiv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kos duab. Los ntawm suab paj nruag: w altz, prelude, peb hlis ntuj, nocturne, cantata, requiem, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm painting: portrait, tseem lub neej, sketch, bas-relief, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no, muaj kev sib txuas ntawm ib hom ntawv, yog li cov nkauj nkauj tau muab faib ua pawg.