Petrushka Theatre: keeb kwm, kev ua yeeb yam. Puppet show
Petrushka Theatre: keeb kwm, kev ua yeeb yam. Puppet show

Video: Petrushka Theatre: keeb kwm, kev ua yeeb yam. Puppet show

Video: Petrushka Theatre: keeb kwm, kev ua yeeb yam. Puppet show
Video: Plab Plab Ntswg..(Pluav Pluav Ntswg) Maiv Twm New Song 2023-2024 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Nws ntseeg tias qhov chaw yug ntawm cov menyuam dev niaj hnub ua yeeb yam yog Is Nrias teb thiab Tuam Tshoj Ancient. Tom qab ntawd, hom kev cai ywj pheej no tau coj los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, tejzaum nws yog gypsies, mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws thaum ub, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd nws kis thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nws tsis paub meej tias thaum twg cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim hauv peb lub tebchaws, tab sis Lavxias pej xeem kev ua yeeb yam Petrushka tau nrov heev nrog cov neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog thiab cov chav kawm txog peb centuries.

Petrushka ua yeeb yam
Petrushka ua yeeb yam

Backstory

Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias muaj 3 hom kev ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws Russia:

  • puppet, uas cov menyuam roj hmab tau tswj nrog xov;
  • Petrushka Theatre - nrog cov duab ntawm cov cim tso rau ntawm tus menyuam roj hmab ntiv tes;
  • nativity scene - ib qho kev ua yeeb yam uas cov menyuam roj hmab tau txav tsis tu ncua ntawm cov pas nrig thiab txav mus rau hauv cov qhov ua rau hauv lub thawv tshwj xeeb.

Qhov kev xaiv kawg tau nrov tsuas yog nyob rau thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws thiab hauv Siberia, thiab txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov menyuam roj hmab, vim qhov nyuaj ntawm cov duab, tau siv tsis tshua muaj. Yog li, hais txog Lavxias teb sab pre-revolutionary puppet qhia, feem ntau lawv muajxav txog Petrushka Theatre. Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus protagonist ntawm kev ua yeeb yam lom zem ua si ntawm txoj kev.

Puas yog Parsley

Lub npe menyuam yaus no tau muab rau tus menyuam roj hmab hnab looj tes, uas feem ntau hnav lub tsho liab, ris tsho canvas thiab lub kaus mom taw tes nrog lub tassel. Nws tseem tsis tau meej meej vim li cas nws lub cev lub cev tau ib txwm muab "tsis yog Lavxias" nta. Tshwj xeeb, nws muaj lub taub hau loj heev thiab ob txhais tes, lub ntsej muag swarthy, lub qhov muag loj loj, thiab lub qhov ntswg sib txuas. Feem ntau yuav, Petrushka qhov tsos yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab zoo li Italian Pulcinella.

Raws tus cwj pwm ntawm tus cwj pwm, nws yog ib tug neeg ruam thiab tus neeg dag uas tsis muaj cai.

puppet theaters nyob rau hauv Moscow
puppet theaters nyob rau hauv Moscow

Pom Parsley

Hauv tebchaws Russia, lub hnab looj tes menyuam roj hmab nrog cov yam ntxwv txawv txawv thiab lub npe hu ua Ivan Ratyutyu tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo pua 17th. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau txais nws qhov kev faib loj tshaj plaws thiab nws lub npe kawg nkaus xwb 200 xyoo tom qab. Los ntawm txoj kev, Petrushka nws tus kheej qhia nws tus kheej li Pyotr Ivanovich (tej zaum Petrovich) Uksusov.

Kev piav qhia ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thaum ntxov

Hauv xyoo pua 17th, kev ua yeeb yam tau ua si yam tsis muaj lub vijtsam. Ntau precisely, cov tsoos Petrushka ua yeeb yam xav tias kev koom tes ntawm tsuas yog ib tug actor, uas khi ib daim tiab rau nws txoj siv. Ib tug hoop tau sewn rau nws hem, lifting uas, tus puppeteer tau muab zais los ntawm prying ob lub qhov muag. Nws tuaj yeem txav nws txhais tes dawb thiab xav txog qhov xwm txheej nrog kev koom tes ntawm ob lub cim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg ua yeeb yam yuav luag ib txwm ua haujlwm nrog tus thawj coj dais thiab tseem ua haujlwm ntawm buffoon.

Lavxias teb sab pej xeem ua yeeb yam Petrushka
Lavxias teb sab pej xeem ua yeeb yam Petrushka

Kev piav qhia ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tom qab nruab nrab xyoo pua 19

Los ntawm 1840s lub vijtsam tau siv. Nws muaj peb thav ntawv, uas tau fastened nrog staples thiab nruj nrog chintz. Nws tau muab tso ncaj qha rau hauv av, thiab nws zais tus puppeteer. Ib qho yuav tsum tau ua, yam tsis muaj qhov tsis tuaj yeem xav txog Petrushka Theatre, yog ib qho hnyav-gurdy. Nws lub suab tau caw cov neeg tuaj saib, thiab tom qab qhov screen, tus neeg tuaj dab qhuas sib tham nrog cov neeg tuaj saib los ntawm lub xuav tshwj xeeb. Thaum lub sij hawm ua yeeb yam, nws yuav khiav tawm mus rau cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv lub costume ntawm Petrushka: nrog ib tug ntev lub qhov ntswg thiab lub kaus mom liab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub cev nqaij grinder tau los ua nws tus khub, thiab ua ke lawv ua yeeb yam comic scenes.

Puppeteers

Petrushka Theatre, uas nws keeb kwm tsis tau kawm tiav, suav tias yog txiv neej nkaus xwb. Txhawm rau ua kom tus puppeteer lub suab ntau squeaky thiab nrov, ib qho tshwj xeeb xuav-beep tau muab tso rau hauv lub larynx. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus menyuam roj hmab sim hais lus nrawm heev thiab luag tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm nws txhua qhov kev tso dag.

Puppet theatre "Petrushka"
Puppet theatre "Petrushka"

Plots

Kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam (Petrushka yog lawv lub ntsiab, tab sis tsis yog tib tus phab ej) yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov phiaj xwm tseem ceeb yog: kev kho mob thiab kev cob qhia rau tub rog kev pabcuam, hnub nrog tus nkauj nyab, yuav thiab sim nees. Scenes ua raws ib qho tom qab ib qho kev txiav txim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub sijhawm ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam nyob ntawm seb cov neeg tuaj saib tau siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas rau txoj kev ua yeeb yam no.

Kev nqis tes ua tau tshwm sim hauv qab no:

  • Petrushka txiav txim siab yuav ib tug nees los ntawm gypsy nees-tus tswv lag luam. Nws sib tham nrog tus neeg muag khoom tau ntev. CesTxoj hauj lwm no thab nws, thiab nws ntaus cov gypsy, uas khiav tawm.
  • Petrushka sim nce nees, tab sis tus nees muab nws tawm thiab mus tom qab tus neeg ua lag luam nees, tawm hauv tus txiv neej cunning pw tsaug zog.
  • Tus kws kho mob tuaj. Nws nug Petrushka txog nws tus mob. Nws hloov tawm hais tias nws muaj ib txhiab kab mob. Tus kws kho mob thiab Petrushka sib ntaus vim tus neeg mob hu tus kws kho mob tsis zoo. Kev thab plaub ua rau tus kws kho mob hnyav ntawm lub taub hau nrog lub club.
  • Tus neeg saib xyuas pom thiab nug Petrushka vim li cas nws thiaj tua tus kws kho mob. Plut teb tias nws "tsis paub nws txoj kev tshawb fawb zoo." Tom qab ntawd Petrushka ntaus lub quarterman nrog lub club thiab tua nws. Tus dev los khiav. Petrushka tig mus rau pej xeem thiab thov nws pab. Tom qab ntawd nws sim appease tus dev thiab cog lus tias yuav pub nws cov nqaij miv. Tus dev rub Petrusha ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab rub nws mus. Nrog rau qhov no, qhov kev ua yeeb yam xaus thiab cov neeg tuaj saib tau tawg.

Petrushka's tshoob

Qee zaum, feem ntau thaum Maslenitsa thiab lwm yam kev ua koob tsheej, kev ua yeeb yam, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm pej xeem, tuaj yeem mus ntev dua. Tom qab ntawd lawv ua si scene "Petrushka's Wedding". Nws zaj dab neeg yog crude thiab frivolous. Petrushka tau coj ib tug nkauj nyab, uas nws tshuaj xyuas zoo li nws yog ib tug nees. Tom qab nws pom zoo sib yuav, ntev kev ntxias ntawm tus nkauj nyab pib "siv nws tus kheej" ua ntej tshoob. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov neeg saib tau tawm ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam, coj cov menyuam mus. Cov txiv neej uas tseem tshuav tau mloog Petrushka cov lus tso dag nrog kev zoo siab.

Tseem muaj ib qho chaw nrog ib tug pov thawj lossis tus kws txiav txim plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov kev txiav txim siab censorship, nws tsis suav nrog ib qho ntawm cov khoom sau uas cov ntawv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tau kaw nrog. Parsley.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Petrushka theatre
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Petrushka theatre

Kev tuag

Ntawm cov cim ntawm Petrushka Theatre muaj ib qho kev phem tshaj plaws, uas tau kov yeej tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb. Nws yog Kev Tuag, uas, tom qab kev sib cav hais lus, coj Petrushka nrog nws. Txawm li cas los xij, sai sai no tus hero tau sawv rov los nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw. Qhov xwm txheej no yog vim li cas qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib nrhiav kev sib txuas ntawm Petrushka thiab pagan deities, leej twg tuag tsis kawg thiab tau yug los ntawm no thiab nyob ntawd.

Puppet theatre ntawm Moscow

Ua ntej lub Kaum Hli Ntuj tig, tsis muaj cov koom haum kab lis kev cai mus tas li, thiab kev ua yeeb yam tau ua los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam solo ntawm txoj kev lossis hauv cov rooj muag khoom, lossis lawv tau raug caw mus rau hauv tsev ntiag tug kom lom zem qhua. Thawj tus menyuam dev ua yeeb yam hauv Moscow tau tshwm sim thaum xyoo 1930s. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv nws thiaj li los ua tus loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no yog theatre. S. Obraztsova. Nws nyob ntawm: st. Sadovaya-Samotechnaya, 3. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nws, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub Moscow Puppet Theatre tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub capital, Ameslikas tsim kom nrov me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv. Nws ncig teb chaws thiab qhia cov neeg saib txog tej hauj lwm tshiab los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Soviet sau tshwj xeeb rau cov tub ntxhais hluas.

Petrushka theatre keeb kwm
Petrushka theatre keeb kwm

Tom qab ntawd, lwm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam hauv Moscow tau tshwm sim: "Albatross", "Firebird", "Fairytale", "Chamber" thiab lwm yam. Hauv lawv koj tuaj yeem saib tsis yog menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb tsim rau cov neeg laus.

Petrushka Puppet Theatre

Txhawm rau khaws cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias txoj kev ua yeeb yam rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus, Andrey Shavel thiab tus kws kos duab Valentina Smirnova tau teeb tsa pab pawg tshiab. Nws tau raug hu ua Lavxias Folk Theatre "Petrushka" thiab nthuav tawm xyoo 1989 hauv nroog Fresino.

Kev ua yeeb yam tso rau kev ua yeeb yam kav ntev li 30 feeb ntawm txoj kev thiab sim kom tsis txhob sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua yeeb yam farce.

Cov tsos ntawm Petrushka theatre yog txuas nrog lub siab xav ntawm nws cov neeg tsim los khaws qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas nyob hauv txoj kev loj ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los.

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Petrushka Theatre
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Petrushka Theatre

Kev ua yeeb yam kuj ua si hauv tsev. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, cov neeg tuaj saib kuj qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Petrushka thiab Lavxias teb sab farce theatre. Hauv lawv txoj haujlwm, cov neeg ua yeeb yam siv cov khoom siv uas yog cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab cov menyuam roj hmab uas lawv cov thawj coj tau siv los ua kev lom zem rau pej xeem ntawm txoj kev hauv nroog Lavxias 150-200 xyoo dhau los.

Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas Lavxias teb sab pej xeem puppet theatre tshwm sim. Parsley tseem muaj kev txaus siab rau cov menyuam yaus hnub no, yog li nco ntsoov coj lawv mus rau qee qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv farce style.

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